Thepa ea SMT le Ts'ebetso

Lisebelisoa tsa SMT le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso

Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea SMT (Surface Mount Technology) ke karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea sejoale-joale ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. E kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e rarahaneng le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho etsa liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng tsa boleng bo holimo (PCBs). Kakaretso ena e shebana le likarolo tse hlokomelehang tse khethollang tšebetso ea tlhahiso ea Highleap's SMT ho fapana le mekhoa ea khale ea indasteri.

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le lits'ebetso le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea SMT, ka kopo ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere se Highleap. Se latelang ke mohlala oa kakaretso oa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea SMT:

1. Tokisetso Pele SMT Soldering Process

PCB Data (Gerber)

• Faele e tloaelehileng ea elektronike bakeng sa setšoantšo sa potoloho e lokela ho kenyelletsa bonyane ba mekhahlelo e mene: faele ea PAD, faele ea ho pota-pota, faele ea silika-screen, le solder mask file.
• Ha e le hantle, ho molemo ho fana ka lifaele tsa Gerber tse hlahisoang ke moetsi oa PCB.
• Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa boto: Tlohela moeli oa 10mm ka holimo le tlase ho boto.
• Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa lesoba la boemo: Sekoti se le seng lehlakoreng le leng le le leng la moeli o le mong oa boto, le sebaka se bohareng sa 5mm ho tloha moeling le bophara ba 4mm.
• Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa litšupiso tsa pono: Likhutlong tse fapaneng, ho lokela ho ba le matheba a tiileng a asymmetric a 1mm, a nang le selikalikoe se bonaletsang sa bophara ba 3mm ho a potoloha.

2. Electronic Components Sourcing

Sehlopha sa thepa ea thepa se qala ho fumana thepa e tala e thehiloeng lethathamong le fanoeng la BOM (Bill of Materials) ho tsoa ho moreki, ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha thepa ea tlhahiso. Kamora ho rekoa, thepa e ea hlahlojoa le ho sebetsoa, ​​ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebetso tse joalo ka ho seha li-pin le ho etsa li-resistor pin, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tlhahiso. Highleap Electronics e itšetleha ka barekisi ba inehetseng bakeng sa phepelo ea thepa, ho netefatsa ketane ea phepelo e thehiloeng hantle.

3. SMT Solder peista khatiso

Highleap ke k'hamphani e etelletseng pele indastering ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea SMT (Surface Mount Technology), khatiso ea solder paste ke mohato oa bohlokoa. Solder paste, motsoako oa thini le flux, e sebelisoa ho hokahanya likarolo tsa elektroniki ho PCB. Sena se finyelloa ka ho sebelisa stencil ea tšepe e sa hloekang, e behiloeng holim'a boto e se nang letho, e khethang ho siea menyetla ea ho behoa ha karolo.

Litheknishiene tse hloahloa tsa Highleap li netefatsa tatellano e nepahetseng ea stencil le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa mochini ho e tiisa. Ka taolo e hlokolosi, solder peista e ka nepo ajoa ho pholletsa le libaka tse pepenene tsa PCB sebelisa applicator.

Sehlopha sa taolo ea boleng ba Highleap se etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea solder paste - ho netefatsa hore e lekanyelitsoe libakeng tse hlokahalang le hore lipampiri tsohle li koahetsoe ka ho lekaneng. Bakeng sa liboto tsa SMT tse mahlakoreng a mabeli, ts'ebetso ena e phetoa lehlakoreng ka leng.

Highleap ka boikhohomoso e sebelisa pente ea solder ea DELTA, thepa e rekisoang ea pele e tsamaellanang le litaelo tsa RoHS, REACH le JEIDA. Sebopeho sa DELTA sa solder paste se na le 96.5% tin, 3% silevera, le 0.5% koporo. E sebelisoa ho reflow soldering, ha mefuta e tiileng e sebelisoa mekhoeng ea matsoho le ea wave soldering.

Ka ho sebelisa solder paste ea boleng bo holimo le ho latela lits'ebetso tse hlokolosi tsa kopo, Highleap e netefatsa manonyeletso a solder a tšepahalang le a matla nakong ea mehato e latelang ea tlhahiso. Boitlamo ba rona ba bokhabane le mehato e thata ea taolo ea boleng bo re thusa ho fana ka likopano tse phahameng tsa PCB.

4. Ho beoa ha SMT

Kamora hore pente ea solder e kenngoe ho li-PCB tse se nang letho, li fetisetsoa mochining oa Pick & Place o ikemetseng oa Highleap bakeng sa ho bea likarolo hantle holim'a liphaephe tsa bona tse khethiloeng. Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya likarolo e iketsetsa ka botlalo bakeng sa ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle, ho ipapisitse le faele ea projeke e nang le likhokahano tsa likarolo le data ea ho potoloha.

Mechini e tsoetseng pele ea Highleap ea Pick & Place e kenya tšebetsong karolo ka nepo e phahameng. Mechini e sebelisa faele ea "pickplace" ho tseba hore na karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hokae le hore na e hokae. Ts'ebetso ena ea othomathike e netefatsa ho beoa ho tsitsitseng le ho nepahetseng, ho fokotsa liphoso tsa batho le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso.

Hang ha likarolo li kenngoa, mapolanka a hlahlojoa ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha libaka tsohle. Sehlopha sa taolo ea boleng ba Highleap se hlahloba liboto ka hloko ho etsa bonnete ba hore likarolo li behiloe hantle pele li tsoela pele ka mokhoa o latelang oa solder. Mohato ona oa tlhahlobo o tiisa hore mathata afe kapa afe a ka bang teng aa tsejoa le ho rarolloa qalong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.

Ka ho sebelisa mochini o ikemetseng oa Pick & Place le ho etsa tlhahlobo e phethahetseng, Highleap e boloka botšepehi le ho nepahala ha ho beoa ha likarolo nakong ea kopano ea PCB. Tlhokomelo ena ea lintlha e tiisa ho tšepahala le ho sebetsa ha sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.

5. Reflow Soldering

Ho romelloa ha li-ovine tsa reflow ho bohlokoa ho phahamisong e laoloang ea mocheso ho kopanya likarolo tsa PCB tse kopaneng le ho qhibilisa sekontiri sa solder, ka hona ho etsa hore ho be le likhokahano tse matla le tse tšepahalang tsa solder. Ho netefatsa taolo e hlokolosi holim'a boemo ba mocheso, lebelo la conveyor, le tlhaloso ea libaka tsa ho futhumatsa ho hlaha e le ntho ea bohlokoa ha ho buisanoa ka ontong ea ho futhumatsa. Ho feta moo, ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo e nepahetseng mabapi le ho lumellana ha ontong e khethiloeng ka mekhoa ea ho etsa solder ntle le loto.

6. DIP (Dual In-line Package) Soldering

DIP soldering ke mokhoa oa ho sebelisa likarolo tsa elektronike ka lesoba. Likarolo tsena li na le li-lead tse kentsoeng ka har'a masoba a PCB 'me li rekisoa ka lehlakoreng le leng ho theha likhokahano tsa motlakase.

Ts'ebetso ea solder ea DIP e kenyelletsa:

• Kenyeletso ea Karolo: Ka-hole likarolo li kenngoa ka har'a likoti tsa PCB ebang ke ka letsoho kapa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng. Likarolo tse etellang pele li fetela ka har'a likoti ho ea lehlakoreng le fapaneng.
• Sesebelisoa sa Flux: Flux, moemeli oa ho hloekisa, e sebelisoa ho manonyeletso a solder le likarolo tsa likarolo. E tlosa li-oxide, e khothalletsa ho kolobisa ka solder, 'me e ntlafatsa botšepehi ba manonyeletso.
• Soldering: PCB e nang le likarolo tse kentsoeng e feta ka mochini oa solder kapa seliba sa solder. Leqhubu la likhokahano tse entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa tsa solder li pepesitse li-lead le li-pads tsa PCB ka tlase. Ha o pholile, solder e etsa likhokahano tsa motlakase tse tšepahalang.
• Tlhahlobo le Teko: Kamora ho rekisoa, PCB e ea hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa. Sena se tiisa boleng ba kopanelo ea solder le ts'ebetso ea karolo. Li-Visual checks, automated optical inspection (AOI), kapa tlhahlobo ea in-circuit (ICT) li ka sebelisoa ho bona mefokolo kapa liphoso.

DIP soldering e fana ka lisebelisoa tse hlokang botsitso ba mochini kapa lits'ebetso tse khethehileng tsa lesoba. E sebetsa hantle bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le li-pitches tse kholo kapa tse sebetsanang le maqhubu a phahameng.

Highleap e ipabola ka ho solder ea DIP, e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele le litheknishiene tse nang le litsebo ho netefatsa hore ho na le soldering e nepahetseng, e tšepahalang. Boitlamo ba rona ba boleng le lintlha tse qaqileng bo re nolofalletsa ho fana ka likopano tsa PCB tse finyellang litekanyetso tse nepahetseng.

7. Leqhubu la Soldering

Wave soldering ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho kopanya oa PCB moo mapolanka a fetang har'a leqhubu le entsoeng ka ho qhibiliha ho etsa manonyeletso a ka tšeptjoang. E loketse li-PCB tse nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa lesoba kapa likhokahano tse kholo tse nang le lithapo tse ngata.

Ts'ebetso ea wave soldering e kenyelletsa mehato ena ea bohlokoa:

• Sesebelisoa sa Flux: Flux e sebelisoa ho PCB pele ho soldering. E sebeletsa merero e mengata, joalo ka ho tlosa li-oxide, ho thusa ho kolobisa ka solder, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba motsoako oa solder.
• Ho futhumatsa: The PCB e preheated ho mocheso o itseng ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho phalla hantle ha solder le ho khomarela. Ho futhumatsa ho boetse ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso ho likarolo.
• Ho tsubella ka leqhubu: PCB e chesitsoeng pele e feta holim'a leqhubu le qhibilihileng la solder le hlahisoang ke pompo. Leqhubu lena la solder le boloka ho phalla le mocheso kamehla. Ha PCB e ntse e tsamaea holim'a eona, mabitso a solder a pepesa likarolo tsa likarolo le lithapo, a etsa manonyeletso a ka tšeptjoang.
• Ho pholisa le ho Tiisa: Kamora ho feta leqhubu la solder, PCB e kena sebakeng se phodileng. Manonyeletso a solder butle-butle a pholile 'me a tiisa, a boloka likarolo le ho theha likhokahano tsa motlakase.
• Tlhahlobo le Teko: Post-wave soldering, kopano ea PCB e ntse e hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa ho netefatsa boleng bo kopanetsoeng ba solder le ho tšepahala. Li-Visual checks, automated optical inspection (AOI), kapa tlhahlobo ea in-circuit (ICT) li ka lemoha mefokolo kapa liphoso.

Reflow soldering e ratoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa holim'a metsi, empa wave soldering e lula e sebetsa hantle ebile e sebetsa bakeng sa mapolanka a nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa ho phunyeha kapa li-connectors tse phahameng. E fana ka tharollo e tšepahalang, e theko e boima bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse joalo.

Boitlamo ba Highleap ho boleng le katleho bo netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e kopana le litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa indasteri, ho fella ka likopano tse tšepahalang tsa PCB.

8. AOI Automatic Optical Inspection

Highleap e sebelisa tlhahlobo ea 100% ea AOI bakeng sa likopano tsohle tsa PCB e sebelisa metjhini e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlahloba mahlo. AOI ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle haholo oa ho hlahloba liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki. Likh'amera tse ikhethileng li hlahloba lisebelisoa ka botsona bakeng sa bofokoli joalo ka likarolo tse sieo kapa mathata a boleng.

Sistimi ea AOI e nka litšoantšo tsa boemo bo holimo tse hlahlobiloeng ke li-software algorithms ho bona ka nepo liphoso tse ka bang teng. E bapisa litšoantšo le litlhaloso, e khethollang ho kheloha. Nakong ea tlhahlobo, likarolo tse kang ho beoa ha likarolo, li-solder, polarity le boteng / ho ba sieo li hlahlojoa.

Tlhahlobo ea othomathike e matlafatsa lebelo le ho nepahala ha ho lemoha sekoli, ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho ts'epahala. Ho kenya tšebetsong AOI bakeng sa lipapiso le tlhahiso ea bongata ho bontša boitlamo ba rona ho likopano tse phahameng tsa PCB. Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea morao-rao ea AOI ho fokotsa likotsi le mefokolo ha e ntse e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Sepheo sa rona ke ho fa bareki litlhaloso tsa kopano ea boleng bo holimo ka ho fetisisa.

9. Tlhahlobo ea X-Ray

Ka mor'a potoloho ea ho phalla hape, liboto tse nang le likarolo tse kang BGA, QFN, kapa liphutheloana tse ling tse se nang lead li etsoa tlhahlobo ea X-Ray.

Li-X-Rays li kenella ka silicon ea pakete ea IC ebe li hlahisa likhokahano tsa tšepe tse ka tlase, li hlahisa setšoantšo sa manonyeletso a solder. Setšoantšo sena se hlahlobjoa ho sebelisoa software e tsoetseng pele ea ho lokisa litšoantšo, joalo ka Automated Optical Inspection (AOI). Libaka tse nang le likarolo tse phahameng tsa density li bonahala li le lefifi, tse nolofalletsang tlhahlobo ea bongata bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boleng bo kopanetsoeng ba solder khahlanong le litekanyetso tsa indasteri.

Tlhahlobo ea X-Ray ha e khetholle feela litaba tsa kopano ea PCB empa hape e thusa ho supa sesosa sa bofokoli. E ka senola mathata a kang sekontiri se sa lekaneng sa solder, ho bea karolo e sa lumellaneng, kapa li-profiles tse fosahetseng tsa reflow.

10. Ho Hloekisa le ho Hlahloba

Li-PCB tsa rona li na le ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso e hlokolosi le tlhahlobo e felletseng ea bofokoli. Haeba ho se na li-anomalies tse fumanoeng, PCB e fumana leseli le letala bakeng sa ts'ebetso e eketsehileng. Leha ho le joalo, maemong ao ho nang le mefokolo, re qala mekhoa e hlokahalang ea ho lokisa kapa ho lokisa bocha. Ho nolofatsa sena, re sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele, ho kenyeletsoa FAI, AOI, mochini oa X-ray, le tse ling.

11. Ho paka le ho Romela

Litharollo tsa rona tsa ho paka li etselitsoe ho fihlela litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng, li fana ka mefuta e mengata ea likhetho tse kang mekotla ea ESD, mabokose, liphutheloana tsa mabokose a ka sebelisoang hape, lijana tsa polasetiki tsa ESD tse ikhethileng, le literei tse ikhethileng tsa sehlahisoa tse etselitsoeng tšebelisano ea ESD. Kholiseha, re etelletsa pele ho tlisoa ha lihlahisoa tsa hau ka potlako le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Re thehile litšebelisano le lifeme tse kholo tsa thepa, ho etsa bonnete ba hore u fumana litšebeletso tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ka litefiso tsa tlholisano. Khotsofalo ea hau ke eona ntho e tlang pele bophelong ba rona.

Melemo ea Highleap's PCBA

Joaloka mofani ea ka sehloohong oa litharollo tse khethehileng tsa SMT, Highleap e boetse e fana ka tlhahiso ea PCBA ea tšebeletso e feletseng. Baenjineri ba rona ba nang le boiphihlelo ke litsebi tsa moralo oa boto ea potoloho le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa ho nka prototype ho isa tlhahiso e phahameng haholo. Thepa ea kopano ea Surface Mount Technology (SMT) e kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa le mechini e entsoeng ka boqhetseke ho thusa ho beoa le ho soasoa ha likarolo tsa elektroniki ho liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng.

Highleap's PCBA line e sebelisa litsamaiso tse holimo tsa SMT tsa ho beha le ho phalla hape ho kopanya liboto tse mamellang hantle, tse hlakileng. Tlhahlobo ea othomathike ho latela maemo a thata, hammoho le litlatsetso tsa boleng joalo ka ho roala ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng le liteko, li nolofalletsa tharollo ea li-turnkey. Bareki ba ananela kopano e otlolohileng ea Highleap le karabelo - ka ho laola ts'ebetso ka tlung tlas'a sistimi e tsitsitseng ea boleng, Highleap e potlakisa merero ha e ntse e netefatsa chai e ngata le mefokolo e fokolang, melemo ho ba batlang molekane ea tšepahalang.

Lisebelisoa tse holimo tsa 10 tsa SMT lefatšeng