I-ATE PCB: I-Essential Test Interface Yokukhiqiza I-Semiconductor

Isingeniso

Ekuhlolweni kwe-semiconductor , i-ATE PCB (ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe le-Automatic Test Equipment) isebenza njengesixhumi esibalulekile phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuhlola eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye namasekethe ahlanganisiwe ahlolwayo.

Leli bhodi lesifunda elikhethekile linika amandla ukudluliswa kwesignali okunembile, izilinganiso zikagesi ezinembile, nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okuphelele kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza we-IC. Njengoba amadivaysi e-semiconductor ekhula ngokuba nzima, i-ATE PCB isibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yedivayisi, ukusebenza, nokwethembeka ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kumakhasimende ekugcineni.

Iyini i-ATE PCB futhi Isebenza Kanjani

I-ATE PCB ibhodi lesekhethi yokuhlola eklanywe ngokwezifiso evala igebe phakathi kwezinsimbi zokuhlola ezinembayo kanye nedivayisi ehlolwayo (DUT). Ngokungafani namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe ajwayelekile, lawa mabhodi okuhlola ayisipesheli kufanele ahambisane nemibandela edingekayo kagesi kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngezimo zokuhlola eziphindaphindwayo ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo yokuhlola.

Umzila wesignali ugeleza usuka ohlelweni lwe-ATE udlule ebhodini lokuxhumana ukuya ebhodini lokulayisha (uhlobo lwe-ATE PCB), bese ngokusebenzisa isokhethi yokuhlola ukunemba ukuya e-DUT. Lesi sakhiwo sinika amandla umzila olawulwayo wokuvinjelwa, ukulethwa kwamandla okunembile, kanye nokutholwa kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe amadivayisi esimanjemanje e-semiconductor. I-PCB yokuhlola kufanele ngesikhathi esisodwa iphathe amasiginali e-analog, amaphethini edijithali, izilinganiso ze-RF, nokuphathwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwezicaciso zokubekezelela okuqinile.

Izinhlobo zama-ATE PCB ezigaba ezihlukene zokuhlola

Ibhodi Lokulayisha

Ibhodi lokulayisha limelela uhlobo lwe-ATE PCB oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokugcina kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe. Lawa mabhodi agcizelela ubuqotho besignali kuzo zonke iziteshi eziningi ngenkathi enikeza amandla azinzile kumadivayisi asebenza ngesivinini esigcwele. Amabhodi okulayisha ngokuvamile afaka ama-trace alawulwayo e-impedance, amanethiwekhi okulinganisa i-impedance ngokunemba, kanye nokumbozwa okukhulu kwendiza yomhlabathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuhlola yesivinini esikhulu.

Ikhadi le-Probe PCB

Ama-PCB ekhadi le-probe avumela ukuhlolwa kwezinga le-wafer ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa kwedayi kanye nokupakishwa. Lawa ma-PCB e-ATE akhethekile afaka ama-probe arrays e-pitch acwebezelayo kakhulu enza ukuxhumana kukagesi kwesikhashana nama-bond pad amancane kuma-silicon wafers. Umklamo udinga ukuzinza okumangalisayo kanye nezindlela zokuqondanisa ezinembile ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwe-probe-to-pad okuvumelanayo kuzo zonke izindawo ze-wafer.

Ibhodi lokushiswa

Amabhodi okushisa afaka amadivayisi ezimweni zokucindezeleka ezisheshayo okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezikhathi zokusebenza ezinde. Lawa ma-PCB e-ATE kumele amelane nokujikeleza kokushisa phakathi kwe-ambient kanye ne-150°C ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kukagesi. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile ngezinto zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini eziqinisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka phakathi nesikhathi eside sokuhlolwa.

Ibhodi Lokusebenzelana

Amabhodi esixhumi axhuma i-mainframe ye-ATE kumabhodi omthwalo aqondene nedivayisi, enikeza ukulungiswa kwesignali, ukuhumusha i-voltage, kanye nokuguqulwa kwephrothokholi. Lolu ngqimba oluphakathi luvumela ukucushwa okuhlukile kwe-ATE PCB ukuthi kusebenze nemishini yokuhlola ejwayelekile, kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kwesistimu futhi kuncishiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwehadiwe.

Okucatshangelwayo Okubalulekile Kwedizayini Yokuthuthukiswa Kwe-ATE PCB

Ubunjiniyela Besiginali Yobuqotho

Ukudluliswa kwesignali enesivinini esiphezulu kudinga umzila olawulwayo ovimbelayo onobude bokulandelela obufaniswayo kuwo wonke amapheya ahlukene kanye namabhasi eziteshi eziningi. Abaklami be-ATE PCB bacacisa ukucushwa kwesitaki okunembayo okunokuphazamiseka okuqondiwe okuvamise ukusukela ku-50 kuye ku-100 ohms. Amathuluzi okulingisa aqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesignali ngaphambi kokwenziwa, ahlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokuboniswa, i-crosstalk, nokulahlekelwa kokufakwa okungafaka engozini ukunemba kokuhlolwa.

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezithuthukile

Ama-PCB e-ATE anamuhla asebenzisa izinto ze-laminate ezilahlekelwa kancane njengochungechunge lwe-laminate olulahlekelwa kancane olukhethekile noma i-Panasonic Megtron 6 ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesiginali kumaza e-gigahertz. Lezi zinto zinikeza amanani aphansi e-dielectric constant (Dk) aphakathi kuka-3.3 no-3.8, kanye namanani e-dissipation factor (Df) angaphansi kuka-0.005, abalulekile ekugcineni ukwethembeka kwesiginali. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kokulinganisa kanye nomphumela wokuhlola ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezingqimba Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izitaki ze-ATE PCB zivame ukuhluka ukusuka kweziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-30 ukuze kufakwe umzila wesignali ocinene, izindiza zamandla amaningi, nezinkomba zomhlaba ezibanzi. Ukulandelana kwesendlalelo kulandela imithetho eqinile yedizayini ehlukanisa amasignali anesivinini esikhulu kusukela ekulandeleni okubucayi kwe-analogi kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okwanele. I-Vis eyimpumputhe nengcwatshwe kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwezingqimba futhi ithuthukise ukuminyana kwemizila ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kukagesi.

Izinqubo Zokwenza Ngokunemba

Ukukhiqiza ama-ATE PCB kudinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile kunamabhodi esekethe ajwayelekile. Ama-microvias abhojwe nge-laser anika amandla ukuxhumana okuminyaniswe kakhulu ngokucushwa nge-in-pad okunciphisa ubude bendlela yesiginali. Ukunemba kokubhalisa phakathi kuka-±0.025mm (±0.001 amayintshi) kuqinisekisa ukuqondana okufanele phakathi kwezendlalelo nezici ezingaphezulu. Amabhodi aqediwe avivinywa kagesi okuphelele okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kokuqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa, nokuqinisekiswa kwe-impedance.

I-Thermal Management Architecture

Amadivayisi kagesi kanye nama-IC amaningi akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Imiklamo ye-ATE PCB ifaka ama-via okushisa axhumanisa izingxenye ezikhiqiza ukushisa nezindiza zethusi zangaphakathi noma ama-heat sink angaphandle. Umklamo ofanele wokushisa uvimbela ukukhukhuleka kokulinganisa okuhlobene nokushisa futhi wandisa impilo yesevisi yezingxenye kuzo zonke izigidi zokufakwa kokuhlolwa.

Izidingo Zokukhiqiza zama-ATE PCB asebenza Kakhulu

I-Controlled Impedance Specifications

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhodi lokuhlola zidinga ukubekezelelana kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-±5 kuya kwangu-10 ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho besignali. Izilawuli zokukhiqiza zifaka ukuphathwa okunembile kogqinsi lwe-dielectric, ukungaguquguquki kwesisindo sethusi, nokulawula ububanzi bokulandelela ngaphakathi kuka-±0.013mm (±0.0005 amayintshi). Ukuhlolwa kwe-Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) kuqinisekisa amaphrofayili e-impedance kuzo zonke izindlela zesignali ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokulethwa kwebhodi.

I-Surface Finish kanye ne-Planarity Control

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasokhethi okuhlola nama-ATE PCB kudinga ukuhleleka okukhethekile kwendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ingcindezi yokuxhumana efanayo. Ukucaciswa kokuphansi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuchezuka okungaphansi kuka-0.05mm (0.002 amayintshi) endaweni yokukhweza isokhethi. Igolide le-nickel immersion gold (ENIG) noma i-electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) iqeda ihlinzeka ngokuthinta okuthembekile kukagesi futhi imelana ne-oxidation lapho ifakwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Izinqubo Zokuhlola Ugesi

Yonke i-ATE PCB ithola ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile kukagesi okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka - Ukuqinisekiswa kwazo zonke izixhumanisi ezihlosiwe phakathi kwamaphuzu okuhlola nama-component pads.

• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa - Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthi amanetha angaxhunyiwe agcina ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi okufanele ngaphezu kwama-megohms ayi-10.

• Ukuhlolwa okunamandla aphezulu - Ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla e-dielectric phakathi kwezindiza zamandla kanye nezendlalelo zomhlabathi kuma-voltage aphezulu.

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Impedance - Izilinganiso ze-TDR eziqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwe-impedance okulawulwayo zihlangabezana nemininingwane yomklamo kulo lonke uhla lwemvamisa.

Izixazululo Zobunjiniyela Zezinselele Ezivamile ze-ATE PCB

Ukuphatha Ukulahleka Kwesiginali Yemvamisa Ephakeme

Ukuncishiswa kwesignali kuba bucayi kumafrikhwensi e-multi-gigahertz lapho ngisho nobude bokulandelela obufushane bethula ukulahleka kokufakwa okulinganisekayo. Izixazululo zihlanganisa ukukhetha izinto ze-dielectric ezilahlekelwa kakhulu-phansi, ukunciphisa ngoshintsho, nokusebenzisa izindiza ezihlala phansi eziseduze nezingqimba zesignali. Ukulawula ukuvinjelwa okucophelela kuzo zonke izixhumi namasokhethi okuhlola kugcina ikhwalithi yesiginali kuyo yonke indlela yokuhlola.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthembeka Kokuxhumana

Isixhumanisi esiphakathi kwesokhethi yokuhlola ne-DUT simele indawo yokuhluleka evamile kumasistimu e-ATE. Igolide noma i-palladium-nickel plating kumaphedi othintana nawo amelana ne-oxidation futhi kunciphisa ukumelana nokuxhumana phezu kokufakwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ukucaciswa kweplanethi engaphezulu kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi efanayo kuwo wonke amaphinikhodi wesokhethi, kuvimbele ukuxhuma ngezikhathi ezithile okuphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ukugqugquzela Ukugcinwa kanye Nokushintshwa Kwesokhethi

Imiklamo yesokhethi ye-modular enokufakwa okushintshwayo inciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula lapho izici zokuxhumana ziguga ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Abanye abaklami bezakhiwo be-ATE PCB babeka amasokhethi emakhadini amantombazane ahlukene anamathisela ebhodini elikhulu lokulayisha, okuvumela izinguquko ezisheshayo zesokhethi ngaphandle kokushintsha yonke inhlangano. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza ezindaweni zokukhiqiza eziphezulu.

I-Warpage Yebhodi Lokulawula

Ama-PCB e-ATE anefomethi enkulu engaphezu kuka-450 ngo-600mm adinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekusabalaliseni kwethusi okulinganayo kanye nokwakhiwa okulinganayo. Izinqubo zokuklama zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izitaki ezilinganayo, ukulinganisa ukuminyana kwethusi kuzo zonke izendlalelo, kanye nokucacisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinama-coefficients afanayo wokunwetshwa kwe-thermal. Amabhodi aqediwe ahlolwa ukuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana nokucaciswa kwekhasi le-warpage ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-0.25mm ngaphesheya kwe-diagonal yebhodi.

Izicelo Zokuhlola I-semiconductor zama-ATE PCB

Ama-PCB e-ATE asekela ukuhlola okuphelele kuzo zonke izigaba zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe ezihlukene. Amadivayisi anengqondo afaka ama-microprocessors nama-FPGA adinga ukuqinisekiswa kwemingcele yesikhathi yedijithali, izindlela zokusebenza zokusebenza, nezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ama-IC we-analog namasignali axubile adinga ukunemba kwezilinganiso ze-DC, ukucaciswa kokusebenza kwe-AC, nokuhlaziywa kwempendulo yemvamisa kubo bonke ububanzi obucacisiwe bokusebenza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola inkumbulo zigcizelela imiklamo ye-ATE PCB enamashaneli amakhulu edatha afanayo asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu. I-DRAM yesimanje kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-flash ye-NAND kuhilela ukuqinisekiswa kanyekanye kwamakhulu emigqa yedatha kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho besignali kuzo zonke iziteshi. Ukuhlolwa kwedivayisi ye-RF kuveza izinselele ezengeziwe ezidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekufanisweni kwe-impedance kanye nokuvikela kazibuthe kagesi ukuze kunqandwe inkohlakalo yokulinganisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor yezimoto kubeka izidingo eziqinile zokuthembeka ezibonisa izindawo zokusebenza ezinokhahlo. Ama-ATE PCB ezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto kufanele asekele ukucaciswa kwezinga lokushisa okunwetshiwe kusukela ku- -40°C kuya ku-150°C namaphrothokholi okuhlola ingcindezi aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor yamandla kudinga amandla aqinile okulethwa kwamanje kanye namasekhethi okulinganisa ama-voltage anembayo akwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla.

I-ATE PCB Ngokuphikisana Nezinye Izinhlobo Zebhodi Lokuhlola

Ukuqhathanisa namabhodi okushiswa ngaphakathi

I-ATE PCB ihluke kakhulu kumabhodi ashise ngaphakathi naphezu kokusebenza okuminyene. Nakuba kokubili kusiza ukuhlolwa kwedivayisi, amabhodi ashisayo abeka phambili ingcindezi yokushisa nokuhlola ukwethembeka ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu zikagesi ezinemininingwane. Ama-ATE PCB agcizelela ukunemba kokulinganisa kanye nokuhlola okuphelele kwepharamitha kunezimo zengcindezi ezinwetshiwe.

Umehluko kusuka ku-Probe Cards

Uma kuqhathaniswa namakhadi okuhlola asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwe-wafer, isixhumi esibonakalayo sedivayisi ehlanganisiwe ye-ATE PCBs enamafomethi esokhethi ajwayelekile kunokuxhumana ngokuqondile ne-silicon die. Lo mehluko uthinta ukwakheka kwemishini, ubuchwepheshe be-probe, kanye nezidingo zokuqondanisa. Amakhadi okuhlola adinga ukunemba okukhethekile ukuze axhumane namaphedi ebhondi amancane, kanti isixhumi esibonakalayo se-ATE PCBs esinomthofu wephakheji emikhulu noma amabhola e-solder.

Izinzuzo Over Standard PCBs

Ama-PCB ezentengiselwano ajwayelekile asebenza ngezicaciso zikagesi ezikhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo ze-ATE PCB. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola zidinga ukubekezelelana okulawulwayo phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-±5, ukuhlukahluka kobubanzi bokulandelela ngaphansi kuka-±0.013mm, nokunemba kokubhalisa okudlula amandla ajwayelekile e-PCB. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokwenziwa, nezinqubo zokuhlola ikhwalithi zibonisa lezi zidingo eziphakeme kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATE PCB.

Isiphetho

I-ATE PCB imele ingxenye ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwe-semiconductor, okuthonya ngokuqondile ukunemba kokuhlolwa, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nekhwalithi yedivayisi. Impumelelo idinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo kubunjiniyela besignali bobuqotho, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nezinqubo zokwenziwa ngokunemba kuzo zonke izigaba zokuklama nezokukhiqiza. Njengoba amasekethe ahlanganisiwe eqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngobunkimbinkimbi nangemvamisa yokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe be-ATE PCB kufanele buguquke ngokuhambisanayo ukuze busekele izidingo zokuhlola zesizukulwane esilandelayo.

I-Highleap Electronics igxile ekwakhiweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwe -PCB okuthuthukisiwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola i-semiconductor. Amakhono ethu afaka:

• Ukukhiqiza okunembayo kwe-ATE PCB - Layisha amabhodi, amabhodi ashise ngaphakathi, nama-interface ahlanganayo akhelwe kumininingwane yokuhlola enzima ene-impedance elawulwayo kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile.
• Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo - Ulwazi nge-laminate ekhethekile enezinga eliphansi lokulahlekelwa, i-Megtron, kanye nezinye i-laminate ezinezinga eliphansi lokulahlekelwa ezilungiselelwe ukudluliselwa kwesignali enezinga eliphezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kukagesi okuphelele - Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-impedance ye-TDR, ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo, nokuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa okuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi ngalinye lihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokusebenza.
• Usekelo lobunjiniyela - Izinsizakalo zokubonisana zokudizayina zisiza ukuthuthukisa izitaki, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuphathwa okushisayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokuhlola.

Xhumana nethimba lethu lobunjiniyela ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho ze-ATE PCB futhi uthole ukuthi izixazululo zebhodi lesekethe elinembile zingathuthukisa kanjani ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-semiconductor kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.