Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Passive PCB Okufakiwe Kwemiklamo Ehlanganisiwe

I-Highleap Electronics inikeza ukubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi yokukhiqiza i-PCB engashukumi ehlanganisiwe yemiklamo ye-PCB ehlanganisa imisebenzi ethile engashukumi ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa kwebhodi kunokubeka yonke ingxenye ebusweni. Kuye ngobuchwepheshe obudingekayo, lokhu kungase kuhilele izakhi zokumelana ezihlanganisiwe, amandla ashumekiwe noma esinye isakhiwo esingashukumi esichaziwe. Uma umhlinzeki wakho wamanje engakwazi ukusekela ukwakhiwa okuhlongozwayo, sithumelele i-stackup, ama-target kagesi kanye nezidingo zezinto zokwakha ukuze kubuyekezwe ukusebenziseka kanye nesilinganiso.

Ukuze kwenziwe i-PCB engasebenzi efakiwe , ubuchwepheshe kumele buhlonzwe ngokunembile. Imiklamo ye-PCB engasebenzi efakiwe kanye nemiklamo ye-PCB engasebenzi efakiwe ayisebenzisi izinto ezifanayo, amajiyometri noma izindlela zokuqinisekisa. I-Highleap ibuyekeza uhlobo olungasebenzi oluceliwe, inani kanye nokubekezelelana, indawo yesendlalelo, imininingwane yokuxhumana, izidingo ze-lamination, ukufinyelela kokuhlola kanye nevolumu yohlelo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ububanzi bephrojekthi.

Kuyini Ukukhiqiza i-PCB Ehlanganisiwe Engasebenzi?

Kunezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziningana ezihlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi “i-embedded passive”, futhi azizona izinguquko entweni efanayo. Ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile ukuthi umsebenzi wengxenye uvelaphi.

Umugqa wokuqala yiwona ovame kakhulu ekukhiqizweni komthamo, ngoba awudingi ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye ezingavamile futhi awudingi imishini ekhethekile yokubeka. Owesibili yilokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo lapho bezwa leli gama, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyakha, ngoba udinga ingxenye ukuze isinde emjikelezweni wokucindezela futhi ixhunywe nethusi ezinhlangothini zombili.

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza i-Passive PCB Ehlanganisiwe Yama-Resistors Nama-Capacitors

Ngokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe eziyimfihlo, ukulandelana kwenqubo yikona okunquma ukuthi umklamo ungenzeka yini. Ingxenye ayifakwa ebhodini eliqediwe; ifakwa esitakini ngenkathi kwenziwa isitaki.

Kulandela okuthathu okuvela kulelo thebula, futhi kuchaza iningi lezingcaphuno ozozithola.

• Isakhiwo esingasebenzi kumele sifanelekele umjikelezo wenqubo ogcwele. Ungacabangi ukuthi i-resistor noma i-capacitor ejwayelekile yokukhweza phezulu ingamelana nokushisa kwe-lamination, ingcindezi kanye nokugeleza kwe-resin. Ukufaneleka kuncike kubuchwepheshe bokushumeka, ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye, ukwakheka kwetheminali, ukuzinza kukagesi kanye nephrofayili yangempela yokucindezela.
• Ingxenye kufanele ibekwe futhi ibanjwe ngokunembile. Yingakho umklamo kufanele uchaze ukuma futhi, ezimweni eziningi, uphawu lwe-polarity noma lwe-pin-1.
• Ukwakhiwa ngokuvamile kudinga imijikelezo eminingi ye-lamination kunebhodi evamile. Yilapho iningi lezindleko kanye nesikhathi esiningi sokuhola sikhona khona, futhi yingakho ama-passive afakiwe ngokuvamile achazwa emabhodini asevele akhiwa njengesakhiwo sokwakha.

Uhlangothi lwe-lamination lwale nqubo luchazwe enqubweni yethu ye-PCB lamination , futhi izindlela zokwakha i-stackup ngezigaba zimbozwe ku- hybrid PCB lamination yethu . Imininingwane yokwakhiwa kwe-laminate, okuhlanganisa nendlela i-prepreg kanye ne-core eziziphatha ngayo emshinini wokunyathelisa, isekwakhiweni kwethu kwe-PCB laminate.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwama-PCB angasebenzi afakiwe

Ama-passive afakiwe ayakufanelekela ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ezimweni ezincane, futhi kuyafaneleka ukwethembeka ngeqiniso lokuthi imiklamo eminingi ayiwadingi.

Kuyakhokhela uma: inani elingasebenzi liphezulu futhi indawo yebhodi ilinganiselwe, ukuze ukuhambisa ama-capacitor ayikhulu ahlukanisayo ebusweni angene ebhodini kukhulula indawo yangempela yokuqondisa; umklamo uvame kakhulu futhi i-parasitic inductance ye-surface capacitor ene-via ikhawulela ukusebenza; umklamo uwumhlangano omncane noma ogobekayo lapho ukuphakama kwengxenye kubalulekile; noma umklamo udinga amanani e-capacitance atholakala kuphela njengezakhiwo ezifakiwe, njenge-plane-pair capacitance esetshenziswa njengenethiwekhi yokuhlukanisa esabalalisiwe.

Akukhokhi uma: umklamo uneziphazamiso ezimbalwa kanye nendawo eningi yamabhodi; uhlelo luphansi kakhulu futhi izindleko zamathuluzi nokusetha azikwazi ukuncishiswa; iziphazamiso zidinga ukushintshwa ngazinye noma zincishiswe inani; noma amanani adingekayo kanye nokubekezelelana kutholakala kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile zokufaka phezulu ngezindleko eziphansi.

Umthombo ovame ukudideka ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-bury-capacitance kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-discrete-embedded-component kuthengiswa ngaphansi kwesihloko esifanayo kodwa kunezomnotho ezihluke ngokuphelele. I-buryed capacitance iyisinqumo esibalulekile : ushintsha i-laminate kanye ne-stackup, futhi yonke i-plane pair ebhodini iba yi-capacitor. Izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe eziyimfihlo ziyisinqumo senqubo : ungeza isinyathelo sokubekwa kanye ne-lamination ukuze ufake izingxenye ezithile ngaphakathi kwebhodi. Uma umhlinzeki ecaphuna enye ngenkathi usho enye, umehluko wentengo uzoba mkhulu futhi ingxoxo ihamba kabi. Lo mehluko kufanele ucaciswe ku-RFQ, futhi umbuzo obanzi wokuthi kusho ukuthini ukwakha ama-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwebhodi uxoxwa ngawo ezakhiweni zethu ze-PCB ezihlanganisiwe.

I-Passive PCB efakiwe vs ama-SMT Resistors nama-Capacitors

Lowo mugqa wokugcina yiwona onquma izinhlelo eziningi. Ama-passive afakiwe ayindlela yokuguqula izindleko zokuhlanganisa zibe izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi ukuhweba kufanelekile kuphela uma ivolumu iphakeme ngokwanele ukunciphisa ukusetha.

Iziqondiso Zokuklama ze-Passive PCB kanye Nezidingo ze-DFM

Lena imithetho evame ukuphoqa ukwakhiwa kabusha, futhi kufanelekile ukuyixazulula ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wobuciko ukhishwe.

• Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye. Ama-foil aqinile ahlanganisiwe, ama-resistors e-thin-film, izinto ze-dielectric ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezingxenye ezihlukene ziyizindlela ezahlukene zokuqalisa. Ingxenye ehlukene kumele ifaneleke ngokumelene nephrofayili yangempela ye-lamination, ingcindezi, uhlelo lwe-resin, indlela yokuxhuma yesiphelo kanye nemikhawulo kagesi yangemva kwenqubo. Gwema ukucabanga okubanzi okusekelwe ohlotsheni lwephakheji noma inani le-capacitance; buyekeza inombolo yengxenye ethile kanye nokwakhiwa ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekwakhiweni.
• Ukubekezelela ukujula kwembobo. I-recess kufanele ifane nokuphakama kwengxenye eduze ngokwanele ukuze ama-terminal axhumane futhi ingxenye ingachotshozwa. Ngakho-ke ukubekezelela ukuphakama kulo lonke iqembu lezingxenye kuba yinto efakwayo yomklamo.
• Ukubekezelelana nokuqondisa indawo. Ingxenye engalingani idinga ukuqondiswa okuchaziwe, futhi ithusi elixhuma kuma-terminals alo kufanele lidonswe endaweni yangempela ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana kwenqubo.
• Akukho ukushintshwa. Umklamo odinga ukulungiswa kabusha akumelwe ufake ingxenye ebhodini. Lokhu kusho nokuthi isu lokuhlola ukuhlanganiswa kufanele lishintshe: umshini wokuhlola ongaphakathi kwesekethe ungase ungakwazi ukufinyelela i-node ehlanganisiwe.
• Isikhala kusukela emaphethelweni ebhodi kanye nama-vias. Indawo ehlanganisiwe kumele igcine izindawo ezibekiwe emaphethelweni amabhodi, imigodi eboshwe kanye nethusi eliseduze. Isikhala esidingekayo sincike ekwakhiweni okuhlanganisiwe okungenamsebenzi okukhethiwe kanye nenqubo yayo yokulamina noma yokwenza amaphethini.
• Isitatimende senani kanye nokubekezelelana. Umklamo kufanele usho inani eliqondiwe kanye nokubekezelelana okwamukelekayo, kanti umenzi kufanele asho ukuthi inqubo ingabamba ini. Lezi izinombolo ezahlukene futhi akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ziyahambisana.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-passive embedded isebenzisana ne-stackup, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-DFM kusasebenza futhi kufanelekile ukusebenza ngokugcwele kulo mklamo. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-PCB design for manufacturability (DFM) kwethu kuhlanganisa isethi yemithetho evamile, futhi umbuzo ojwayelekile wokuthi i-stackup kufanele ibhalwe kanjani usemklamo wethu we-PCB stackup.

Indlela Ama-Resistors Nama-Capacitors Ahlanganisiwe Ahlolwa Ngayo

I-passive embedded ingase ingatholakali ngqo ukuze ihlolwe ngemva kwe-lamination, ngakho-ke ukufinyelela kokuhlola kanye nesu lokuqinisekisa kumele kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe i-stackup. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezine, ngokuvamile ezihlanganisiwe.

• Iziqu zenqubo ezisekelwe kukhuphoni. Ikhuphoni yokuhlola ephethe isakhiwo esifanayo esihlanganisiwe yakhiwa eceleni kwephaneli, bese ikhuphoni ilinganiswa. Lokhu kusungula ukuthi inqubo igcina inani, ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuhlola ibhodi ngalinye. Kuyindlela ejwayelekile yohlelo lokukhiqiza oluzinzile.
• Hlola izakhiwo kuphaneli. Ama-capacitor noma ama-resistor ohlobo olufakiwe afakwa endaweni ekhethiwe yephaneli futhi alinganiswe. Lokhu kunezela indawo encane futhi kunikeza idatha yephaneli ngalinye.
• Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwebhodi elihlanganisiwe. Ukusebenza kahle kwesekethe kulinganiswa ekugcineni komugqa, okuthola iphutha elikhulu kodwa ngokuvamile akunakuhlukanisa i-passive engaphandle kokubekezelelana kancane.
• Isigaba esiphambeneyo kanye ne-microscopy. Ngokwakhiwa kwentuthuko, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ihlanganiswe kahle, ukuthi ithusi lixhunywe kuma-terminal, nokuthi akukho ukugoba okuzungezile ingxenye.

Umehluko obalulekile kwinkontileka uphakathi kokulinganiswa kwebhodi ngalinye kanye nokufaneleka kwenqubo. Ukufaneleka kwenqubo kusho ukuthi inani lilawulwa yinqubo futhi lithathwe amasampula; ukulinganiswa kwebhodi ngalinye kusho ukuthi yonke iyunithi iyalinganiswa, okunezindleko zangempela esikhathini somjikelezo. Zombili zisemthethweni, kodwa kufanele zibizwe ngokucacile kusilinganiso, ngoba "ama-passive afakiwe azoqinisekiswa" akuyona incazelo. Izinketho ezibanzi zokulinganisa amabhodi aqediwe zimbozwe ezindleleni zethu zokuhlola ze-PCB.

Ukuthola kanye Nokufaneleka Kwezingxenye ze-PCB Ezingenasivikelo Ezifakiwe

Lena yingxenye yama-passive afakiwe avame ukuguqula umklamo othembisayo ube uhlelo olumisiwe, futhi kufanelekile ukuyicubungula ngaphambi kokucaphuna.

• Ingxenye kumele icaciswe kahle. Akuyona “i-capacitor engu-100 nF 0402” kodwa umenzi kanye nenombolo yengxenye, ngoba inqubo yokushumeka kufanele ihambisane nobukhulu baleyo ngxenye ethile, ukubekezelela kwayo ukuphakama kanye ne-metallurgy yayo yokuphela.
• Ukulawulwa kwelothi kubaluleke kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zingaphakathi kwebhodi, ukushintsha komkhiqizi noma ukushintsha indawo yokukhiqiza kuyishintsho enkambisweni efanelekile, futhi kudinga ukulawulwa kunokuphathwa njengesinqumo sokuthenga.
• Ukutholakala kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba umklamo uqandiswe. Ingxenye etholakala kuphela esiteshini sokusabalalisa lapho inikezwa iyingozi kulo lonke uhlelo, futhi le ngozi ayibonakali kuze kube yilapho i-oda selifakiwe.
• Ukufaneleka kwenziwa ngokwakhiwa ngakunye, hhayi ngengxenye ngayinye. Uma isakhiwo nomndeni wezingxenye sezifanelekile, ukwengeza elinye inani elivela emndenini ofanayo kulula; ukwengeza uhlobo oluhlukile lwezingxenye kuyisiqinisekiso esisha. ukutholakala kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ihlanganisa indlela yokuthola nokukhiqiza okuphathwa ngayo ndawonye, ​​futhi indlela ebanzi ichazwe ekhasini lethu lamakhono okuthola.

Izindleko ze-PCB ezifakiwe, i-MOQ kanye nesikhathi sokuhola

Ama-passive afakiwe acashunwe ngokumelene nezindleko zokusetha kanye nezindleko ezingaphansi, futhi umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili mkhulu.

Izindleko zokusetha zivela ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi okufaka i-cavity, ukufakwa kwendawo, ukufaneleka kwenqubo kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kukhokhwa kanye, futhi yingakho uhlelo olunevolumu ephansi lungavamile ukuba lungabizi. Lapho umklamo unevolumu encane futhi ukusebenza okufanayo kungatholakala ngezingxenye ezimbalwa zobuso, indlela evamile ivame ukuba yindlela yokukhiqiza ewusizo kakhulu, kanye nomhlinzeki ocaphuna ama-passive afakiwe ohlelweni olunezingcezu ezingu-50 ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi ukuhweba akulona iqiniso kuwe.

Isikhathi sokuhola silandela indlela yenqubo kunokuba silandele izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukwengeza ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe ngokuvamile kusho okungenani umjikelezo owodwa owengeziwe wokulamina kanye nesinyathelo esengeziwe sokwakha, futhi izinto ezibonakalayo zingaba yi-laminate engeyona ejwayelekile enesikhathi sayo sokuhola sokuthenga. Isiqondiso sethu sesikhathi sokuhola se-laminate sihlanganisa uhlangothi lwezinto ezibonakalayo zalokho, futhi umphumela wokukhetha izinto ebhodini lonke uhlanganiswe ekubukeni kwethu kwezinto ze-PCB.

Indlela ehlanzekile yokuhlola ukuthi umklamo uyakufanelekela yini ukuguqulwa ukubiza zombili izinguqulo uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo wohlelo lwangempela, kufaka phakathi izindleko zokuhlanganisa ezilondoloziwe. Lokho kuqhathanisa kuvame ukuba yinto enqumayo, futhi kuyafaneleka ukucela umenzi wezinto ukuba akwenze kunokwamukela intengo eyodwa yenketho efakiwe.

Izingxenye Ezihlanganisiwe Ezingasebenzi vs Izingxenyana Ezihlanganisiwe

Lezi ezimbili zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngoba zombili zifaka okuthile ebhodini. Zihlukile ngokwesakhiwo, futhi umehluko kulula ukuwuphuthelwa emdwebweni.

• I-passive efakiwe: izingxenye ezihlukile ezingasebenzi noma i-capacitance ye-plane-pair, ehlanganiswe ne-laminate. Ibhodi lihlala liyingcezu eyodwa. Umsebenzi uhlala ku-dielectric noma engxenyeni engaphakathi kwalo.
• I-substrate efakiwe: ibhodi noma imojuli ehlukile ebekwe endaweni yokuphumula futhi ixhunywe kumphathi, ngakho-ke i-assembly iqukethe isekethe esebenzayo ngaphakathi kwayo. Lona ukwakhiwa okuchazwe ekhasini lethu le-PCB le-substrate ehlanganisiwe.

Ukukhetha kuvame ukucaca uma sekushiwo. Uma umgomo uwukukhulula indawo engaphezulu nokunciphisa ukungena kwe-parasitic, i-embedded passive iyakufeza lokho. Uma umgomo uwukuhlanganisa i-module ephelele ebhodini, i-embedded substrate yindlela yokwakha eyenza lokho.

Umkhiqizi we-PCB Ongasebenzi Ofakiwe Wokubuyekezwa Kokwenzeka kanye Nezilinganiso

Kumaqembu afuna umenzi we-PCB ongasebenzi , i-Highleap ingabuyekeza isakhiwo esifakiwe esihlosiwe kanye nezidingo zokwenziwa kwe-PCB ezihambisanayo. I-RFQ kufanele ibone ukuthi umklamo usebenzisa i -PCB engasebenzi , i -PCB engasebenzi , i-capacitance efihliwe, ungqimba lokumelana oluphrintiwe noma enye indlela echaziwe. La magama achaza ukwakheka okuhlukene, ngakho-ke isisho kufanele sisho ubuchwepheshe obuphakanyisiwe kunokuphatha "i-passive efakiwe" njengenqubo eyodwa ejwayelekile.

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso sokukhiqiza se-PCB esifakiwe , nikeza i-stackup ephelele, ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo, amanani angasebenzi kanye nokubekezelelana, i-voltage yokusebenza noma yamanje, izidingo zokushisa kanye nemvamisa lapho kufanele khona, i-geometry yokuxhumana, ukufinyelela kokuhlola kanye nobuningi. Uma iphrojekthi isesigabeni se-prototype, chaza ukuthi inhloso ukwakha okungenzeka, isampula yobunjiniyela, indawo yokufaneleka noma ukukhishwa kokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nemikhawulo yokwamukelwa kufanele kuvunyelwane ngayo ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kokuqala.

Insizakalo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB ye-Highleap ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwebhodi eligcwele izingqimba eziningi, kuyilapho isibuyekezo se-PCB DFM singasiza ekuboneni ulwazi lomklamo olungekho ngaphambi kokukhishwa. Kumaphrojekthi e-turnkey afaka nezingxenye ezifakwe phezulu, hlanganisa i-BOM kanye nobubanzi bomhlangano ngezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa ze-PCB . Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe kanye nezidingo zokufaneleka kumele ziqinisekiswe ngokumelene nomklamo othunyelwe.

• Iphakheji yesilinganiso: Amafayela e-Gerber/ODB++, i-stackup ephelele, uhlobo olungasebenzi kanye namanani, ukubekezelelana, izinto zokwakha, izimo zokusebenza, imininingwane yokuxhumana, uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nevolumu elindelekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yokukhiqiza ye-Passive PCB Efakiwe

Ingabe kukhona ingxenye engafakwa?

Cha. Ingxenye noma izinto ezingasebenzi kumele zihambisane nomjikelezo ophelele we-lamination, futhi ukuxhumana kwayo kagesi kumele kuhlale kuthembekile ngemva kokucindezela. Ukufaneleka kufanele kusebenzise ingxenye ethile noma izinto, i-stackup, iphrofayili ye-lamination kanye nezindlela zokuhlola kunokucabanga ukuthi isigaba sephakheji sonke siyafaneleka.

Amanani alawulwa kanjani uma engaphakathi kwebhodi?

Ngenqubo, nangokuthatha amasampula. Ikhuphoni noma isakhiwo sokuhlola esakhiwe ngephaneli siqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ibamba inani nokubekezelelana, futhi uhlelo lokuthatha amasampula luyavunyelwana. Kuhlelo lapho iyunithi ngayinye kufanele ilinganiswe, lokho kufanele kuchazwe, ngoba kushintsha izindleko kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo.

Ingabe ama-passive afakiwe ayawuthinta yini umthelela wemikhondo eseduze?

Bangakwenza. I-capacitance ye-plane-pair yethula i-capacitance ye-shunt ezindizeni eziphezu kwaleso sifunda, okushintsha i-impedance ye-trace egijima ngaphezu kwayo. Uma umklamo une-controlled-impedance routing eduze kwesendlalelo se-capacitor esifakiwe, i-impedance stackup idinga ukuyicabangela.

Ingabe ibhodi elihlanganisiwe elingahlanganiswa futhi lihlolwe ngokujwayelekile?

Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinto evamile, ngoba akukho lutho olwengeziwe ebusweni. Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukucatshangelwa: ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ingase ingafinyeleleki ngethuluzi lokuhlola, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo noma isakhiwo sokuhlola ngokuvamile kuyimpendulo. Uma kudingeka ukumbozwa kokuhlolwa kwesekethe, lokho kuyi-input design futhi kufanele kuxazululwe kusenesikhathi.

Kuthiwani uma umhlinzeki wangaphambilini enqaba ukwakha?

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu ukwakhiwa okungasekelwa ngempela, ingxenye engafaneleki ukushumeka, noma ivolumu yohlelo engaphansi komkhawulo wezomnotho. Zonke ezintathu zisemthethweni. Umbuzo ofanele ukubuzwa ukuthi iyiphi kwezintathu, ngoba eyokuqala iyimpendulo yobuchwepheshe, eyesibili ushintsho lomklamo, kanti eyesithathu yisinqumo sezentengiselwano. Ukuthumela i-Gerber, i-stackup kanye nezinombolo zezingxenye ezithile ngokuvamile kuzozihlukanisa ngokushesha.