Ho utloisisa li-oscillator tsa Crystal le sebopeho sa tsona sa PCB

kristale oscillator ke sebapali sa bohlokoa moralong oa potoloho ea dijithale. Hangata moralong oa potoloho, oscillator ea kristale e nkuoa e le pelo ea potoloho ea dijithale. Mosebetsi oohle oa potoloho ea dijithale o ke ke oa arohanngoa le lets'oao la oache, 'me oscillator ea kristale e laola ka kotloloho ho qala ho tloaelehileng ha sistimi eohle.

Selelekela ho Crystal oscillator

Crystal oscillator ka kakaretso e bua ka mefuta e 'meli: quartz crystal oscillator le quartz crystal resonator, eo hape e ka bitsoang kristale oscillator. Kaofela li entsoe ka phello ea piezoelectric ea likristale tsa quartz.

Molao-motheo oa Piezoelectricity ho Crystal Oscillators

Ha khatello ea mochine e sebelisoa ho thepa ea piezoelectric, e kang quartz, e hlahisa tefiso ea motlakase ho pholletsa le libaka tsa eona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha sebaka sa motlakase se sebelisoa, thepa e fetola sebopeho, e hlahisa matla a mechine.
Mokhoa ona o tsosolositsoeng o sebelisoa hampe ka li-oscillator tsa kristale ho theha lets'oao le tsitsitseng la oscillating.

Quartz ke thepa e tloaelehileng ea piezoelectric e sebelisoang ho li-oscillator ka lebaka la botsitso, ho fumaneha le ho tsitsa ha eona.
kristale ea quartz e khaotsoeng ka sebopeho se nepahetseng e ka etsoa hore e thothomele ka lebelo le ikhethileng ha motlakase o sebelisoa ho eona. Lebaka ke hobane thepa e bonts'a maqhubu a resonant, joalo ka fereko ea tokiso.

Bokhoni ba ho hlahisa maqhubu a nepahetseng le a tsitsitseng a etsa hore likristale tsa quartz tsa piezoelectric e be tse loketseng ho boloka nako lioacheng, ho tsitsisa maqhubu a seea-le-moea-moea, le ho fana ka lets'oao la oache lipotolohong tse kopaneng tsa dijithale.

Sehlopha sa li-oscillator tsa kristale

Passive kristale oscillator

Passive crystal oscillator ke likristale, hangata lisebelisoa tse se nang polar tse 2-pin (li-oscillator tse ling tsa kristale tse sa sebetseng li na le lithakhisa tse sa tsitsitseng tse se nang polar).

Li-oscillator tsa kristale tse sa sebetseng hangata li hloka thuso ea potoloho ea oache e entsoeng ke capacitor ea mojaro ho hlahisa lets'oao la oscillation (letšoao la sine wave).

Oscillator ea kristale e sebetsang

Likristale tse sebetsang ke li-oscillator, hangata li na le likhoele tse 4. Li-oscillator tse sebetsang tsa kristale ha li hloke oscillator ea kahare ea CPU mme li hlahisa matšoao a lisekoere. Oscillator e sebetsang ea kristale e ka hlahisa lets'oao la oache ha e tsamaisoa ke eona.

Letšoao le sebetsang la crystal oscillator le tsitsitse, la boleng bo botle, 'me mokhoa oa ho hokahanya o batla o le bonolo. Phoso ea ho nepahala e nyane ho feta ea oscillator ea kristale e sa sebetseng, 'me theko e theko e boima ho feta ea passive crystal oscillator.

Mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea li-oscillator tsa kristale

Mocheso Range:

Paramethara ena e totobatsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso o teng moo kristale oscillator e etselitsoeng ho sebetsa hantle. E ama botsitso ba khafetsa ba kristale. Likristale li etselitsoe ho sebetsa mefuteng e sa tšoaneng, e kang ea khoebo (0°C ho ea ho 70°C), indasteri (-40°C ho ea ho 85°C), kapa ea sesole (-55°C ho isa ho 125°C). Lisebelisoa le moralo oa kristale li khetholla bokhoni ba eona ba ho mamella mocheso o feteletseng le ho boloka ts'ebetso.

Boleng bo Nepahetseng (Mamello ea Khafetsa):

Mamello ea maqhubu ke tekanyo ea hore na maqhubu a sebele a ka fapana hakae le maqhubu a boletsoeng a kristale oscillator. Hangata e hlahisoa ka likarolo ho milione (ppm) mme e bonts'a ho nepahala ha maqhubu a kristale tlasa maemo a boletsoeng. Ha boleng ba ppm bo le nyane, ho nepahala ho phahame. Sena se bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tseo ho tsona ho amahanngoang ho leng bohlokoa, joalo ka litsamaiso tsa likhokahano kapa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa nako.

Matla a Tšoanang (Bokhoni ba Mojaro):

Bophahamo ba moroalo bo bolela boholo ba bokhoni boo, ha bo hokahane le kristale, bo bo lumellang ho oscillate ka makhetlo a bona a boletsoeng. Capacitance e fosahetseng ea mojaro e ka hula maqhubu ho tloha boleng ba eona bo boletsoeng. Baetsi ba totobatsa bokhoni ba kristale ea mojaro, 'me baqapi ba potoloho ba tlameha ho e bapisa le li-capacitor tse nepahetseng tsa kantle ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.

Foromo ea ho paka:

Sephutheloana se bolela sebaka se kampetsoeng sa kristale oscillator, se ka fapanang ka boholo le sebopeho. Sephutheloana se tlameha ho sireletsa kristale e bonolo ea quartz le likarolo tsa eona tsa elektroniki ho tsoa linthong tsa tikoloho le khatello ea maikutlo. Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa makotikoti a tšepe a ka har'a lesoba, liphutheloana tsa ceramic tse ka holimo-limo, le liphutheloana tse nyane tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse nkehang. Khetho ea sephutheloana e khethoa ke lithibelo tsa sebaka sa kopo le litlhoko tsa tikoloho.

Maqhubu a Maqhubu (Makhetlo a Macha):

Leqhubu la mabitso ke lebelo le reretsoeng ho sebetsa la kristale oscillator. E khethoa ke ho khaola le boholo ba kristale ea quartz. Kristale e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e khaoloa hore e thothomele ka tlhaho ka lebelo le itseng, e leng ho etsang 'ho otla ha pelo' bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Maqhubu a macha a ka tloha ho li-kilohertz tse 'maloa (kHz) bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa maqhubu a tlase ho isa ho makholo a megahertz (MHz) bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa maqhubu a holimo, joalo ka li-transmitters tsa radio kapa likhomphutha.

Sebopeho sa moralo oa Crystal oscillator ho boto ea PCB

Joaloka pelo ea potoloho ea digital, kristale oscillator e ama botsitso ba tsamaiso eohle. Khetho ea tsamaiso ea kristale oscillator e etsa qeto ea katleho kapa ho hlōleha ha potoloho ea digital.

Kaha ho na le kristale ea quartz ka hare ho kristale oscillator, ho bonolo ho etsa hore oscillator ea kristale e khaotse ho sisinyeha ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea ka ntle, joalo-joalo, kahoo ho kenngoa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang oa kristale oscillator ho lokela ho nkoa ha ho etsoa potoloho, 'me sebaka sa eona se lokela ho nkoa. u se ke ua ba haufi le moeli oa boto, khetla ea lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo. Ha u beha kristale oscillator ho PCB, hangata u ela hloko lintlha tse latelang:

• Crystal oscillator e ke ke ea e-ba haufi haholo le moeli oa boto, 'me khetla ea kristale oscillator e tlameha ho behoa fatše, ho seng joalo e tla etsa hore habonolo kristale oscillator e khabise lerata.Sena ke sa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ho ela hloko ha ho etsoa boto. Ho theola khetla ho ka thibela oscillator ea kristale ho tsoa ka ntle, hape ho ka sireletsa oscillator ea kristale hore e se ke ea kena-kenana le matšoao a kantle. Haeba e tlameha ho hlophisoa moeling oa PCB, o ka beha mohala o mong oa GND haufi le mohala o hatisitsoeng oa kristale oscillator, ebe o phunya masoba sebakeng se itseng moleng oa fatše ho pota-pota oscillator ea kristale.
• Mehala ea matšoao e ke ke ea behoa tlas'a kristale oscillator, ho seng joalo e tla etsa hore habonolo melapo ea matšoao e kopane le lerata la harmonic le tsoang ho kristale oscillator.Etsa bonnete ba hore fatše ho katiloeng ka ho feletseng 'me u se ke ua tsamaisa wiring ka har'a 300mil ea kristale oscillator. Sena se ka thibela oscillator ea kristale ho kena-kenana le ts'ebetso ea lithapo tse ling, likarolo le likarolo.
• Haeba sesebelisoa sa filthara se behiloe tlas'a kristale oscillator, 'me mochine oa filthara le mohanyetsi o ts'oanang ha o hlophisoe ho ea ka tataiso ea phallo ea pontšo, phello ea ho hloekisa ea filthara e tla senyeha.Li-coupling capacitor li lokela ho behoa haufi le kamoo ho ka khonehang matlapa a matla a kristale oscillator ka tatellano e theohang ea boleng ba capacitance ho latela tataiso ea phallo ea matla.
• Mohala oa pontšo ea oache e lokela ho ba khutšoanyane ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ka bophara ba mohala o pharaletseng, 'me u fumane tekanyo pakeng tsa bolelele ba lithapo le sebaka se tsoang mehloling ea mocheso.Sebopeho se latelang se nkoa e le mohlala.

Bohlokoa ba Crystal Oscillator ho Lipotoloho tsa Dijithale

Lefats'eng la lipotoloho tsa dijithale, li-oscillator tsa kristale li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, hangata li hlalosoa e le "ho otla ha pelo" ea sistimi. Ba fana ka letšoao la bohlokoa la oache le bolokang ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lumellana, ho tloha ho ts'ebetso ea data ho ea ho puisano pakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sesebelisoa. Ak'u inahanele u leka ho boloka moqoqo le motho e mong haeba ho se le ea mong oa lōna ea neng a e-na le kutloisiso ea nako - ke kamoo potoloho ea digital e se nang pontšo e tsitsitseng ea oache e tla ba joang! Ka ho etsa bonnete ba hore nako e nepahetse ebile e tsitsitse, li-oscillator tsa kristale li thusa lisebelisoa tsa dijithale ho sebetsa hantle le ka bokhabane, ekaba ke smartphone ea hau, komporo kapa sistimi e rarahaneng ea puisano.

Malebela a ho Beha Crystal Oscillator ho PCB Boards

Ho beha li-oscillator tsa kristale ho PCB ha se feela taba ea ho fumana sebaka se loketseng; e mabapi le ho netefatsa hore ba sebetsa ka katleho ntle le tšitiso. Ho batla ho tšoana le ho khetha sebaka se nepahetseng bakeng sa ho lema palesa e bonolo serapeng sa hau - u lokela ho qoba libaka tse nang le maemo a thata. Bakeng sa li-oscillator tsa kristale, sena se bolela ho li boloka hole le mehloli ea lerata le phahameng le ho netefatsa hore li thehiloe hantle ho thibela lerata le sa batleheng. Ho bohlokoa hape ho li beha haufi le likarolo tseo li sebetsang le tsona le ho sebelisa mela e khuts'oane, e tobileng bakeng sa likhokahano. Maano ana a ho beha ka hloko a thusa ho boloka ho hlaka ha lets'oao la oache, e leng sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e bonolo ea potoloho eohle ea dijithale.

Haeba o hloka moralo le tšebeletso ea kopano ea PCB e ikhethileng kapa litharollo tse ling tsa PCB, ka kopo u se ke oa tsilatsila ho ikopanya le rona.