Tataiso ea ho Sebelisana le Lifaele tsa BRD: Mekhoa e Molemohali le Litlhaloso

Lifaele tsa BRD li bohlokoa lefats'eng la moralo oa Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Lifaele tsena li boloka lintlha tse rarahaneng tse amanang le moralo le meralo ea liboto tsa potoloho, ho netefatsa tlhahiso e nepahetseng le kopano. Tataisong ena, re tla kenella ka botlalo mabapi le hore na lifaele tsa BRD ke life, libopeho tsa tsona, mokhoa oa ho sebetsa le tsona, le ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng ao basebelisi ba tobanang le 'ona hangata. Tataiso ena e felletseng e tla u hlomella ka tsebo ea ho sebetsana le lifaele tsa BRD ka nepo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea moralo oa PCB ea hau.

BRD File ke eng?

Faele ea BRD ke sebopeho sa faele sa mantlha se sebelisoang moralong oa PCB , haholo-holo bakeng sa ho boloka tlhahisoleseling ea sebopeho sa boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng. Faele ea BRD e na le data ea bohlokoa mabapi le likhokahano tsa motlakase, sebaka sa likarolo, le tlhophiso ea lera la PCB. Ke faele ea binary kapa ea ASCII e hlahisoang ke software ea elektroniki ea othomathike ea moralo (EDA), e lumellang baqapi ho bona le ho buisana ka meralo ea PCB ka katleho.

Boholo ba lifaele tsa BRD li amahanngoa le software e khethehileng ea moralo oa PCB, joalo ka Autodesk Eagle, Cadence Allegro, kapa Altium Designer. Software e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le mokhoa oa eona o ikhethileng oa ho kenyelletsa sebopeho sa faele, hangata ho kenyelletsa lintlha tsa mong'a tsona tse sireletsang thepa ea mahlale. Leha ho le joalo, lifaele tsohle tsa BRD li sebeletsa morero o tšoanang oa mantlha: li thusa ho hlalosa sebopeho sa 'mele le motlakase sa PCB, ho netefatsa hore e kopana le litlhaloso tsa moralo.

Hobaneng Lifaele tsa BRD li le Bohlokoa ho Moralo oa PCB

Joaloka moqapi oa PCB, faele ea BRD e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho koala lekhalo lipakeng tsa moralo le tlhahiso. E u lumella ho kenyelletsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa PCB, ho kenyelletsa:

1. Ho Bea Karolo: Faele e hlalosa moo karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, e kang li-resistors, capacitor, le ICs, e tla behoa botong.
2. Moralo oa Moralo: E na le tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le mesaletsa ea koporo, e leng litsela tsa motlakase tse kopanyang likarolo.
3. Tlhophiso ea Lera: Faele e fana ka lintlha tsa likarolo tsa PCB, tse ka tlohang lehlakoreng le le leng ho ea ho liqapi tse nang le mefuta e mengata, hammoho le tlhahisoleseding ea vias le ho cheka.
4. Phetoho ea Gerber: Lifaele tse ngata tsa BRD li ka fetoloa Lifaele tsa Gerber, e leng mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa indasteri bakeng sa tlhahiso ea PCB.

Ntle le lifaele tsa BRD, ho theha meralo e nepahetseng le e sebetsang ea PCB ho ne ho batla ho sa khonehe, kaha ba lumella taolo e nepahetseng holim'a thepa ea motlakase le ea 'mele ea boto.

Ho bula le ho hlophisa BRD Files

Ho bula le ho hlophisa lifaele tsa BRD, o hloka software e ikhethileng e lumellanang le sebopeho sa faele. Tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo li kenyelletsa:

• Autodesk Ntsu: Sesebelisoa se atileng haholo sa ho theha le ho hlophisa lifaele tsa BRD, haholo bakeng sa meralo ea PCB e nyane ho isa ho e mahareng.
• Cadence Allegro: Sesebelisoa se matla bakeng sa li-PCB tse rarahaneng, tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata, tse atisang ho sebelisoa liindastering tsa mehala ea puisano le lifofane.
• Moqapi oa Altium: Sebopeho se matla le se tenyetsehang sa PCB se fanang ka likarolo tse tsoetseng pele bakeng sa ho qhekella lifaele tsa BRD.

Ka mohlala, haeba u sebetsa ka moralo o rarahaneng 'me u hloka ho bula faele ea BRD ho Eagle, e-ea feela ho File> Open in the Eagle software, 'me u tla ba le mokhoa oa ho fumana sebopeho se feletseng sa boto. Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore software eo u e sebelisang e lumellana le tšimoloho ea faele ea BRD; ho seng joalo, ho ka hlaha mathata a ho se lumellane ha lifaele.

Ho rarolla mathata a BRD Files: Mathata a Tloaelehileng le Litharollo

Ka linako tse ling, leha u na le software e nepahetseng, u ka 'na ua kopana le mathata ha u leka ho bula kapa ho sebetsa ka lifaele tsa BRD. Mona ke mokhoa oa ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng:

1. Lifaele tse Senyehileng

Faele e ka 'na ea senyeha ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha software, ho sa phethoe ka botlalo, kapa liphoso tsa ho fetisa lifaele. Maemong a joalo:

• Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho khutlisa lifaele kapa hlahloba hore na kopi ea bekapo e teng.
• Leka ho bula faele mochining o mong kapa ka mofuta o fapaneng oa software ho netefatsa hore na bothata bo arotsoe faeleng kapa sistimi ea hau.

2. Mekhatlo e Sieo kapa e Fosahetseng ea Lifaele

Haeba sistimi ea hau e sa tsebe lifaele tsa BRD:

• Tobetsa faele ka ho le letona ebe u khetha Open With > Khetha App e 'ngoe. Ebe u khetha software e nepahetseng (mohlala, EAGLE, Allegro, kapa KiCad).
• Ho macOS, khetha Lintlha tse ling> Bula ka, ebe u khetha software e nepahetseng.

3. Software e siiloeng ke nako

Kamehla etsa bonnete ba hore u sebelisa mofuta oa morao-rao oa software ea hau ea PCB. Lifaele tse ncha tsa BRD li kanna tsa se tsamaellane le liphetolelo tsa khale tsa software, tse ka bakang liphoso ha u leka ho li bula. Sheba lintlafatso khafetsa ho boloka li lumellana.

4. Liphoso tsa Registry

Ho Windows, likenyo tse senyehileng tsa Registry li ka thibela lifaele tsa BRD ho bula. Sebelisa sehloekisi sa ngoliso se tšeptjoang kapa u lokise ka bowena lintlha tse amehang ho rarolla bothata.

Mekhoa e Molemohali ea ho Sebelisa Lifaele tsa BRD

Ha o sebetsana le lifaele tsa BRD, ho bohlokoa ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e metle ho netefatsa moralo oa PCB o se nang moeli le ts'ebetso ea ho etsa mosebetsi. Taolo ea phetolelo e bohlokoa, e u lumellang ho latela liphetoho le ho khutlela liphetolelong tse fetileng ha ho hlokahala. Li-backups tsa khafetsa li lokela ho etsoa, ​​​​haholoholo pele ho lintlafatso tse kholo tsa moralo, ho sireletsa tsoelo-pele. Tšebelisano-'moho e ka matlafatsoa ka liforomo tsa maru tse laoloang ke mofuta, joalo ka GitHub kapa Bitbucket, tse thusang ho arolelana lifaele le ho thibela likhohlano tsa mofuta ho pholletsa le lihlopha. Lisebelisoa tsena li netefatsa hore motho e mong le e mong o sebetsa faeleng ea morao-rao ka ho fetisisa, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso eohle.

Ho feta moo, ho ngola ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa mefuta ea lifaele le ho sebelisa software e etselitsoeng tšebelisano ea PCB ho ka thusa ho fokotsa liphoso. Ho hlalosa ka ho hlaka boikarabelo ka har'a sehlopha ho tiisa boikarabello le ho fokotsa ho se buisane, ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing o atlehileng haholoanyane. Mekhoa ena e kopane e sireletsa khahlanong le tahlehelo ea data, e ntlafatsa khokahanyo, le ho thusa ho boloka botšepehi ba lifaele tsa moralo oa PCB nakong eohle ea tsoelopele.

Matšoenyeho a Tšireletso ka Lifaele tsa BRD

Karolo e 'ngoe e lokelang ho nahanoa ke polokeho ea lifaele tsa BRD. Kaha lifaele tsa BRD hangata li na le data e hlakileng ea moralo, ho li sireletsa ho tsoa phihlellong e sa lumelloeng ke habohlokoa. Hangata bahlahisi le baqapi ba kenyelletsa lifaele tsa BRD ba sebelisa mekhoa ea ho sireletsa thepa ea bona ea kelello.

Mohlala, Autodesk Eagle e kenyelletsa lifaele tsa BRD ka sebopeho se thehiloeng ho XML, se lumellang ho bala habonolo ha batho ha u ntse u boloka data e hlophisitsoe. Leha ho le joalo, ntle le ho fumana software ea mantlha ea moralo, batho ba boraro ba ke ke ba utloisisa lifaele tsena.

Ho matlafatsa tšireletso:

1. taetsitshireletso: Sebelisa litharollo tsa polokelo ea lifaele tse patiloeng, haholo ha u arolelana lifaele tsa BRD marang-rang.
2. Tsamaiso ea ho Fumana: Fokotsa hore na ke mang ea ka fihlelang le ho fetola lifaele tsa BRD ka har'a mokhatlo oa hau.
3. ho boloka libuka: Boloka lintlha tsa hore na ke mang ea fumaneng faele le hore na u lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore o ikarabella.

Software ea ho Bula Lifaele tsa BRD

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea software e fumanehang ho bula lifaele tsa BRD, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le matla a eona a ikhethang le likhetho tsa ho lumellana. Ka tlase ke lethathamo la lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hangata:

• Autodesk Ntsu: Sesebelisoa se sebelisoang haholo ho theha le ho boha lifaele tsa BRD, haholo mererong e menyenyane.
• Cadence Allegro: E ratoa bakeng sa meralo e rarahaneng e hlokang maemo a holimo a ho itloaetsa le ho nepahala.
• Moqapi oa Altium: E tsebahala ka ho feto-fetoha ha eona le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ka liforomo tse fapaneng tsa lifaele, ho etsa hore e tšoanele lihlopha tse kholoanyane.
• KiCad: Mofuta o mong oa mahala le o bulehileng o tšehetsang ho boha lifaele tsa BRD le ho hlophisoa ho fokolang.
• OpenBoardView: Sesebelisoa sa mahala se sebelisetsoang ho sheba meralo ea motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa lifaele tsa BRD.

Ho fetola BRD Files hore e be Gerber Files bakeng sa PCB Manufacturing

Ho fetolela difaele tsa BRD ho ba sebopeho sa Gerber ho bohlokwa bakeng sa ho lokisa meralo ya PCB bakeng sa tlhahiso. Difaele tsa Gerber di fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding e qaqileng ya boto, ho kenyeletswa le dikarolo tsa koporo, maske ya solder , le di-silkscreen, ho baetsi ba PCB. Tataiso ya mohato ka mohato ya hore na o ka fetolela difaele tsa BRD ho ba difaele tsa Gerber jwang disebedisweng tse kgolo tsa moralo ke ena:

EAGLE (Autodesk):

1. Bula faele ea BRD ho EAGLE.
2. Eya ho Faele > CAM Processor.
3. Hlophisa likarolo tse hlokahalang tse kang koporo, silkscreen, le mask a solder.
4. Sebelisa CAM Processor ho hlahisa lifaele tsa Gerber le lifaele tsa NC Drill (bakeng sa masoba le vias).

Etsa bonnete ba hore likarolo tsohle li behiloe hantle, 'me u hlahlobe lifaele tse hlahisitsoeng ho Gerber viewer ho netefatsa moralo.

Allegro (Cadence):

1. Bula faele ea BRD ebe u khetha karolo ea Taolo ea Artwork ho tsoa ho menu ea lisebelisoa.
2. Hlophisa likarolo tsohle tse hlokahalang bakeng sa PCB (mohlala, koporo, mask a solder, silkscreen).
3. Hlahisa lifaele tsa Gerber ka ho romela lera ka 'ngoe ka bomong, ho netefatsa hore li finyella litlhoko tsa moetsi.

Allegro e fana ka taolo e nepahetseng mabapi le mokhoa oa ho romelloa kantle ho naha mme e fana ka likarolo tse tsoetseng pele bakeng sa liboto tse phahameng haholo.

KiCad:

1. Bula faele ea hau ea BRD ho KiCad 'me u ee ho File> Plot.
2. Puisanong ea Plot, khetha Gerber joalo ka sebopeho sa faele.
3. Khetha likarolo tseo u tla li kenyelletsa, joalo ka koporo e holimo le e tlase, maske a solder, silkscreen, le li-edge cuts.
4. Ka mor'a ho hlahisa lifaele tsa Gerber, hape u thehe lifaele tsa NC Drill bakeng sa ho beha mekoti.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa Gerber Files:

• Netefatsa hore karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea PCB e hlalositsoe ka ho hlaka, ho kenyeletsoa mesaletsa, vias, silkscreen, solder mask, le maqeba a bohale.
• Hlahisa lifaele tsa NC Drill ka thoko, tse fanang ka leseli la moo u ka phunyang masoba bakeng sa vias le likarolo.
• Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa sebali sa Gerber ho lekola ho nepahala ha lifaele tsa hau tsa tlhahiso pele u li romella ho moetsi. Mohato ona o netefatsa hore ha ho na liphoso kapa likarolo tse sieo.

Hobaneng u fetolela ho Gerber Files?

Lifaele tsa Gerber ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng o amoheloang ke baetsi ba PCB lefatšeng ka bophara. Faele ka 'ngoe e lumellana le karolo e itseng ea PCB,' me bahlahisi ba sebelisa lifaele tsena ho etsa moralo oa hau hantle. Ntle le ho fetola le ho netefatsa lifaele tsena ka nepo, liphoso tsa tlhahiso li ka hlaha, tse lebisang liphosong tse theko e boima kapa ho hlophisoa bocha.

Ka ho latela ts'ebetso ena, u etsa bonnete ba hore moralo oa hau o fetisetsoa ka nepo ho bahlahisi, o thusa ho etsa PCB e nepahetseng le e sebetsang hantle.

fihlela qeto e

Lifaele tsa BRD ke mokokotlo oa moralo oa sejoale-joale oa PCB. Ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bula, ho laola le ho rarolla mathata ho bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea amehang ho tsa elektroniki. Ka ho latela mekhoa e metle, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, le ho boloka lifaele tsa hau li sireletsehile, u ka etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le mekhoa e metle ea moralo le liphello tse atlehileng tsa morero. Hore na o moenjiniere ea nang le boiphihlelo kapa o sa tsoa qala tšebetsong, ho tseba lifaele tsa BRD hantle ho tla ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea hau ea moralo oa PCB le bokhoni ba ho etsa tlhahiso.

Ka phihlelo ea ka, ke bone kamoo lifaele tsa BRD li leng bohlokoa kateng ho ntšetseng pele indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike. Ho amohela sebopeho sena, ho utloisisa lintho tse rarahaneng, le ho li laola ka hloko ho tla u atametsa haufi le meralo e atlehileng ea PCB.