PCB DFM

DFM e netefatsa hore meralo ea PCB e ikamahanya le bokhoni le mamello ea mechini ea tlhahiso ea PCB le lisebelisoa. Tokiso ena e fokotsa liphapang lipakeng tsa moralo o reriloeng le sehlahisoa se ka hlahisoang, ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.

Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka ba le liphoso tse ka bang teng. DFM e fokotsa tieho e bakoang ke lihlahisoa tse nang le bokooa, liphoso, le tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea morero le licheke tsa litokomane. Sena se potlakisa nako ea 'maraka, e leng ntlha ea bohlokoa indastering ea tlholisano.

Thepa e tsoetseng pele ea Highleap le lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng li hloka meralo e lumellanang le mamello e thata ea mochini. DFM e thusa haholo ho ntlafatsa maemo a PCB ho fihlela litekanyetso tsena tse thata, ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea boleng bo holimo, e se nang liphoso le ho hokahana ka mokhoa o se nang moeli le bokhoni ba Highleap.

Ts'ebetso ea ho hlahloba sekoti e reretsoe ho tsebahatsa lintlha tse ka khonehang tsa manufacturability ka har'a likarolo tsa ho cheka, tse kenyeletsang NPTHs le PTHs (ka vias, vias patoa, le li-vias tse foufetseng), le ho theha likarolo tsena. Ntlha ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho netefatsa hore na lintlha tsa tafole ea lesoba li lumellana le lifaele tsa sebele. Maemong a ho se lumellane ha tlhahisoleseling, ho bohlokoa ho hlahisa Potso ea Boenjiniere (EQ) kapele ho netefatsa hore moralo o fetoloa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tlhahiso mme o ka hlahisoa ka katleho. Lintlha tse latelang ke licheke tseo hangata li etsoang ke baenjiniere ba CAM maemong a tlhahlobo ea masoba a PCB:
Boholo ba Likoti: Ho lekola bophara le botebo ba likoti ka mefuta eohle, ho kenyeletsoa Plated Through Holes (PTH), Non-Plated through Holes (NPTH), slots (SLOT), le ka layers, ho netefatsa hore li lumellana le litlhaloso tsa moralo. Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho fanoa ho netefatsa boholo le libopeho tsa li-slots.

• Hole Spacing: Ho hlahloba sebaka se pakeng tsa masoba ho netefatsa sebaka se lekaneng, ho thibela li-circuits kapa litaba tsa tlhahiso.
• Likoti Tse Sieo: Ho hloaea masoba leha e le afe a sieo holim'a li-non-Surface Mount Device (SMD) ho netefatsa hore likoti tsohle tse hlokahalang li teng.
• Li-Hole tse Eketsehileng: Ho hlahloba masoba a seng makae ao e ka 'nang eaba ha se a li-pads.
• Power/Ground Shorts: Ho bona hore na masoba a kopana le matla a mangata kapa a fatše, ho thibela li-circuits tsa motlakase.
• NPTH-to-Route Distance: Ho netefatsa hore masoba ha a haufi haholo le litsela tsa litsela, ho ka 'nang ha hlokahala hore ho etsoe liphetoho ho qoba mathata a tlhahiso.
• Stubbed Vias: Ho khetholla li-vias tse sa hokahaneng ka nepo bonyane le likarolo tse peli tsa koporo, ho netefatsa khokahano ea motlakase.
• Khokahano ea Thermal: Ho hlahloba boteng ba likhokahano tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-drill tsa li-pin-hole ho netefatsa hore ho na le mocheso o lekaneng.

Licheke tsena li kenya letsoho ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha masoba a ho cheka a PCB le ho latela litlhoko tsa tlhahiso. Tsebo le boiphihlelo ba baenjiniere ba CAM li bohlokoa ho thibela litaba tsa tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso. Ka ho hlwaya le ho rarolla mathata a amanang le masoba esale pele, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li ka fokotsoa, ​​'me liphoso le tieho ea tlhahiso li ka fokotsoa.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea Design for Manufacturability (DFM), Litlhahlobo tsa Letšoao le Metsoako e Kopantsoeng li thusa ho tsebahatsa mathata a ka bang teng ka har'a matšoao le likarolo tse tsoakiloeng. Licheke tsena li ikemiselitse ho utolla mathata afe kapa afe a ka amang tšebetso ea tlhahiso. Licheke li na le mefuta e mengata 'me li ka sebelisoa lera leha e le lefe, le hoja li shebane haholo le likarolo tsa matšoao. Ba itšetlehile ka lera ka boeona le likarolo leha e le life tseo e seng tsa koporo (NC), tse kang liboro kapa litsela, tse kopanang le eona. Mona ke karohano ea licheke tse khethehileng le merero ea tsona:

• Sebaka: Chelete ena e hlahloba le ho tlaleha litlolo tsa sebaka ka har'a likarolo tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-pads, li-circuits le matlooa. E boetse e hlwaya ditlolo tsa karohano pakeng tsa dielemente tsa mongolo. Ho feta moo, e lemoha lifupi le liphapang tsa sebaka pakeng tsa marang-rang a fapaneng a Computer-Aided Design (CAD), e totobatsang libaka tse haufi pakeng tsa likarolo tse sa amang ka har'a CAD e tšoanang kapa marang-rang.
• Drill: Tlhahlobo ea Drill e tlaleha tlōlo ea sebaka pakeng tsa Non-Plated through Holes (NPTHs), Plated through Holes (PTHs), le vias, le likarolo tse kang li-pads, li-circuits, li-annular rings, le koporo. E boetse e supa liphaephe tse sieo.
• Tsela: Chekong ena, ho tlalehoa litlolo tsa sebaka lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa tsela le li-pads, li-circuits le likarolo tse ling tse amehang.
• Boholo: Cheko ea boholo e tlaleha boholo ba likarolo tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-pads, mela e beoeng, mongolo, li-neckdown tsa mela, li-arcs le li-arcs tse beotsoeng.
• Silver: Cheke ena e shebana le ho khetholla silevera pakeng tsa mela le liphaephe, hammoho le lipakeng tsa lipampiri tse fapaneng. E lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho silevera pakeng tsa tšobotsi ea mongolo le pad e sebetsang, ha e ntse e hlokomoloha silevera pakeng tsa likarolo tse peli tse nang le tšobotsi ea mongolo oa koporo.
• Li-Stubs: Tlhahlobo ea Stubs e na le boikarabello ba ho khetholla li-endpoints tsa mela e sa amaneng, ho netefatsa hore likhokahano tsohle li thehiloe ka nepo.

Ts'ebetso ena ea Li-Signal and Mixed Layer Checks e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botsitso ba matšoao le likarolo tse tsoakiloeng ka har'a moralo oa PCB. Ba kenya letsoho haholo ho manufacturability ka kakaretso ea PCB ka ho rarolla mathata le liphapang tse ka bang teng tse ka lebisang mathateng a tlhahiso le mathata a boleng.

Lisebelisoa tsa Power/Ground Checks li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tšebetsong ea Moralo oa Tlhahiso bakeng sa Tlhahiso (DFM), haholo matla, fatše, le likarolo tse tsoakiloeng tsa liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng (PCBs). Litlhahlobo tsena li sebelisa li-algorithms tse tsoetseng pele ho bona mathata a ka bang teng a tlhahiso ho matla a mabe le a matle le likarolo tsa fatše. Ka tlase ke lintlha tse tobileng tsa licheke tsena le merero ea tsona:

• Drill: Cheke ena e supa tlolo ea molao pakeng tsa Non-Plated through Holes (NTPHs), Plated through Holes (PTHs), le vias mabapi le lifofane, koporo, clearance, le mehele e annular. E netefatsa likhokahano tse nepahetseng tsa motlakase mme e thusa ho thibela lifupi.
• Silver: Cheke ea Silver e tlaleha boteng ba silevera ka mekhahlelo e mebe le e ntle. Lisilifera li ka lebisa likhokelong tsa motlakase tse sa reroang, tse tlamehang ho lokisoa ho boloka botšepehi ba PCB.
• Route: E supa maemo a sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa copper/clear elements le likarolo tsa tsela. Ho boloka sebaka se loketseng ho bohlokoa ho thibela li-circuits tse khutšoane.
• Thermal: Cheke ea Thermal e fana ka leseli mabapi le bophara ba puo (thae) mme e lekola phokotso ea khokahano ho lipampiri tsa mocheso. Lihokelo tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho qhala mocheso le ho tšepahala ha likaroloana.
• Sebaka sa NFP: Cheke ena e tlaleha karohano pakeng tsa Lipampitšana tse sa Ts'ebetsong (NFPs), NFPs, Non-Plated through Holes (NTPs), le lifofane. Sebaka se lekaneng se bohlokoa ho thibela tšitiso ea motlakase.
• Sebaka sa Lifofane: E supa sebaka pakeng tsa likarolo tse teng lifofaneng tse fapaneng. Sebaka se nepahetseng se thibela ho kopana le tšitiso lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa PCB.
• Libaka tsa ho Boloka/Keep-Out: Cheke ena e tlaleha boteng ba likarolo, ebang li ka hare kapa ka ntle ho libaka tsa Keep-In (Keein) kapa Keep-Out (Keepout).
• Bophara ba Sefofane: E supa maemo a bophara bo sa lekaneng ba koporo lipakeng tsa liboro tse peli tse hokahaneng le sefofane sa koporo. Bophara bo nepahetseng bo bohlokoa bakeng sa conductivity ea motlakase.
• Khokahano ea Sefofane: E lemoha libaka tse khaotsoeng tsa koporo, tseo hangata li sebelisoang e le lifofane tsa litšupiso. Ho sebetsana le likhaello tsena ho bohlokoa ho qoba marang-rang a sa hlalosoang kapa ho haella ha likhokahano tsa motlakase moralong.

Licheke tsena tsa Power/Ground li bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa hore PCB e ea sebetsa, ea ts'epahala, le ho latela maemo a indasteri, a kenya letsoho katlehong ea moralo oa hau oa PCB.

Licheke tsa Mask tsa Solder ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea Design for Manufacturability (DFM), e shebaneng haholo le ho lekola likarolo tsa mask a solder bakeng sa liphoso tse ka bang teng tsa tlhahiso. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore likarolo tsa mask a solder li nkuoa li le mpe, ho bolelang hore likarolo tsohle tse ntle li bonts'a tumello kapa ho se be teng ha limaske tsa solder. Licheke tsena li boetse li netefatsa boteng ba pente ea solder ho lisebelisoa tsohle tsa Surface Mount Device (SMD). Licheke li etsoa lera le le leng la mask a solder ka nako bakeng sa lehlakore le leng le le leng la PCB. Ka tlase, u tla fumana lintlha tsa licheke tsa mantlha le merero ea tsona:

• Drill: Cheke ena e supa maemo ao ho ona ho nang le sebaka se haufi sa ho buloa ha maske a solder a Plated through Hole (PTH)/Non-Plated through Hole (NPTH) mehele ea selemo le libaka tseo li-NPTH li kopanang le mask. Ho netefatsa tumello e nepahetseng ea mask a solder ho potoloha menyetla ena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela borokho ba solder nakong ea kopano.
• Li-Pads: Tlhahlobo ea li-Pads e tlaleha sebaka se haufi sa ho buloa ha limaske tsa solder bakeng sa lipampiri tsohle, ho kenyeletsoa le lipampiri tse sa buloang. E boetse e lekola sehlopha se ikhethileng se bitsoang "gaskets," se fana ka tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le bophara ba maske a solder ka likarolo. Sekoaelo se lekaneng sa maske sa solder ho pota-pota liphahlo ke sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela li-sholder shorts.
• Kakaretso: Tlhahlobo ena e supa mela e lutseng haufi haholo le libaka tseo ho hlakoloang ho tsona, e bonts'ang tšireletso e sa lekaneng ea maske a solder. Tšireletso e nepahetseng ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela marokho a solder pakeng tsa likarolo tse haufi tsa conductive.
• Route: E tlaleha maemo a sebaka se haufi lipakeng tsa maske a solder le likarolo tsa tsela. Ho boloka sebaka se loketseng pakeng tsa maske a solder le likarolo tsa tsela ho bohlokoa ho thibela litaba tsa kopano.
• Borokho: Joalo ka cheke ea Route, cheke ea Borokho e supa bohole bo haufi lipakeng tsa maske a solder le likarolo tsa tsela, e shebane haholo le libaka tseo marokho a solder a ka bang teng.
• Silver: E bona boteng ba silevera lipakeng tsa libaka tsa tumello ea mask ea solder. Lisilefera libakeng tsena li ka lebisa ho borikhoe bo bokhutšoaane ba motlakase 'me li tlameha ho rarolloa.
• Ha e eo: Cheke e sieo e tlaleha litšitiso life kapa life tse sieo karolong ea mask ea solder. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore lits'ebetso tsohle tse hlokahalang li teng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela lifupi tsa motlakase nakong ea kopano ea PCB.
• Sebaka: Chelete ena e totobatsa maemo a sebaka se haufi-ufi pakeng tsa libaka tse bulehileng, haholo-holo tse sephara ho feta silevera. Ho boloka sebaka se loketseng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela borokho ba solder.
• Eketsa: Cheke e Eketsehileng e supa likarolo tsa maske tsa solder tse haelloang ke lipache tsa koporo tse tsamaellanang kapa tse sa kopaneng le koporo. Khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa maske a solder le likarolo tsa koporo ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso le tlhahiso ea PCB.

Li-Check Mask tsa Solder li bohlokoa ho netefatsa boleng, ts'epahalo, le ho etsoa ha li-PCB, haholo ts'ebetsong ea kopano ea holim'a thaba. Ho sebetsana le mathata leha e le afe a khethiloeng nakong ea licheke tsena ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela bofokoli bo amanang le solder le mathata a kopano.

Litlhahlobo tsa Silkscreen Checks ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tšebetso ea Design for Manufacturability (DFM), ka tsepamiso e khethehileng ea ho hloaea mefokolo e ka bang teng ka har'a lisekoere tsa silika le ho hlahisa lipalo-palo tsa bohlokoa. Licheke tsena li sebetsa ka ho khetheha holim'a li-layer tsa silika, li itšetlehile ka matrix ea mosebetsi ho theha maqhama le koporo e ka ntle, mask a solder, le li-drill layers, tseo ba li etsang liteko. Ka tlase, re totobatsa licheke tsa mantlha le merero ea tsona:

• Solder Mask Clearance: Tlhahlobo ena e supa sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa likarolo tsa silika le tumello ea mask ea solder. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore sebaka se lekaneng pakeng tsa likarolo tsena ke sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela enke ea mask ea solder hore e se ke ea tsoa mali ho ea likarolong kapa ho baka marikhoe a motlakase.
• SMD Clearance: Tlhahlobo ea SMD Clearance e tlaleha sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa likarolo tsa silkscreen le li-pads tsa Surface Mount Device (SMD). Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng e bohlokoa ho thibela ho kena-kenana le ho beoa ha karolo ea SMD le ho soasoa.
• Pad Clearance: E supa sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa likarolo tsa silika le li-pads. Ho hlokahala tumello e lekaneng ea pad ho thibela mathata a likarolo tsa soldering le ho netefatsa likhokahano tse nepahetseng tsa motlakase.
• Hole Clearance: Cheke ena e tlaleha sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa likarolo tsa silika le libopo (likoti). Ho boloka sebaka se nepahetseng haufi le masoba ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela tšitiso ea mochini le motlakase.
• Ho Hlakola Tsela: Ho tšoana le ho phunya lesoba, cheke ea ho Hlakola Route e supa sebaka se haufi lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa sekirini sa silika le likarolo tsa tsela. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le sebaka se lekaneng ho potoloha litsela ho bohlokoa ho thibela mathata a ho bokella le ho tsamaisa litsela.
• Bophara ba Mola: Teko ea Bophara ba Mola e shebana le ho tsebahatsa litlolo tse amanang le bophara ba mela le likarolelano tsa bolelele ho isa ho bophara. Ho netefatsa hore mela e fihlella litlhoko tse boletsoeng ka bophara ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nepahala le boleng ba khatiso ea silika.
• String Overlap: Tlhahlobo ea String Overlap e tlaleha maemo ao likarolo tsa silika tse nang le boleng ba likhoele tse fapaneng li amang kapa li kopanang teng. Ho rarolla mathata a ho kopana ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka matshwao a hlakileng le a nepahetseng a sekirini sa silika.

Litlhahlobo tsa Silkscreen li thusa haholo ho netefatsa bonnete le boleng ba likarolo tsa PCB tsa silkscreen, tse fanang ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa pono le litšupiso ho PCB. Ka ho etsa licheke tsena, liphoso tse ka bang teng tsa tlhahiso li ka tsejoa le ho rarolloa, tse tlatsetsang katlehong e akaretsang ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB.