Umkhiqizi we-PCB Wezingqimba Eziyi-10 we-Rigid, Flex kanye ne-Rigid-Flex

Umkhiqizi we-PCB onezingqimba eziyi-10 uvame ukuhlolwa njengomlingani ongaba khona wokuhlinzeka, hhayi njengomthombo wolwazi olujwayelekile mayelana namabhodi anezingqimba eziningi. Isinqumo sokuthenga sincike ekutheni umhlinzeki angakwazi yini ukukhiqiza ukwakhiwa okudingekayo, abukeze umklamo ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, alawule izinto zokwakha kanye nezinguquko zenqubo, avikele idatha yephrojekthi, ahlangabezane nesheduli edingekayo, anikeze ubufakazi bokuhlola obuwusizo futhi aphendule ngempumelelo lapho kuvela inkinga yobuchwepheshe noma yokulethwa.

Umkhiqizi we-PCB Wezingqimba Eziyi-10 Wamabhodi Aqinile, Aguquguqukayo kanye Naqinile

Izendlalelo zethusi eziyishumi zingasetshenziswa ezakhiweni eziningana zemishini. Ukukhetha umhlinzeki kuqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi yikuphi ukwakhiwa okudingekayo nokuthi ngabe umenzi ulawula inqubo ephelele noma uthembele emisebenzini yangaphandle ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile.

Ingabe umenzi oyedwa angakwazi ukusekela zonke izakhiwo ezintathu ezinezingqimba eziyi-10?

Umhlinzeki anganikeza amabhodi aqinile, aguquguqukayo naqinile ngaphansi kwenhlangano eyodwa yezentengiselwano, kodwa ikhono lenqubo eliyisisekelo kufanele libuyekezwe ngokwehlukana. Ukukhiqizwa okuqinile kwezingqimba eziningi akubonisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhono lokumboza, ukuziphatha kwethusi okuguquguqukayo, ukubopha okuqinile noma ukulawula ukuguquka okuqinile. Ngokufanayo, umhlinzeki oguquguqukayo angase angahlonyiselwa izingxenye eziqinile ezilawulwayo-impedance ezilahlekelwa yisisindo esiphansi, ama-microvia agcwele noma ukubhoboza emuva kwefomethi enkulu.

Kumaphrojekthi asebenzisa ukwakhiwa okungaphezu koyedwa, inzuzo yomhlinzeki oyedwa ubunikazi obuvamile bobunjiniyela, ukulawulwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokuxhumana kwekhwalithi okulula. Inzuzo ikhona kuphela uma umhlinzeki engabonisa indlela yenqubo efanele, izinto ezifanelekayo kanye nobunikazi bobunjiniyela obunomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakhiwa ngakunye.

I-PCB eqinile enezingqimba eziyi-10 ikhetha nini i-ohm

Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kuvame ukukhethwa uma ibhodi lihlala liqinile ngomshini futhi lingahlangabezana nezidingo zomzila, zikagesi nezokushisa ngaphandle kwezifunda eziguquguqukayo zokuxhumanisa. Izimbobo ezivamile ezifakwe ipulasitiki zingase zanele ubuningi bezingxenye obuphakathi. I-HDI, i-via-in-pad, i-blind noma i-breadwicked vias kanye ne-back-drilling kungangezwa lapho ukuphuma kwephakheji, ukubuyiselwa kwesiteshi somzila noma ukusebenza kwesiteshi kudinga lokho. Izinqumo zobuchwepheshe ezinemininingwane zifanele umhlahlandlela we -PCB stackup wezingqimba eziyi-10 , umhlahlandlela we-PCB we-HDI wezingqimba eziyi-10 kanye nomhlahlandlela we-controlled-impedance.

I-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10 noma i-rigid-flex ilungiswa nini?

Ukwakhiwa okuguquguqukayo noma okuqinile kufaneleka ngokwakhiwa kwemishini komkhiqizo, hhayi ngokubalwa kwezingqimba kuphela. Kungasusa izixhumi, kunciphise ukuhlanganiswa kwekhebula, kuthuthukise ubuningi bokupakisha futhi kuhlinzeke ngendlela elawulwayo yokugoba noma yokuhamba. Umhlinzeki kumele azi ukuthi i-flex igobile kanye ngesikhathi sokufakwa, igobile ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma iqhutshwa ngebhayisikili njalo lapho kusetshenzwa. Lezo zimo zithinta uhlobo lwethusi, i-geometry yokugoba, ukusatshalaliswa kwezingqimba, i-coverlay, uhlelo lokunamathela, ukubekwa kwe-stiffener kanye nokufaneleka.

Izendlalelo eziyishumi eziqhubayo zakha ingxenye eguquguqukayo ebanzi kakhulu. Umklamo odinga ukugoba okuphindaphindiwe ungadinga ukuncishiswa kwezingqimba zendawo, ukwakhiwa kwe-bookbinder, ukubopha okukhethiwe, ubude bezingqimba ezihleliwe noma olunye uhlaka kunokuba kube nokugoba okuhlanganisiwe ngokugcwele kwezingqimba eziyishumi kuyo yonke indawo yokugoba. Umkhiqizi onekhono kufanele athole le ngozi ngaphambi kokucaphuna kunokwamukela imfuneko yokugoba engenangqondo.

Indlela Yokukhetha Umkhiqizi we-PCB Wezingqimba Eziyi-10

Umhlinzeki ongcono kakhulu akuyona ifektri ekhangisa isici esincane kakhulu noma isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuhola. Ukukhetha okulungile ngumkhiqizi omzila wakhe wenqubo, ukwesekwa kobunjiniyela, ubufakazi bekhwalithi kanye nezilawuli zezentengiselwano ezihambisana nengozi yephrojekthi.

Yini okufanele iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokufaka umenzi we-PCB ohlwini lomhlinzeki oluvunyiwe

• Ukumbozwa kokwakhiwa: isiqinisekiso sokuthi isakhiwo sangempela esiqinile, esigobile noma esiqinile singaphakathi kwenqubo elawulwa umhlinzeki.
• Impendulo yobunjiniyela: ukuhamba komsebenzi kwe-DFM okubhaliwe okunobunikazi obuqanjwe ngamagama be-stackup, impedance, izinto zokwakha, ama-via kanye nokukhishwa kwemishini.
• Ukulawulwa kwezinto: amamaki avunyiwe, ukutholakala kokwakhiwa, ukulandeleka kanye nenqubo yokushintsha ebhaliwe.
• Ubunikazi benqubo: ukubonakala kokuthi yiziphi imisebenzi eziqedwa ngaphakathi nokuthi yiziphi ezingaphansi kwenkontileka.
• Isistimu yekhwalithi: izitifiketi zamanje, ububanzi, ikheli lokukhiqiza kanye nokufaneleka komkhiqizo ohlongozwayo.
• Ubufakazi bokuhlolwa: imibiko yesampula ekhombisa indlela ukuhlolwa kukagesi, ukuvinjelwa, ukususwa kwengxenye encane, ubukhulu kanye namarekhodi ezinto ezisetshenziswayo abikwa ngayo.
• Izilawuli zobumfihlo: Ukusekelwa kwe-NDA, ukufinyelela amafayela okulawulwayo, ukuphathwa kokubuyekezwa kanye nemithetho yokugcina idatha kanye nokudalulwa kosonkontileka abangaphansi.
• Umthamo kanye nokuqhubeka: ukuhlela izinto ngesikhathi sokufika kwesikhathi, imishini yokusekelayo noma imizila efanelekile, ikhono losayizi wesabelo kanye nesaziso sokushintsha.
• Ukucaca kwezentengiselwano: izibikezelo ezibhaliwe, amathuluzi, izindleko eziphindaphindayo, isisekelo sempahla, imigomo yokukhokha kanye nokuphathwa kwezimangalo.

Izimangalo zamandla kufanele zihlolwe kanjani i-ohm

Amanani okusebenza kufanele ahlolwe njengeziguquguquko ezisebenzisanayo. Umzila omncane wethusi elincane ungase ungatholakali engqimbeni yethusi elisindayo. Imbobo encane yomshini ingamukeleka ebhodini elincane eliqinile kodwa ingafaneleki ngenqwaba ejiyile. Ububanzi be-microvia obusebenzayo ku-dielectric eyodwa bungase bungathembeki ekwakhekeni okujiyile. Ukubekezelelana kwe-impedance okuqinile kungafinyelelwa emgceni wangaphakathi kodwa kube nzima engqimbeni yangaphandle eboshwe ngemaski ye-solder kanye nobukhulu bethusi obuguquguqukayo.

Impendulo yomhlinzeki esekelwe kubunjiniyela ichaza lokhu kusebenzisana futhi iphakamisa ikhambi elingenziwa. Impendulo yokuthengisa kuphela iphinda amanani aphansi ahlukanisiwe ngaphandle kokuwaxhumanisa nobukhulu bebhodi, ithusi, usayizi wephaneli, izinto noma isigaba somkhiqizo.

Yibuphi ubufakazi obuwusizo kakhulu kunesethulo esijwayelekile sefektri ohm

Ubufakazi obuqondene nephrojekthi buwusizo kakhulu kunohlu olubanzi lwamakhono. Imibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu ifaka phakathi ukubuyekezwa kwe-DFM okunezincazelo, i-stackup ehlongozwayo, ithebula le-impedance eline-geometry yokukhiqiza, isitatimende esibalulekile, isifinyezo senqubo-umzila, uhlelo lwekhwalithi yesampula kanye nekhotheshini ekhomba ngokucacile izibikezelo kanye nokungafakwa. Kuphrojekthi enobungozi obukhulu, isihloko sokuqala esilawulwayo noma i-qualification lot inikeza ubufakazi obuqinile kunesimangalo esijwayelekile sokuthi amabhodi afanayo akhiqizwe.

I-10 Layer PCB DFM, Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Nokusekelwa Komklamo Ngaphambi Kokukhiqiza

Ukusekelwa kobunjiniyela bangaphambi kokukhiqiza yinsizakalo eyinhloko abathengi abayilindele kumkhiqizi we-PCB ofanelekayo onezingqimba eziyi-10. Inhloso akukhona ukuklama kabusha umkhiqizo wekhasimende ngaphandle kwemvume. Inhloso ukuguqula inhloso kagesi neyemishini ekhishwe ibe yisisekelo sokukhiqiza esiphindaphindwayo, ukuhlonza izingozi ezingaxazululwa nokuthola imvume ngaphambi kokuba izinto zenziwe noma idatha yokukhiqiza iqedwe.

Lesi sigaba sobunjiniyela sinethonya elikhulu kakhulu kushejuli, isivuno kanye nokuzinza kokunikezwa kwesikhathi eside. Ikhotheshini ekhishwe ngaphambi kokuba izinto, i-stackup, i-impedance, ngezidingo zokwakha kanye nemibhalo kuyaqondakala ukuthi ingashintsha ngemva kokubekwa kwe-oda. Ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela okuhlelekile kunciphisa leyo ngozi.

Yimaphi amafayela abuyekezwayo ngaphambi kokuba i-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10 ikhokhwe

Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kuvame ukusebenzisa idatha yokwenziwa, idatha yokubhoboza, umdwebo wokwenziwa, ulwazi lwe-stackup, izidingo ze-impedance, ukucaciswa kwezinto, izidingo zephaneli noma uhlu lokulethwa kanye nanoma yiziphi izigaba zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo othize. Idatha yokuhlanganisa ingadingeka futhi lapho iphimbo lengxenye, ukulingana kwesixhumi, izimbobo zokulingana ngokucindezela, izixhumi ezihlanganayo zokushisa noma ukufinyelela kwe-solder-joint kuthonya ukwakheka kwebhodi elingenalutho.

Umenzi usiza kanjani ukukhetha uhlelo lwezinto ezibonakalayo i-ohm

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuqala ngesidingo somkhiqizo, hhayi ngegama lomkhiqizo. Okufakiwe okufanele kufaka phakathi isabelomali sokulahlekelwa yisignali, ukuqina kwe-impedance, ukuvezwa kwezinga lokushisa lomhlangano, indawo yokusebenza, ukuthembeka kwembobo ehlanganisiwe, umsebenzi wokugoba, ukujiya okudingekayo, iphrofayili yethusi, isimo sokulawula, ukutholakala kanye nezindleko.

Kwibhodi eliqinile, ingxoxo ingaqhathanisa ukwakhiwa kwe-FR-4, i-high-Tg, i-mid-loss, i-low-loss, i-RF noma i-hybrid efanelekile. Kwibhodi eliguquguqukayo, ukubuyekezwa kufaka phakathi i-polyimide engenanamathela noma esekelwe ku-adhesive, ithusi eligoqiwe noma elifakwe i-electrodeposited, i-coverlay, i-bondply, i-shield film kanye nezinto zokuqinisa. Kwibhodi eliqinile, isethi ephelele yezinto kumele ihambisane ne-lamination kanye nokucubungula okulandelayo; ukukhetha into ngayinye ngokuzimela akwanele.

Umthwalo wemfanelo womenzi ukunikeza ulwazi oluqondene nokwakhiwa: inhlanganisela eyinhloko neyokulungiselela kusengaphambili etholakalayo, ukujiya okulindelekile okucindezelwe, uhlobo lwethusi, imikhawulo yokucubungula, isimo sokuhlinzeka kanye nezinye izindlela ezivunyiwe. Ikhasimende ligcina ukulawula izidingo zokusebenza kanye nanoma yimuphi umthetho wokungashintshi. Ubunjiniyela obunemininingwane be-laminate buhlanganiswe kumhlahlandlela wezinto ze-PCB ezinezingqimba eziyi-10.

Kwenzekani uma izinto eziceliwe zingatholakali ohm

Ukutholakala kwezinto zokwakha kufanele kuxazululwe ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe isheduli ye-oda. Umhlinzeki kufanele athole ukuthi izinga eliqondile kanye nokwakhiwa kuyatholakala yini, kuyatholakala kumkhiqizi we-laminate, kuncike ekuthengweni okuncane noma kunqunyelwe ukwabiwa. Okunye akufanele kwethulwe ngoba nje kunesigaba sokumaketha esifanayo.

Kufanele kuqhathaniswe indawo esikhundleni esihlongozwayo somklamo i-Dk, isici sokusabalalisa, izici zokushisa, ukunwetshwa kwe-Z-axis, ukwakhiwa kwengilazi, okuqukethwe kwe-resin, ukunamathela kwethusi, iphrofayili yethusi, ubukhulu obutholakalayo, ukuhambisana kokucubungula kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuqashelwa kokuphepha okudingekayo. Imodeli ye-impedance kanye ne-stackup kungadinga ukubalwa kabusha. Isinqumo sokushintsha kufanele sibhalwe phansi futhi sivunywe ngokwenqubomgomo yokulawula ushintsho lwekhasimende.

Ukusekelwa kwe-stackup kunciphisa kanjani ukwakheka nokuthengwa kwe-riskohm

I-stackup eyenziwe ngumkhiqizi ivumelanisa imodeli kagesi nezinto zokwakha ezingathengwa futhi zicindezelwe njalo. I-stack ehlongozwayo kufanele ikhombe yonke ingqimba yethusi, yonke igebe le-dielectric, umndeni wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko noma kwangaphambilini, ubukhulu obucindezelwe obujwayelekile, isisekelo sethusi kanye nomgomo wobukhulu obuqediwe. Kufanele futhi ikhombe ukuthi yiziphi izingqimba eziyizingqimba ezilawulwayo-impedance nokuthi yiziphi izindiza ezinikeza izinkomba zazo.

Ukubuyekezwa kwe-stackup kufanele kuqede izinkinga ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa:

• Ukuvalwa kukagesi: izakhiwo ezilawulwayo zingahlangabezana nomgomo ngobubanzi bemigqa ekhiqizwayo kanye nesikhala.
• Ukuvalwa kwemishini: izikhala eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-dielectric kanye nezendlalelo zethusi eziyishumi zingasondela ekuqineni okuqediwe okudingekayo futhi zihlale zilinganisiwe.
• Ukuvalwa kokunikezwa: izakhiwo ezihlongozwayo ziyatholakala futhi zingagcinwa ukuze kwenziwe ama-prototype nama-oda okukhiqiza.

Ikhasi eliyinhloko lomkhiqizi akufanele liphinde i-theory ephelele noma izakhiwo zesibonelo ezinikezwe kumhlahlandlela wokuklama i-PCB stackup enezingqimba eziyi-10 . Imfuneko yokuthenga ukuthi umhlinzeki abuyisele i-stackup ephelele, eqondene ne-oda futhi abone noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kumodeli yokuqala yekhasimende.

Izidingo ze-control-impedance ziguqulwa kanjani zibe idatha yokukhiqiza i-ohm

Umkhiqizi ubuyekeza i-target impedance, ukubekezelelana, ungqimba lwesignali, i-reference plane, uhlobo lomugqa wokudlulisela, ubukhulu bethusi, isimo se-solder-mask kanye ne-geometry ehlongozwayo. Ukubalwa bese kubuyekezwa ngezinto zokukhiqiza ezikhethiwe kanye namanani e-dielectric acindezelwe. Noma yiluphi ushintsho kububanzi bokulandelela noma isikhala esibhangqwe kufanele lwenziwe ngaphansi kwegunya lokulungisa umsebenzi wobuciko elivunyelwene ngalo nekhasimende.

Ukukhishwa kufanele kubonise ukuthi ubukhulu bububanzi bomklamo wekhasimende, ububanzi bomsebenzi wobuciko wefektri noma ububanzi obuqediwe obulindelwe. Kufanele futhi kuchaze ikhuphoni kanye nesidingo sokubika se-TDR lapho ukuqinisekiswa kwe-impedance kuyingxenye ye-oda. Indlela ephelele yobunjiniyela ifanelekela kumhlahlandlela wokulawula i-impedance ye-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10.

Yiziphi iziphakamiso zokuklama ezinganikezwa umenzi we-PCB

Ubunjiniyela bokukhiqiza bungaphakamisa izinguquko ezithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa, ukuthembeka noma ukuqhubeka kokunikezwa ngaphandle kokushintsha umsebenzi wesekethe. Izincomo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukulungisa izindawo ezizungezile, ama-antipad noma izindawo zokubhoboza zibe yithusi.
• Ukushintsha incazelo ye-via span, ilungiselelo le-microvia noma incazelo ye-via-fill.
• Ukufaka isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esikhundleni se-microvia engadingekile.
• Ukulinganisa kabusha ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi noma kwe-dielectric ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yomnsalo kanye nokusonteka.
• Ukuhambisa isakhiwo esilawulwayo esivimbelayo siye kwesendlalelo esizinzile kakhudlwana.
• Ukubuyekeza izimbobo zemaski ezisongelwayo noma amadamu emaski azungeze izingxenye ezigobile.
• Ukucacisa izici zokulingana kokucindezela, isinki esiphikisayo, esicwebezelisiwe, esinamathelisiwe onqenqemeni noma esilawulwayo.
• Ukushintsha ukuguquguquka, ukuphela kokuqina noma iphethini yethusi egobile.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaphaneli, ama-rail aqhekekile noma izici zamathuluzi.
• Ukuhlukanisa izidingo ezibalulekile nezintandokazi ezinezela izindleko ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubungozi bomkhiqizo.

Izincomo ezithinta isimo, ukulingana, umsebenzi, ukuziphatha kwesignali, ukufaneleka noma izinto ezivunyiwe zidinga ukuvunyelwa kwamakhasimende. Umenzi kufanele agcine umehluko ocacile phakathi kweseluleko se-DFM kanye nobunikazi bomklamo.

Izingozi eziqinile, eziguquguqukayo kanye neziqinile zibuyekezwa kanjani ngendlela ehlukile?

I-DFM yebhodi eliqinile igcizelela ibhalansi ye-lamination, ukuthembeka kwemigodi ebholiwe, ukubhaliswa, ukuvimba, ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi kanye nokukhiqiza kwephaneli. I-DFM yebhodi eliqinile yengeza isiqondiso sokugoba, irediyasi yokugoba, ukubalwa kwezingqimba ngokugoba, isiqondiso sezinhlamvu zethusi, i-coverlay, izinti, i-axis engathathi hlangothi, ithagethi yomjikelezo oguquguqukayo kanye nokunyakaza kobukhulu. I-DFM eqinile-flex ihlanganisa womabili amasethi ezingozi futhi yengeza ukuguquka okuqinile kuya kokugoba, ukuphela kwezingqimba eziguquguqukayo, ukubopha okugeleza okuphansi, ukulawula kokucindezela, ukugqagqana kokugoba kuya kokuqinile kanye nemikhawulo yokugcina yokwakha noma yokuhlanganisa.

Uhlu lokuhlola oluvamile alukwazi ukuthatha indawo yokubuyekezwa okuqondene nokwakhiwa. Irekhodi le-DFM elivunyiwe kufanele likhombe ukuthi yisiphi isifunda kanye nenqubo yokuphawula ngakunye okusebenza kuso.

Yini okufanele ivunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba izinto zikhishwe ohm

Isisekelo esincane sokuvunyelwa sihlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwedatha okubuyekeziwe, i-stackup evunyiwe, isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokushintshana, i-geometry yokukhiqizwa kwe-impedance, izincazelo ze-via kanye ne-drill, ukuqeda kwendawo, imaski ye-solder, izidingo zokwamukelwa, uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nombiko, izimo zephaneli noma zokulethwa, ukuphambuka okwaziwayo kanye neshejuli yokuhweba ezinikele. Imibuzo evulekile ethinta umsebenzi, ukuthembeka, izindleko noma ukulethwa kufanele ivalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza.

Izinketho Zokukhiqiza ze-PCB Ezingu-10 kanye Nemingcele Yenqubo

Ikhasi lomhlinzeki kufanele libonise ukuthi yimiphi imizila yokukhiqiza etholakalayo ngenkathi kugcinwa ubunjiniyela obunemininingwane emakhasini obuchwepheshe afanele. Indlela kufanele ikhethwe kusukela ekubuneni kwangempela, ugesi, ukushisa kanye nesidingo semishini.

Ingabe yonke i-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10 idinga i-HDIohm

Cha. I-HDI kufanele ixazulule inkinga echaziwe yomzila noma yokuphunyuka kwephakheji. Isakhiwo esivamile sivame ukonga kakhulu futhi kulula ukusifaneleka uma izimbobo zokudlula zingahlangabezana nezidingo zomzila, ukujiya kanye nesiteshi. Umenzi kufanele aqhathanise indawo, i-feniout, ukwabiwa kwezingqimba, i-antipad geometry kanye nezinye izindlela zokubala izingqimba ngaphambi kokufaka i-lamination elandelanayo.

Ingabe i-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10 ingasebenzisa izinto ezinciphisa ukulahlekelwa noma ezihlanganisiwe?

Yebo, uma isidingo sikagesi siqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha zilungile futhi i-hybrid stack ephelele ingakhiqizwa. Umhlinzeki kufanele aqinisekise ukwakhiwa kwengqimba yesiginali ekhethiwe, izinto zokwakha ibhondi, iphrofayili yethusi, ukuhambisana kwe-lamination, indlela yokubhoboza kanye ne-desmear, imodeli ye-impedance kanye nokutholakala kwezinto zokwakha. Ilebula yokulahlekelwa okuncane iyodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuhambisana nesiteshi.

Ingabe umklamo owodwa onezingqimba eziyishumi ungahlanganisa i-rigid, flex, HDI kanye ne-controlled impedanceohm

Lezi zici zingahlanganiswa, kodwa inqubo ngayinye eyengeziwe inciphisa ifasitela lokukhiqiza. Ibhodi le-HDI eliqinile eliguquguqukayo eline-impedance elawulwayo lidinga ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokusatshalaliswa kwe-flex-layer, i-lamination elandelanayo, ama-microvia spans, ukuguqulwa okuqinile kuya kokuguquguqukayo, ukujiya kwe-dielectric, uhlobo lwethusi kanye nokuziphatha kwe-impedance kuzo zonke izifunda ezahlukene. Ikhotheshini kufanele ikhombise umzila oqondile kanye nobufakazi bokufaneleka obudingekayo kunokuphatha izici njengezinketho ezizimele.

Ubumfihlo Bomklamo we-PCB, Ukuphepha Kwedatha kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwempahla Yobuhlakani

Amafayela e-PCB angaqukatha ukwakheka komkhiqizo, izixhumi zezingxenye, isu lamandla, ubukhulu obulawulwayo, ubunikazi bamakhasimende kanye nolwazi lomkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke ubumfihlo kufanele bubhekwe njengesihloko sokulawula umhlinzeki, hhayi nje kuphela njengomusho ojwayelekile ku-imeyili yokuthengisa.

Yiziphi izilawuli zobumfihlo okufanele zinikezwe umenzi we-PCB

• Isivumelwano sokungadalulwa esinikezwe yikhasimende noma esinikezwe yibo bobabili ngaphambi kokuba kudluliselwe amafayela abucayi.
• Ukufinyelela okulawulwayo kumafayela ephrojekthi ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzi.
• Izindlela zokudlulisa amafayela eziphephile kunezixhumanisi zomphakathi ezingalawulwa.
• Ukulawulwa kokubuyekezwa okuvimbela idatha esiphelelwe yisikhathi ukuthi ibuyele ekukhiqizweni.
• Imithetho echaziwe yokugcina, yokugcina kanye nokususa idatha yamakhasimende.
• Imithetho yokudalula nokugunyaza izinqubo ezikhethekile ezingaphansi kwenkontileka.
• Izilawuli zamaphaneli alahliwe, alahliwe, amathuluzi kanye nezimpawu zamakhasimende eziphrintiwe.
• Ubunikazi obucacile bedatha yamakhasimende, amathuluzi okukhiqiza kanye namafayela okusebenza akhiqizwe ngumkhiqizi.

Imisebenzi engaphansi kwenkontileka kufanele iphathwe kanjani ohm

Abanye abahlinzeki basebenzisa imithombo yangaphandle evunyiwe ukuze baqedele okukhethekile, imisebenzi ye-laser, ukucubungula izinto, ukuhlola noma umsebenzi webhubhoratri. Inkinga akuyona ukuba khona kosonkontileka omncane; ukuthi ngabe umsebenzi uyalawulwa yini. Umenzi kufanele athole izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezithathwe ngaphandle uma kudingeka, afanelekele umthombo, ahambisane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe nezobumfihlo ezifanele, alondoloze ukulandelelwa kwezindawo futhi ahlale enesibopho sokwamukelwa kokugcina.

Yini okufanele i-NDA imboze iphrojekthi ye-PCB

Isivumelwano kufanele sichaze ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe, abamukeli abagunyaziwe, ukuphathwa kwedatha yokukhiqiza etholakele, ukudalulwa kwabakhi benkontileka abagunyaziwe, isikhathi sokugcina, izidingo zokubuyisa noma zokubhubhisa kanye nezixazululo ngaphansi kwenkontileka ebusayo. Okulindelwe kokuphepha kwedatha okudlula izilawuli ezivamile zezentengiselwano kufanele kushiwo ngesikhathi sokufaneleka komhlinzeki ukuze umenzi akwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuthola amafayela anqunyelwe.

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi ye-PCB Yezingqimba Eziyi-10, Ukuhlolwa Nokulandelela

Izidingo zekhwalithi kufanele zihambisane nengozi yokwakha kanye nomkhiqizo. Ibhodi yezimboni eqinile, ikhadi lenethiwekhi elilawulwa yi-impedance kanye nomhlangano wezokwelapha oqinile kungadinga amakhuphoni ahlukene, imibiko kanye nemisebenzi yokufaneleka ngisho noma konke kunezingqimba zethusi eziyishumi.

Yimaphi amazinga asebenza kumabhodi aqinile, aguquguqukayo kanye naqinile ohm

Imibhalo yokuthenga kufanele iveze indinganiso efanele kanye nokubuyekezwa. Amabhodi aprintiwe aqinile avame ukuthengwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko ze-IPC-6012, kuyilapho amabhodi aguquguqukayo naqinile avame ukuthengwa ngokuvumelana ne-IPC-6013. I-IPC-A-600 inikeza isiqondiso sokwamukelwa kwebhodi eliphrintiwe futhi ayithathi indawo yencazelo yokusebenza komkhiqizo. Izidingo zamakhasimende, zezimoto, zezindiza, zezokwelapha, zesikhala noma zezempi zingangeza izigaba ezihlukile noma izinyathelo zokufaneleka. Imakethe ekhonzwa ngumkhiqizo wokugcina ayikhethi ngokuzenzakalelayo ikilasi.

Yiziphi izilawuli zokukhiqiza ezilindelekile ku-PCBohm enezingqimba eziyi-10

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezingenayo kanye nokuhlonza indawo.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ezingaphakathi kanye nokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kokubona lapho kufanele khona.
• Ukubhaliswa kwezingqimba kanye nokulawulwa kwe-lamination.
• Ukubhoboza, ukususa i-meadow, ukwenziwa kwensimbi kanye nokuqapha inqubo yokubeka i-plating.
• Izithombe zesendlalelo sangaphandle, imaski yokubopha kanye nokulawula ukuqeda ubuso.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kukagesi kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngokwe-oda.
• Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, iphrofayili, ukumakwa, ukubukeka kanye nokupakisha.
• Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okukhiqiza ngokwecebo lekhwalithi elivunyelwene ngalo.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti ekhwalithi angacelwa

Ukulandelela kufanele kuchazwe kanjani i-ohm

Ukulandelelwa kungafaka inombolo yengxenye yekhasimende, ukubuyekezwa, i-oda lokuthenga, indawo yokukhiqiza, ubunikazi bephaneli, indawo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhodi yosuku, ikhadi lomhambi noma lomzila, amarekhodi okuhlola kanye neqoqo lokuthunyelwa. Ukujula okudingekayo kuncike engcupheni yomkhiqizo futhi kufanele kushiwo ngaphambi kwekhotheshini ngoba ukuhlelwa kwe-serialization, ukugcinwa kwemibiko kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo kuthinta ukuhlela inqubo kanye nezindleko.

Izitifiketi ziqinisekiswa kanjani?

Izitifiketi kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi zisemthethweni yini, indawo yokukhiqiza, ububanzi bomsebenzi, ukusebenza kanye nokufaneleka kwenqubo ehlongozwayo. Isitifiketi sohlelo lwekhwalithi asiqinisekisi ukuthi yonke inqubo ekhethekile noma imfuneko yomkhiqizo iyavunywa. Amakhasimende alawulwayo kufanele acele amakhophi amanje futhi aqinisekise ukuthi noma iyiphi inqubo ebalulekile yenziwa kwenye indawo noma ngusonkontileka ongaphansi.

Isikhathi Sokuhola se-PCB Sezingqimba Eziyi-10, Umthamo kanye Nokuqhubeka Kokuphakelwa

Abathengi abafuna umenzi we-PCB onezingqimba eziyi-10 badinga uhlelo lokulethwa olungokoqobo, hhayi isitatimende esijwayelekile sokuthi wonke amabhodi anezingqimba eziyishumi abelana ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuhola. Isheduli yokukhiqiza incike ekwakhiweni, ezintweni zokwakha, ekuvunyelweni kobunjiniyela, ekusebenziseni amathuluzi, emijikelezweni ye-lamination, ukubhoboza, ngokugcwalisa, imisebenzi elawulwayo yokujula, ukuqeda ubuso, ukuhlolwa, ubuningi kanye nomthamo wamanje.

Yini okufanele ihlanganiswe isikhathi sokuhola esizibophezele

Ikhotheshini kufanele ichaze umcimbi oqala iwashi lokukhiqiza. Lowo mcimbi ungaba ukwamukelwa kwe-oda lokuthenga, inkokhelo ecacisiwe, ukuvunyelwa kwe-DFM, ukuvunyelwa kwedatha yokugcina noma ukutholakala kwezinto. Lesi sipho kufanele sihlukanise ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela, ukuthengwa kwezinto, ukwenziwa, izindawo zokubamba imvume yamakhasimende kanye nezokuthutha. Kufanele futhi sisho ukuthi izinsuku zokusebenza azibandakanyi izimpelasonto namaholide omphakathi.

Ingabe ukulethwa kweprototype kungasheshiswa?

Ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kungenzeka uma impahla ikhona, umklamo uhambisana nomzila wenqubo omisiwe futhi imibuzo yobunjiniyela ivaliwe. Kungase kungabi nomthwalo wemfanelo wokucindezela ukwakhiwa okusha okuqinile, okuhlanganisiwe noma okuhlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokuvumela isikhathi sokubuyekezwa kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo. Umhlinzeki kufanele athole ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engasheshiswa nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokufaneleka noma zokuhlola ezingenakususwa.

Umthamo wokukhiqiza uqinisekiswa kanjani?

Ukuqinisekiswa komthamo kufanele kucabangele isidingo esilindelekile sanyanga zonke, usayizi wesiza okhethwayo, isidingo sephaneli yokukhiqiza, isidingo esiphezulu, ukubhukha izinto, umthamo wokuhlola kanye nezithiyo zenqubo ekhethekile. Ngezinhlelo ezibalulekile, umthengi angacela uhlelo lwerempu olubonisa uhlobo lweprototype, isihloko sokuqala, inani lokuhlola kanye nesheduli yevolumu kunokucabanga ukuthi i-oda lesampula eliphumelelayo lifakazela umthamo wokukhiqiza.

Ukuqhubeka kokunikezwa kuvikelwe kanjani i-ohm

Ukuqhubeka kokunikezwa kuncike ezintweni ezivunyiwe, ezinye izindlela, ubunikazi benqubo, ukusekela ngokulondoloza imishini, ukulawulwa kosonkontileka abangaphansi, ukugcinwa kwedatha kanye nesaziso sokushintsha. Uhlelo oluzinzile kufanele luchaze ukuthi izinto ziqondene nekhasimende, ukuthi isitokwe sokuphepha noma i-laminate egciniwe iyadingeka yini, ukuthi izinto eziphelelwe yisikhathi zizophathwa kanjani nokuthi kudingeka isaziso esingakanani ngaphambi kokushintsha inqubo, indawo noma izinto.

Isilinganiso se-PCB se-Layer 10, Ukucaca Kwezindleko kanye Nemigomo Yoku-oda

Ikhotheshini efanayo kumele ichaze umkhiqizo ofanayo. Umehluko wamanani uvame ukuvela ezicabangweni ezahlukene mayelana nezinto zokwakha, ithusi, ukuvinjelwa, ukuhlolwa, ukulethwa kwephaneli, amathuluzi, imibhalo yekhwalithi, isigaba sempahla noma sokwamukelwa.

Yini okufanele ifakwe ku-quoteohm ephelele ye-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10

• Inombolo yengxenye yekhasimende, ukubuyekezwa kanye nesethi yefayela elibuyekeziwe.
• Ukwakhiwa okuqinile, okugobile noma okuqinile kanye nesisekelo sokuqongelela esiphakanyisiwe.
• Isigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo noma isigaba sezinto ezivunyiwe.
• Ubukhulu obuqediwe, isisekelo sethusi, ukuqeda ubuso kanye nohlelo lwemaski yokusongelwa.
• Ngesakhiwo, ukugcwalisa, isivalo, ukubhoboza emuva kanye nokuqagela okujulile okulawulwayo.
• Izinhloso ze-Impedance, isisekelo sokubekezelelana kanye nokuqinisekiswa.
• Ukucaciswa kwekhwalithi okusebenzayo, ikilasi, imibiko kanye nezidingo zesihloko sokuqala.
• Ubuningi, ifomethi yokulethwa, amathuluzi, i-NRE kanye nentengo yeyunithi ephindaphindayo.
• Isikhathi sokukhiqiza, izimo zokuvunyelwa kanye nokusebenza kwesilinganiso.
• I-Incoterm, isisekelo sempahla, intela noma imisebenzi, imigomo yokukhokha kanye nemali.
• Ukungafakwa, imithwalo yemfanelo yamakhasimende kanye nemibandela engashintsha intengo.

Kungani izingcaphuno ezimbili zamafayela afanayo e-Gerber zingahluka kakhulu?

Omunye umhlinzeki angase acaphune izinto eziceliwe kanti omunye angase acaphune okulingana nezindleko eziphansi. Omunye angafaka i-TDR, i-microsection kanye nokubika kwe-first-article kanti omunye angafaka ukuhlolwa kukagesi okujwayelekile kuphela. Omunye angase acaphune amabhodi ngamanye kanti omunye angase acaphune uhlu oluqhekeka ngamakhasimende. Amathuluzi, ubuncane bezinto ezikhethekile, izindleko zobunjiniyela, ukuthunyelwa kanye nezindleko kungafakwa noma kungafakwa. Ukuqhathanisa kufanele kujwayeleke lokhu kuqagela ngaphambi kokukhetha umhlinzeki.

I-MOQ kufanele ihunyushwe kanjani i-ohm

I-MOQ ingabhekisela ezingcezwini eziqediwe, amaphaneli okukhiqiza, inkokhelo enkulu, ubuncane bokuthengwa kwezinto noma inani elingabizi. Umhlinzeki angamukela isiqephu esisodwa seprototype ngenkathi esakhokhisa iphaneli lonke, ishidi lezinto ezikhethekile noma iphakheji yamathuluzi. Ikhotheshini kufanele ihlukanise ukwamukelwa kwe-oda elincane nenani lapho intengo yeyunithi iba ngcono khona.

Yikuphi ukwehliswa kwezindleko okubangela ukucindezeleka ngokobuchwepheshe?

Ukwehliswa kwezindleko okunesibopho kungavela ekusetshenzisweni kwephaneli okuthuthukisiwe, izinto ezigciniwe ezihlala isikhathi eside, imijikelezo embalwa yokulahla imfucuza elandelanayo, ukususwa kokubekezelelana okungadingekile okungadingekile, i-geometry yethusi ekhiqizwayo kakhudlwana, imibiko elula noma ifomethi yokulethwa ehambisana nokuhlanganiswa. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko akufanele kufezwe ngokushintsha izinto buthule, ukuhlolwa okushiywe noma izidingo zokwamukelwa okukhululekile. Izinkomba zezindleko ezinemininingwane zibhekiswe kumhlahlandlela wezindleko ze-PCB onezingqimba eziyi-10.

Ukupakishwa kwe-PCB, Ukuthunyelwa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nokuphathwa Kokulethwa

Ukuqedwa kokukhiqiza akusona ukuphela komthwalo wemfanelo womhlinzeki. Ukupakisha nokuthumela impahla kumele kugcine isimo somphezulu, ukuthamba, ukuhlanzeka, ukuhlonza kanye nemibhalo ngokugcina impahla kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo.

Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziyi-10 kufanele apakishwe kanjani ohm

Uhlelo lokupakisha luncike kusayizi webhodi, ukujiya, ukuqeda ubuso, ukuqina, ukwakhiwa okugobile kanye nezidingo zokuphathwa kwamakhasimende. Izilawuli ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukupakisha okuvaliwe okumelana nomswakama lapho kufaneleka khona, inkomba ye-desiccant kanye nomswakama uma kucacisiwe, izihlukanisi ezihlanzekile, ukuvikelwa komphetho kanye nobuso, ukwesekwa okuqinile kwamabhodi amancane noma amakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwemisila eguquguqukayo kanye neziqinisi, amalebula enqwaba kanye nokulandeleka kohlu lokupakisha.

Amasekethe aqinile nagobile angadinga amathreyi ayisicaba, isimo sokugoba esilawulwayo, ukuvikela okuphakathi noma izinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuvimbela ukugoba nokulimala kwezindawo zokuguquka. Amabhodi aqinile noma amakhulu angadinga ukwesekwa okuqinile ukuze kuncishiswe ukushayisana nokugoba ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.

Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele luvele ku-label yokuthunyelwa kwempahla?

Amalebula angafaka inombolo yengxenye yekhasimende, ukubuyekezwa, ubuningi, i-oda lokuthenga, indawo yomkhiqizi, ikhodi yosuku, ubunikazi bephaneli noma be-array, isimo se-RoHS, imiyalelo yomswakama noma yokuphatha kanye nenani lamaphakheji. Okuqukethwe kwelebula kufanele kufane nohlelo lokwamukela nokulandelela lwekhasimende.

Ukulethwa kwamanye amazwe kufanele kucashunwe kanjani ohm

Lesi sipho kufanele sichaze i-Incoterm, indawo yokuthumela, imodi yokuthutha, umthwalo wenkampani, umshwalense, amadokhumenti entela, ukuphathwa kwentela noma intela kanye nesisekelo sokuthutha esilindelekile. Isikhathi sokuhola sokukhiqiza kanye nesikhathi sokuthutha kufanele siboniswe ngokwehlukana. Kumaphrojekthi athinta isikhathi, ukuthunyelwa okuhlukanisiwe, ukukhululwa okuyingxenye noma imithwalo eqokwe ngamakhasimende kungavunyelwana ngayo ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ahambe ne-shippingohm

Ukuthunyelwa kungafaka uhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, isitifiketi sokuhambisana, umbiko wokuhlolwa kagesi, umbiko we-TDR, imibhalo yezinto ezibonakalayo, umbiko wesihloko sokuqala noma amanye amarekhodi avunyelwene ngawo. Amadokhumenti anganikezwa ngokoqobo, ngogesi noma ngephothali yamakhasimende ngokwemfuneko ye-oda.

Ukusekelwa Kwangemva Kokuthengisa kwe-PCB, Isenzo Sokulungisa kanye Nokulawula Ushintsho

Ukusekelwa ngemuva kokuthengisa kuyikhono eliyinhloko lomhlinzeki ngoba izinkinga zebhodi elingenalutho zingavela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungenayo, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza noma ukusetshenziswa kwensimu. Impendulo yobungcweti kumele ihlukanise ukulawulwa okusheshayo ekuhlaziyweni kwembangela yokugcina kanye nokulungiswa kwezentengiselwano.

Umenzi we-PCB kufanele aphendule kanjani esikhalazweni sekhwalithi ohm

Impendulo yokuqala kufanele iqinisekise inombolo yengxenye ethintekile, ukubuyekezwa, ingxenye, ubuningi, incazelo yesici kanye nesimo sokukhiqiza samanje. Ukuvimbela kungafaka phakathi ukugcina isitokwe esisele, ukubuyekeza izindawo ezisacutshungulwa, ukuhlola izinto ezishintshwayo kanye nokugcina amasampula. Uphenyo lobuchwepheshe lungahlola amarekhodi okukhiqiza, izindawo zezinto, amakhuphoni, idatha yokuhlola, amabhodi abuyiselwe kanye nezimo zokuhlanganisa.

Ifomethi yesenzo sokulungisa esivunyelwene ngayo ingafaka impendulo yokuqala, umbiko wokulawula, ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yenkinga, isenzo sokulungisa, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kahle kanye nokuvala. Umbiko we-8D ungasetshenziswa uma kudingeka, kodwa inani lisebufakazini nasekuvimbeleni kunokuba kube igama lefomu.

Yiziphi izixazululo zangemva kokuthengisa ezingavunyelwana ngazo?

Ukuthengiswa kwezentengiselwano kuncike enkontilekeni, ebufakazini kanye nesimo somkhiqizo. Imiphumela engaba khona ihlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni, ukuhlunga, ukuvuselelwa okuvunyiwe, isikweletu, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukwesekwa kwempahla noma olunye ikhambi elixoxiswene ngalo. Umhlinzeki akufanele athembise ikhambi elizosetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokubuyekeza ukuthi inkinga ivela ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni, ekuhlanganisweni, ekuphathweni noma ekushintsheni okungavunyiwe.

Izinguquko zobunjiniyela kufanele zilawulwe kanjani ngemva kokuvunyelwa

Izinguquko ezintweni ezibonakalayo, ezihlanganisiwe, zethusi, i-impedance geometry, ngesakhiwo, indawo yokukhiqiza, inqubo engaphansi kwenkontileka, ukuqeda ubuso, uhlelo lokufaka amaphaneli noma lokuhlola kungathinta umkhiqizo ovunyiwe. Isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka kufanele sichaze ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezidinga isaziso sangaphambilini sekhasimende kanye nokuvunyelwa. Isinxephezelo esincane se-CAM ngaphakathi kwegunya elivunyiwe singalawulwa ngaphakathi; izinguquko ezithinta ifomu, ukufaneleka, umsebenzi, ukuthembeka, isimo sokulawula noma iziqu kufanele zibhalwe phansi.

Yiluphi usekelo oludingekayo uma udlulisela kusuka komunye umhlinzeki we-PCB ohm

Iphrojekthi yokudlulisa kufanele iqoqe idatha yokukhiqiza ekhishwe, i-stackup evunyiwe, ithebula le-impedance, imininingwane yezinto ezibonakalayo, izigaba zekhwalithi, ukuphambuka komlando, imibiko yokuhlola kanye nokuzwela okwaziwayo kokuhlanganiswa. Umenzi omusha kufanele akhe kabusha isisekelo sokukhiqiza esebenzisa izinto ezitholakalayo kanye nomzila wenqubo, akhombe wonke umehluko futhi aqinisekise into yokuqala ngokumelene nohlelo lokuqhathanisa. Ukukopisha ububanzi bomkhondo omdala ngenkathi ushintsha ukwakhiwa kwe-dielectric akuyona indlela eyamukelekayo yokudlulisa.

Ukusebenza komhlinzeki wesikhathi eside kubuyekezwa kanjani i-ohm

Ukusebenza kungabuyekezwa ngekhwalithi elethwayo, isikhathi sokuphendula, ukusebenza kahle kokulungisa, ukulethwa ngesikhathi, ukuvalwa kobunjiniyela, isaziso soshintsho, ukuzinza kwezindleko kanye nokunemba kwedokhumenti. Izilinganiso kanye nendlela yokubala kufanele kuvunyelwane ngayo kunokuba kucatshangelwe ezimangalweni zokumaketha. Ukubuyekezwa kwebhizinisi nobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile kuyasiza ezinhlelweni ezinesidingo esiphindaphindayo noma izidingo zomkhiqizo ezishintshayo.

Ulwazi Oludingekayo kwi-RFQ ye-PCB Elungele Ukukhiqizwa Yezingqimba Eziyi-10

I-RFQ ephelele ivumela umenzi ukuthi abuyisele isilinganiso esifana nobuchwepheshe futhi inciphisa izinguquko ngemva kokufakwa kwe-oda lokuthenga.

Okufanele kutholwe ngaphambi kokuba i-oda likhishwe ohm

Umthengi kufanele athole ikhotheshini exhunywe ekubuyekezweni okubuyekeziwe, isisekelo sokwakha esicacile kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, uhlu lwemibuzo yobunjiniyela obuvulekile, isisekelo sesikhathi sokuhola esiphakanyisiwe, amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nemibiko, kanye nemigomo yokulethwa kwezentengiselwano. Ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, irekhodi le-DFM elivunyiwe kufanele livale noma iyiphi inkinga ethinta ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, izindleko noma isheduli.

Yini eyenza umenzi we-PCB onezingqimba eziyi-10 afanelekele ukuhlinzekwa kwesikhathi eside?

Umhlinzeki wesikhathi eside uhlanganisa ikhono lokukhiqiza eliqondene nokwakha kanye nokuxhumana kobunjiniyela okuhlelekile. Umhlinzeki kufanele asize ekukhetheni izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, abuyisele izincomo ze-DFM ezisebenzisekayo, avikele idatha yamakhasimende, akhiqize ngendlela evunyiwe, anikeze ubufakazi bokuthi amabhodi ayahlangabezana ne-oda, alethe ngaphansi kwemigomo echaziwe yezokuthutha futhi aphendule ezinkingeni ngesinyathelo sokulungisa esilandelekayo.

Amabhodi aqinile, aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile anezingqimba eziyishumi adinga ulwazi oluhlukile lwenqubo, kodwa indinganiso yokuthenga ihlala ingaguquguquki: izibikezelo kumele zibhalwe phansi, izinguquko kumele zilawulwe futhi ubufakazi bokugcina bokukhiqiza kumele buhambisane nengozi yomkhiqizo.

Thumela iphrojekthi ye-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-10 ukuze ibukezwe njengobunjiniyela