Amabhethri Esifunda Esiqinile: Ukushintsha Kwegeyimu Yezimoto zikagesi

Imboni yezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) ibone intuthuko enkulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, eqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri. Emgogodleni wezimoto eziningi zikagesi zesimanje kukhona ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, obekuyizinga lemboni iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isidingo se-EV sikhula futhi okulindelwe ukusebenza kwanda, uhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe bebhethri luyavela njengoshintsho lwegeyimu olungaba khona: amabhethri esimo esiqinile.

Amabhethri e-Solid-state (SSBs) amelela umkhawulo omusha wokugcina amandla, anikeza ukuthuthuka kobuningi bamandla, ukuphepha, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi njengamanje. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlola izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zamabhethri e-solid state, ikakhulukazi kumongo wezimoto zikagesi, futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani angase abe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kubakhiqizi be-EV maduze nje.

Izisekelo zamabhethri e-Solid-State

Emgogodleni wawo, amabhethri esimo esiqinile ahlanganyela izingxenye ezifanayo eziyisisekelo njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko: i-cathode, i-anode, ne-electrolyte eyenza ukunyakaza kwama-ion phakathi kwakho kokubili. Kodwa-ke, umehluko oyinhloko yi-electrolyte. Emabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-electrolyte inguketshezi, ethwala izingozi nemikhawulo engokwemvelo. Amabhethri esimo esiqinile ashintsha le electrolyte ewuketshezi afake into eqinile, engaba i-ceramic, i-polymer, noma ingilazi.

This seemingly small modification significantly alters the battery’s performance and safety profile, making it an attractive option for izimoto kagesi.

Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-Solid-State Over Lithium-Ion Battery

1. Higher Energy Density

Inzuzo esheshayo nenomthelela kakhulu yamabhethri esimo esiqinile ukuminyana kwawo kwamandla aphezulu. Ukuminyana kwamandla inani lamandla ibhethri elingawagcina ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo noma ivolumu, futhi kuyisici esibalulekile ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi njengoba lithonya ngokuqondile ibanga lokushayela kwemoto.

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anamandla okugcina amandla amaningi endaweni efanayo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium metal anode esikhundleni se-graphite anode evame ukutholakala kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ukuminyana kwamandla ensimbi ye-lithium (3,860 mAh/g) kudlula kude lokho kwegraphite (372 mAh/g), ehlinzeka cishe ngokuphindwe kashumi komthamo othize.

Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri e-solid-state angandisa kakhulu ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi. Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje evamise ukuba nokuminyana kwamandla okungaba ngu-250-300 Wh/kg, amabhethri esimo esiqinile angakwazi ukuzuza ngokusobala ukuminyana kwamandla okungu-500 Wh/kg noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungaphinda kabili ibanga lokushayela lezimoto zikagesi ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi webhethri noma isisindo.

Isibonelo, imoto kagesi enobubanzi bamamayela angu-300 isebenzisa ibhethri le-lithium-ion ingakwazi ukubona ububanzi bayo bunwetshwa kumamayela angu-600 ngesigxivizo sebhethri esifanayo sisebenzisa ibhethri lesimo esiqinile. Lokhu kubhekana nokukodwa okukhathazayo okuyinhloko kwabathengi be-EV—ukukhathazeka kobubanzi—futhi kwenza izimoto zikagesi zibe inketho esebenzisekayo yokushayela amabanga amade.

2. Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yamabhethri esimo esiqinile iphrofayili yawo yokuphepha ethuthukisiwe. Enye yezingozi ezinkulu ezihambisana namabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuvutha kwe-electrolyte ewuketshezi. Ezimweni lapho ibhethri le-lithium-ion libhobokile, lonakaliswa, noma lithola ukushisa okukhulu, i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ingavutha, okuholela ekubalekeni okushisayo ngisho nemililo.

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anciphisa le ngozi ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile, engashi. Lokhu kuqeda imbangela eyinhloko yokusha kwebhethri futhi kwenza amabhethri esimo esiqinile aphephe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi lapho ukuphepha kwebhethri kubalulekile ngenxa yezidingo zamandla aphezulu kanye namaphakethe amakhulu ebhethri ahilelekile.

Ukwengeza, ama-electrolyte aqinile-state asebenza kangcono ekucindezeleni ukwakheka kwe-dendrite. Ama-dendrites ayizakhiwo ezifana nenaliti ze-lithium ezingakheka ngesikhathi sokushaja futhi zingangena kusihlukanisi phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode, kubangele izifunda ezimfushane. Ukwakhiwa kwe-dendrite kuyinkinga evamile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuholela ezingozini zokuphepha kanye nokonakaliswa kwebhethri. I-electrolyte eqinile kumabhethri esimo esiqinile imelana kakhulu nokukhula kwe-dendrite, ithuthukisa nakakhulu ukuphepha kwebhethri nempilo ende.

3. Ukuphila Okude

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile nawo kulindeleke ukuthi abe nempilo yomjikelezo omude kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-electrolyte ewuketshezi iyona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela ekuncipheni kancane kancane komthamo webhethri ngemva kokushaja okuphindaphindiwe nemijikelezo yokukhipha. Ama-electrolyte e-Solid-state azinzile kakhulu kumakhemikhali, ehlisa izinga lokuwohloka.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri esimo esiqinile angabekezelela imijikelezo eminingi yokushajwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukusebenza kwawo kuqale ukonakala. Ezimotweni zikagesi, lokhu kuhumusha impilo yebhethri ende, okuvumela ibhethri ukuthi lihlale impilo yonke yemoto ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umthamo omkhulu. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile kubathengi, njengoba ukufaka esikhundleni sebhethri le-EV kungabiza futhi kuphazamise.

4. Ibanga Lokushisa Lokusebenza Elibanzi

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anikeza inzuzo yokusebenza kahle ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlangabezana nokuwohloka kokusebenza emazingeni okushisa adlulele. Ezimweni ezibandayo, ama-electrolyte awuketshezi angaba yiqhwa, anciphise amandla ebhethri okuletha amandla, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela i-electrolyte ukuba ihwamuke, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhethri esimo esiqinile azinzile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi, okuwenza alungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zesimo sezulu. Izimoto zikagesi ezifakwe amabhethri esimo esiqinile zingasebenza kangcono ebusika obubandayo nasehlobo elishisayo, ziphinde zandise ukukhanga kwazo emakethe yomhlaba wonke.

5. Isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo

Enye yezingqinamba zokwamukelwa ngobuningi kwezimoto zikagesi isikhathi esisithathayo ukushaja ibhethri. Nakuba sekwenziwe inqubekelaphambili ngobuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukushajwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaka uphethiloli emotweni esebenza ngophethiloli.

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile anikeza amandla okushaja ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-electrolyte eqinile imelana kakhulu nokushisa nokwakheka kwe-dendrite, ingakwazi ukuphatha ngokuphephile ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje, okuvumela izilinganiso zokushaja ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri esimo esiqinile kungenzeka zishajwe engxenyeni yesikhathi esisithathayo ukushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, kuthuthuke ngcono ukuba lula kokuba nemoto kagesi.

6. Dendrite Ukucindezelwa

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukwakheka kwe-dendrite kuyinkinga ebucayi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i-lithium metal anode. Ama-dendrite angakhula nge-electrolyte ewuketshezi, okuholela kumasekhethi amafushane futhi okungenzeka kubangele ukuthi ibhethri lihluleke noma libambe umlilo.

Ama-electrolyte aqinile asetshenziswa kumabhethri esimo esiqinile asebenza kangcono kakhulu ekucindezeleni ukukhula kwe-dendrite. Izinto eziqinile azingenwa kalula yi-lithium dendrites, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bezifunda ezimfushane. Lokhu kwenza amabhethri esimo esiqinile angagcini nje ngokuphepha kodwa futhi athembeke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

7. Okukhulu Kakhulu Nokuguquguquka Komklamo

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile nawo anikezela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu ezintweni zokwakha kanye nomklamo. Njengoba i-electrolyte eqinile izinze kakhudlwana, abacwaningi bangahlola uhla olubanzi lwezinto ze-electrode ezingeke zenzeke kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhambisana nama-electrolyte anguketshezi.

Isibonelo, izinto ze-cathode zamandla aphezulu zingasetshenziswa kumabhethri wesimo esiqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana kwamandla. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuphinde kuvumele imiklamo emisha yebhethri enganciphisa isisindo nesikhala, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kagesi.

Umthelela Wokukhiqizwa Kwebhethri Lesifunda Esiqinile Emikhiqizweni Ephansi

Njengoba amabhethri e-solid-state (SSBs) esondela ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, umthelela we-ripple ezimbonini ezihlukene ezisezansi nomfula uzojula, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nengqalasizinda kagesi kanye namandla. Ukuminyana kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, ukuphepha, nokusebenza kwama-SSB kusethelwe ukuguqula imikhakha eminingana ebalulekile. Ngokuhlaziya amathrendi ezimakethe kanye nokusebenzisa idatha enkulu, singabikezela ukukhula kanye nesidingo “esiqhumayo” semikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nezinsizakalo eziboshelwe ngqo empumelelweni yamabhethri ombuso oqinile.

1. Ukudayiswa Kwezimoto zikagesi (EV).

Omunye wabahlomuli abaqondile kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri lesimo esiqinile kuzoba imboni yezimoto zikagesi (EV). Ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kwama-SSB kuzovumela amabanga okushayela amade, izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe—ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwabangaba abathengi be-EV. Ngokusho kokuqagela kwedatha okukhulu okuvela ezinkundleni zezibalo zemakethe, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kuphindeke kabili kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, okuqhutshwa ingxenye enkulu yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bebhethri, okuhlanganisa nama-SSB.

Ukwethulwa kwama-SSB kungase kube yiphuzu elinikeza ama-EV endaweni evamile, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho ingqalasizinda yokukhathazeka nokushaja kube yizithiyo ezinkulu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoToyota, Volkswagen, kanye ne-BMW sebevele betshala imali eningi kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimo esiqinile, futhi njengoba lawa mabhethri efinyelela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, singalindela ukwamukelwa okusheshayo kwama-EV, okungenzeka asheshise uguquko olusuka ezimotweni zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

2. Ukuqhuma Kwengqalasizinda yokushaja ye-EV

Ngokukhuphuka okulindelekile kwezimoto zikagesi ezinikwa amandla amabhethri e-solid-state, kuzoba nokwenyuka okuhambisanayo kwesidingo seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV. Njengoba ama-SSB esekela izilinganiso zokushaja ngokushesha, idizayini yengqalasizinda yokushaja izothuthuka ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo samashaja ashesha kakhulu akwazi ukushaja izimoto kabusha ngemizuzu esikhundleni samahora.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kukhombisa ukuthi imakethe yengqalasizinda eshajayo ye-EV kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngaphezu kwama-30% ngonyaka. Amazwe anemakethe ye-EV ebalulekile, njenge-China, i-United States, kanye namazwe amaningana ase-Europe, asevele ahlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuzo zombili iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi nezizimele. Njengoba ama-SSB asakazeka kakhulu, sizobona ukwanda okukhulu kwamashaja asheshayo e-DC akwazi ukuletha amandla aphezulu adingekayo ukuze sisebenzise ngokugcwele amandla okushaja asheshayo alawa mabhethri athuthukisiwe.

Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwingqalasizinda eshajayo kuzoba yinto ehamba phambili, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kweziteshi zokushaja ezisebenza ngamandla elanga kanye nezizimele. Lokhu kuzophinde kugqugquzele isidingo sama-inverter kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kwenze iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo nangokusimeme.

3. Ukukhula kwama-Inverters kanye ne-Power Electronics

Amabhethri e-Solid-state azoba nemiphumela ebalulekile kuma -electronics kagesi , ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwama-inverter. Ama-inverter ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuguqula amandla e-DC agcinwe kumabhethri abe amandla e-AC asetshenziswa izinhlelo eziningi zikagesi. Ngokungeniswa kwama-SSB ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, isidingo sama-inverter asebenza kahle kakhulu sizokhula kakhulu.

Ukuqagela kwedatha enkulu kukhombisa ukuthi imakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngenani laminyaka yonke le-15-20% eminyakeni ezayo, ngokugxila okukhethekile ezimotweni zikagesi, izinhlelo zamandla elanga, kanye nezixazululo zokugcina amandla. Amabhethri esimo esiqinile azodinga iziguquli ezithuthukisiwe ezikwazi ukuphatha ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye namazinga okushaja/wokukhipha asheshayo. Lokhu kuzoqhuba ukuqanjwa kabusha kogesi wamandla, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-inverter ahlangene, asebenza kahle, futhi ahlala isikhathi eside afanele ama-EV kanye nezicelo zamandla avuselelekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bemoto-to-grid (V2G) budlanga kakhulu, buvumela ama-EV ukuthi abuyisele ugesi kugridi, ama-inverter azodlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwamandla e-bi-directional. Lokhu kuzophinde kukhuphule isidingo sama-inverter ahlakaniphile anamakhono athuthukisiwe okuxhumana nokulawula.

4. Isidingo Esikhulisiwe Sezinhlelo Zokulawula Ibhethri (BMS)

Amabhethri e-solid-state aletha izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezintsha mayelana nokuphathwa kokushisa, ukulinganisa kwe-state-of-charge, kanye nokulawulwa kwesistimu iyonke. Lokhu kuzoholela esidingweni esikhulayo se-Battery Management Systems (BMS) engaqapha ngempumelelo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwama-SSB ezimotweni zikagesi, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kanye nezinto zikagesi zabathengi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu evela emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi kuphakamisa ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-BMS izokhula kakhulu ngokuhambisana nokwamukelwa kwamabhethri e-state-state, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimoto. Ubuchwepheshe be-BMS kuzodingeka buthuthuke ukuze bubhekane nezakhiwo ezihlukile zama-SSB, okuhlanganisa nokuphatha ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezidingo zokuphepha eziqine kakhulu zalawa mabhethri. Izinkampani ezakha isizukulwane esilandelayo sezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ze-BMS nezisombululo zesofthiwe cishe zizobona ukukhula njengoba amabhethri e-solid state eqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

5. Isitoreji Samandla Avuselelekayo kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwegridi

Enye yezinselelo ezibucayi ekwamukelweni kwamandla avuselelekayo ukuhamba kancane kwemithombo efana namandla elanga nawomoya. Amabhethri esimo esiqinile, anokuphila kwawo okude, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, namandla okushisa angcono, kulindeleke ukuthi abe yisixazululo esithandwayo sokulondoloza amandla esikalini segridi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukulungisa ukuguquguquka ekukhiqizeni amandla futhi kuqinisekise ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile, nanoma ilanga lingashisi noma umoya ungavunguzi.

Amamodeli amakhulu edatha abikezela ukwanda okukhulu komthamo wokugcina amandla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezitshala imali enkulu kungqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayo, njenge-European Union, China, nezingxenye zase-United States. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngenani lama-20-25% ngonyaka, iqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bamabhethri e-solid state. Izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwegridi zizobona amathuba okukhula amakhulu njengoba kwanda isidingo sezixazululo zesitoreji esikhulu.

6. I-Electronics Yabathengi kanye Nezinto Ezigqokwayo

Izinzuzo zamabhethri esimo esiqinile—njengokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo ende, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe—zizoba nomthelela omkhulu embonini ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi. Amadivayisi afana nama-smartphones, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, okugqokekayo, namathebulethi angabona ukuthuthuka okukhulu empilweni yebhethri kanye nesici sefomu, okuholela emikhiqizweni emincane, elula, nehlala isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu evela kumkhakha wama-elekthronikhi wabathengi kubonisa ukuthi abakhiqizi sebevele bahlola ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile kumadivayisi asezingeni eliphezulu. Lolu shintsho lungase lubangele isizukulwane esisha samagajethi omthengi adinga ukushajwa okungajwayelekile kuyilapho enikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Ukwengeza, ingcuphe encishisiwe yokushisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehluleka kwebhethri kuzokwenza amabhethri esimo esiqinile abe inketho ekhangayo kumadivayisi ezokwelapha agqokekayo, lapho ukwethembeka nokuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu.

7. Ukukhuphuka Kwezinto Ezisebenza Kahle Ezonga Amandla Namadivayisi Ahlakaniphile

Njengoba amabhethri esimo esiqinile anika amandla izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezihlangene nezisebenza kahle, singalindela ukwanda kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya kanye nezinto zikagesi ezonga amandla. Imikhiqizo esukela kuma-smart thermostat namasistimu okuvikela kuya kuma-drones azimele kanye nezihlanzi zamarobhothi izozuza ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwamandla okunikezwa ama-SSB.

Ngokukhula kwe-Intanethi Yezinto ( IoT ) kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile, isidingo samabhethri athembekile, ahlala isikhathi eside kumadivayisi axhunyiwe sizobona ukukhula okukhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kusikisela ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamakhaya ahlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (i-CAGR) esingu-25-30% eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, okuqhutshwa ngokwengxenye amakhono athuthukisiwe amabhethri aqinile. Lokhu kuzovula amathuba amasha okusungula izinto ezintsha kokubili emikhakheni ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi kanye neyokuzenzakalela kwasekhaya.

Ngokuhlela ukukhiqiza, kuyasiza futhi ukuqhathanisa lesi sihloko nokuthola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-MCPCB ngaphambi kokuqedela iphakheji yokukhiqiza noma yokuhlanganisa.

Isiphetho

Amabhethri e-solid state anamandla amakhulu okuguqula imboni yezimoto zikagesi. Ukuminyana kwazo okuphezulu kwamandla, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, isikhathi eside sokuphila, kanye nesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo kubenza babe enye indlela ekhangayo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion abusa imakethe njengamanje. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bamabhethri e-solid-state kuzophinde kuholele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo semikhiqizo esezansi nomfula njengama-EV, ingqalasizinda eshajayo, ama-inverter, nezixazululo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo.

Uma inkampani yakho idinga amabhodi okuphakela amandla, amabhodi okuvikela ibhethri, nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda, i-Highleap Electronic, umkhiqizi we-PCB & PCBA ohamba phambili, ilungele ukusiza. Sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni noma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zamaphrojekthi akho, kuhlanganise nalawo ezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhethri lesimo esiqinile. Ngamakhono ethu okukhiqiza athuthukile nokuzibophezela ekunembeni, i-Highleap Electronic iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiklamo yakho yebhodi lesifunda yenziwa iphile ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu nokwethembeka.