Kamoo Likhoele tsa PCB li Ntlafatsang Katleho ea Potoloho le Ts'ebetso

Khoeli ea PCB, eo hape e tsejoang e le inductor ea PCB e kopaneng, ke mofuta oa inductor o entsoeng ka kotloloho ho boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng (PCB) e sebelisang mesaletsa ea koporo. Likhoele tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki ka ho hlahisa matla a khoheli ha hona joale a phalla ho tsona, ho fana ka inductance bakeng sa polokelo ea matla le ts'ebetso ea matšoao. Ho kopanngoa ha li-coil tsa PCB ho PCB ka boeona ho lumella tharollo e sebetsang haholoanyane le e kopanetsoeng ha e bapisoa le li-inductors tsa setso. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba melao-motheo ea moralo, mekhoa ea masela, liparamente tsa ts'ebetso, lits'ebetso, le melemo ea li-coil tsa PCB holim'a likarolo tse ikhethang tsa inductive.

PCB Coil ke eng?

Coil ea PCB ke inductor ea tloaelo e etselitsoeng ho sebelisa mesaletsa ea koporo ho PCB ho theha sebopeho se kopantsoeng. Khoeli e ka nka mefuta e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le li-spirals, li-spirals, li-serpentine, kapa li-contactations tse rarahaneng tsa helical, ho itšetlehile ka inductance e hlokahalang le kopo. Ha motlakase o feta ka har'a coil, o hlahisa matla a khoheli, a bolokang matla ka nakoana 'me a hanyetsa liphetoho tsa hona joale. Sebopeho sena se etsa hore likhoele tsa PCB li be bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata, joalo ka phepelo ea motlakase, ts'ebetso ea mats'oao, le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla.

Ka ho kenya inductor ka ho toba ho PCB, baenjiniere ba felisa tlhokahalo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho kenya letsoho, tse lebisang ho bolokeng litšenyehelo, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea sebaka, le mekhoa e bonolo ea kopano. Boleng ba inductance ba khoele ea PCB bo khethoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa palo ea ho thinya, bophara ba trace, le sebaka pakeng tsa ho thinya.

Mefuta ea likhoele tsa PCB

Likhoele tsa PCB li tla ka litlhophiso tse 'maloa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e etselitsoe ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso. Mefuta e atileng haholo ea likhoele tsa PCB e kenyelletsa likhoele tsa spiral, serpentine, helical, le toroidal. Mefuta ena e fana ka melemo e ikhethang e ipapisitseng le lintlha tse kang inductance, footprint, le tshebetso tlas'a maemo a itseng a ts'ebetso.

Likhoele tsa Spiral
Likhoele tsa spiral li entsoe ka mesaletsa ea koporo e matsoelintsoeke ka mokhoa o bilikang, ebang ke ho ea ho oache kapa ho ea ka tsela e fapaneng le oache. Mofuta ona oa coil o fana ka moralo o kopaneng o nang le sekhahla se phahameng sa inductance, se etsa hore e be se loketseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso moo sebaka se lekanyelitsoeng. Ka lebaka la bonolo ba tsona, li-coil tsa spiral li sebelisoa haholo phepelong ea motlakase le lipotolohong tsa RF, moo litšitiso tsa sebaka le polokelo e nepahetseng ea matla e leng lintho tse tlang pele.

Likhoele tsa Serpentine
Li-coil tsa noha li entsoe ka mesaletsa ea koporo e eang pele le morao ka mokhoa o kang oa noha kapa oa zigzag. Mofuta ona o bonolo ho beoa ha o bapisoa le likhoele tsa spiral 'me o loketse ho fihlela boleng bo phahameng ba inductance sebakeng se lekanyelitsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, likhoele tsa serpentine li ka fokotsoa ke karabelo ea tsona khafetsa. Li-coil tsena li atisa ho sebelisoa ho li-filters tsa matla a tlaase-frequency le lipotoloho tse ling moo ho fokotsa sebaka le litšenyehelo ho leng bohlokoa.

Likotlolo tsa Helical
Li-coil tsa Helical ke li-coil tse mahlakore a mararo tse entsoeng ka ho atolosa mesaletsa ea koporo ho pholletsa le likarolo tse ngata tsa PCB ho sebelisa li-vias tse phunyeletsoeng ka lesoba. Moralo ona o lumella litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa inductance le bokhoni bo betere ba ho sebetsana le hona joale, ho etsa hore e loketse lits'ebetso tse sebetsang hantle. Li-coil tsena hangata li fumaneha lits'ebetsong tse matla a phahameng, ho kenyelletsa le li-converter tsa motlakase le li-circuits tsa RF tsa maqhubu a phahameng, moo ho hlokahalang thepa e matla ea inductive.

Likhoele tsa Toroidal
Li-coil tsa Toroidal li na le sebopeho se koetsoeng, se bōpehileng joaloka donut, se nang le mesaletsa ea koporo e pota-potileng mokokotlo oa selikalikoe. Tlhophiso ena e fana ka inductance e tsitsitseng le Q-factor e ntle haholo (boleng ba boleng), e thusang ho fokotsa tahlehelo le ho ntlafatsa matla a matla. Li-coil tsa Toroidal li sebelisoa hangata phepelong ea motlakase e nepahetseng, li-amplifiers tsa RF, le li-filters tsa EMI, moo ho boloka ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le ho fokotsa tšitiso ho bohlokoa.

Khetho ea mofuta oa khoele ea PCB e ipapisitse le litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa ts'ebeliso, joalo ka inductance, frequency range, sebaka, le ts'ebetso ea hajoale. Li-spiral le li-serpentine li loketse tharollo e sebetsang, e theko e tlaase, ha li-coil tsa helical le toroidal li loketse hantle bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng, lisebelisoa tse matla haholo. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa li-coil o na le melemo ea oona e ikhethang, 'me ho khetha o nepahetseng ho ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso le ts'epahalo ea tsamaiso eohle ea elektronike. Ebang li sebelisoa phepelong ea motlakase, lipotolohong tsa RF, kapa lits'ebetsong tse sefang, likhoele tsa PCB li fana ka tharollo e fapaneng le e sebetsang ea ho kopanya inductance ho meralo ea sejoale-joale ea elektroniki.

Likhoele tsa PCB li sebetsa Joang?

Li-coil tsa PCB li sebetsa ka melao-motheo e tšoanang ea motlakase joaloka li-inductors tsa maqeba a khale. Hona joale e phallang ka har'a mesaletsa ea koporo e hlahisa matla a khoheli a pota-potileng khoele. Molao-motheo o ka sehloohong oa boitšoaro bona ke inductance, e hanyetsang liphetoho tsa hona joale le ho boloka matla ka har'a matla a khoheli. Matla a khoheli a hlahisoang ke coil a eketseha ka palo ea ho chenchana, 'me inductance e angoa ke bophara ba trace, sebaka le maqhubu a hona joale.

1. Tšoaro: Bokhoni ba coil ho hanyetsa liphetoho tsa phallo ea hona joale. Sena se laolwa ke sebopeho sa coil, ho kenyelletsa boholo le palo ea ho thinya.
2. Matla a khoheli: Hona joale ho susumetsa matla a khoheli a bolokang matla, a lokolloang ha hona joale a fokotseha.
3. Ho se mamelle: Coil e fana ka impedance e eketsehang ka makhetlo a mangata, e leng tšobotsi ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sefa lits'ebetso le taolo ea matla.

Likhoele tsa PCB li Hahoa Joang?

Likhoele tsa PCB li etsoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso ea PCB , ka liphetoho tse ling ho amohela likarolo tsa inductive. Litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa tsa kaho li kenyelletsa:

1. Mekhahlelo ea Koporo: Khoeli e atisa ho thehoa likarolong tse ka ntle tsa PCB, le hoja e ka fetela ka har'a likarolo tse ka hare ka likoti tse phunyeletsoeng (vias). Palo ea lihlopha e ama inductance ea coil le bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa hona joale.
2. Lekola Bophara le Sebaka: Bophara ba mesaletsa e ama ka ho toba matla a ho jara ha coil hona joale, ka mesaletsa e pharaletseng e lumellang hore ho feta hona joale ho fete. Karohano e tiileng pakeng tsa ho chenchana e eketsa inductance empa e ka fokotsa karabelo ea khafetsa ea coil.
3. Fetola le Coil Footprint: Liphetoho tse ling li eketsa inductance empa hape li hloka sebaka se eketsehileng sa PCB. Sebaka sa maoto se tlameha ho leka-lekanya inductance e lakatsehang le ho fokotsa bokhoni ba parasitic le ho hanyetsa.
4. Ka: Li-plated through-holes li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa PCB le ho etsa li-coil tse ngata, ho etsa bonnete ba hore coil e na le ts'ebetso e lekaneng ea motlakase le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le hona joale.

PCB Coil Design Tlhahlobo ea Botekgeniki le Mekhoa ea Boenjiniere

Litsamaisong tsa lebelo le holimo tsa dijithale le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja waelese, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea khola ea PCB ho hloka mokhoa o felletseng oa boenjiniere ba litsamaiso. Sengoliloeng sena se bua ka liphephetso tse tloaelehileng tsa moralo mme se fana ka tharollo ea boenjiniere bakeng sa lintlha tse hlano tsa bohlokoa tsa tekheniki ho moralo oa coil oa PCB.

1. Taolo e Nepahetseng ea Li-Parameters tsa Inductance

Ho fihlela litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa inductance ho li-coil tsa PCB ho hloka mohlala o nepahetseng le tlhahlobo ea fisiks e mengata. Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea 3D electromagnetic field simulation e khothaletsoa ho bolela esale pele kabo ea matla a khoheli ka har'a meaho e nang le mekhahlelo e mengata. Molao-motheo o mong oa bohlokoa oa moralo ke karo-karolelano ea bophara/sepakapaka, e lokelang ho boloka sebaka sa bonyane makhetlo a mararo ho qoba ho hlakoloa ha matla a khoheli lipakeng tsa mesaletsa e haufi. Ho feta moo, matšeliso a ho mamella lintho tse bonahalang a bohlokoa; ho feto-fetoha ha botenya ba substrate (± 10%) ho tlameha ho baloa, 'me moeli oa inductance oa 12% -15% o lokela ho bolokeloa mamello ea tlhahiso.

Mohlala oa Nyeoe : Khoele ea ho tjhaja e se nang mohala ea mekhahlelo e 4 e ntlafalitse botsitso ba eona ba inductance ka 40% ka ho lokisa sebopeho sa ho kobeha se nang le seipone sa lera la boraro.

2. Wideband Adaptive Design

Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa maqhubu a phahameng, likhoele tsa PCB li tlameha ho etsoa hore li ikamahanye le mefuta e mengata ea maqhubu. Mokhoa o mong oa puseletso ea impedance ke ho sebelisa sebopeho sa bophara ba trace bo nang le tapered, moo bophara ba trace ba kantle bo leng bophara ba 20% ho feta likarolo tse ka hare. Ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea dielectric, ho bohlokoa ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea thepa ea FR4 le lisebelisoa tsa maqhubu a phahameng, kaha phapang ea tahlehelo ho 2.4 GHz e ka feta 5 dB. Ho feta moo, likhetho tsa kalafo ea bokaholimo, joalo ka ho sebelisa lera la plating ea khauta ea lik'hemik'hale ea 3μm, li ka ntlafatsa haholo katleho ea ho tsamaisa maqhubu a phahameng ka 18-22%.

Keletso e Sebetsang : Sebelisa sesebelisoa sa ho sekaseka marang-rang a vector ho lekola tsela eo chate ea Smith e tsamaeang ka eona, ho netefatsa hore selikalikoe sa impedance se lula se le ka har'a sebaka se tšoanang bakeng sa ho hokahanya impedance hantle.

3. Ntlafatso ea lintlha tse ngata tsa Q Factor

Ntho ea boleng (Q factor) ke metric ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ho likhoele tsa PCB, 'me ho e ntlafatsa ho kenyelletsa maano a mangata. Ntlafatso ea foil ea koporo e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa, 'me ho khethoa foil ea koporo e khutlisitsoeng (RTF) ho fokotsa ho ba ha holimo ho 0.5μm, e fokotsang tahlehelo ea letlalo. Litlhahiso tsa sebopeho sa geometri, joalo ka ho sebelisa meaho e matsoelintsoeke ea octagonal, li bonts'itse ho ntlafatsa tekano ea matla a khoheli ka 25% ha e bapisoa le meralo ea khale ea lisekoere.

Ho boloka ho nepahala, mekhoa ea semi-additive (mSAP) e netefatsa ho nepahala ha bophara ba mela ka hare ho ± 8μm.

Netefatso ea Tshebetso : Kamora ntlafatso, Q factor ea coil ho 13.56 MHz e ka tloha ho 120 ho isa ho 150.

4. Self-Resonant Frequency (SRF) Moqapi oa Botsitso

Botsitso ba "self-resonant frequency" (SRF) bo bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore coil ea PCB e boloka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ho pholletsa le mefuta ea eona ea maqhubu a ts'ebetso. Mokhoa o mong oa ho hatella capacitance e ajoang ke ka ho sebelisa litlhophiso tsa matsoelintsoeke tse se nang symmetric, tse ka fokotsang bokhoni ba li-inter-layer parasitic capacitance ka 30-35%. Ho feta moo, ho kenya li-capacitor tse nyane tsa ceramic libakeng tse matsoelintsoeke ho lefella lichifi tsa mekhahlelo e phahameng.

Tataiso ea Polokeho ea Moralo : Maqhubu a ts'ebetso ha aa lokela ho feta 1/3 ea SRF ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng. Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa: Li-analyzer tsa Impedance li ka sebelisoa ho lekola liphetoho tsa sekhutlo sa mohato, ho fumana ka nepo boleng ba 'nete ba SRF.

5. Taolo ea Tsamaiso ea Matla a Parasitic

Ho laola bokgoni ba dikokonyana tse phelang ka hara dikhoele tsa PCB ho bohlokwa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ba lets'oao le tshebetso ka kakaretso. Mokgwa o mong ke ho ntlafatsa thepa ya dielectric ka ho sebedisa di-substrate tse nang le dielectric constant e tlase (D _k = 3.5) le ho kenyelletsa meaho ya mahe a dinotshi. Ho fokotsa ho hokahana pakeng tsa mealo, leano la ho kopanya la 3D le meaho ya X/Y/Z ya di-orthogonal tse tharo le lokela ho sebediswa dibotong tsa HDI tse nang le mealo e fetang 8.

Tšireletso e Matla : Ho eketsa lihlopha tsa koporo tse sitsitsoeng ka moqomo makhetlong a mang le a mang a mararo ho etsa lesaka la Faraday ho ka fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba likokoana-hloko.

Katleho : Mojuleng wa maqhubu a 5G millimeter, khoele e ntlafaditsweng e fokotsa bokgoni ba dikokonyana ho isa ho karolo ya bohlano ya meralo ya setso.

6. Phethahatso ea Boenjiniere le Teko

Ts'ebetsong ea boenjiniere ea li-coil tsa PCB e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata ea bohlokoa. Nakong ea sethala sa simulation ea electromagnetic, ho etsoa mofuta oa 3D o nang le lisebelisoa tsa thepa, o shebane le litlamorao tsa tšimo. Tlhahiso ea prototype e ea latela, e sebelisa mokhoa o hatelitsoeng oa parametha ho theha lihlopha tse 5-7 tsa lisampole tsa papiso. Kamora moo, netefatso ea liteko e etsoa ka ho etsa liteko tsa khafetsa ho sebelisa mitha ea LCR kahare ho sebaka sa 0.1-100 MHz.

Ntlafatso ea Phetoho : Topology ea sebopeho e fetoloa ho latela liparamente tsa S21, 'me phetoho ka' ngoe e ntlafatsa katleho ea ts'ebetso ka hoo e ka bang 15-20%. Teko ea ho qetela e tlameha ho kenyelletsa teko ea S-parameter e sebelisang analyzer ea marang-rang ho netefatsa ho tšoana hantle ha impedance ka har'a bandwidth ea -3dB.

Bakeng sa moralo oa tlhahiso, ho boetse ho thusa ho bapisa sehlooho sena le tlhahlobo ea moralo oa PCB le tlhahiso ea PCB ea microwave ea RF pele ho phethoa tlhahiso kapa sephutheloana sa kopano.

PCB Coil Fabrication

Ho etsoa ha li-coil tsa PCB ho latela mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso ea PCB, ka mehato e meng ea ho netefatsa hore coil e kopana le ts'ebetso e hlokahalang ea motlakase le mochine:

1. Manala: Paterone ea li-coil e kentsoe holim'a likarolo tsa koporo ho sebelisoa lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa PCB, ho netefatsa sebopeho se nepahetseng sa mohlala.
2. Ho pata: Li-plated through-holes (vias) li sebelisoa ho hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa PCB le ho etsa li-coil tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata bakeng sa inductance e ntlafetseng.
3. Mask ea solder: Mask ea solder e sebelisoa ho thibela lipotoloho tse khutšoanyane le ho fana ka insulation ho coil.
4. Testing: Ka mor'a ho etsoa, ​​​​coil inductance ea PCB, Q factor, le frequency self-resonant frequency lia lekoa ho netefatsa hore li kopana le litlhaloso tse lakatsehang.

Melemo ea PCB Coils

Ha ho bapisoa le li-inductors tsa setso, li-coil tsa PCB li fana ka melemo e mengata:

1. E na le litšenyehelo: Ka ho kopanya coil ka ho toba ho PCB, ha ho hlokahale likarolo tse fapaneng tsa inductor, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa likarolo le nako ea kopano.
2. Ho boloka sebaka: Likhoeli tsa PCB li sebelisa sebaka se fumanehang ho PCB, ho fokotsa palo ea likarolo tsohle le ho lokolla sebaka bakeng sa likarolo tse ling.
3. Kopano e Nolofalitsoeng: Ha ho na likarolo tsa li-coil tsa discrete tse ka hlophisoang, ts'ebetso ea kopano e nolofatsoa, ​​e fokotsa ho rarahana le monyetla oa litaba tsa khokahano.
4. Li-Parasitics tse fokolitsoeng: Coil e kenngoa ka har'a PCB, e fokotsa likarolo tsa parasitic tse kang stray inductance le capacitance, ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ka kakaretso.
5. Phallo e Ntle ea Mocheso: Mocheso o hlahisoang ke coil o hasana ho pholletsa le PCB, ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea mocheso le ho thibela libaka tse chesang.

fihlela qeto e

Li-coil tsa PCB ke tharollo e sebetsang hantle haholo ebile e theko e tlase bakeng sa ho kopanya likarolo tsa inductive ho lipotoloho tsa elektroniki. Ka ho kenya coil ka kotloloho ho PCB, bahlahisi ba ka fokotsa palo ea likarolo, ba boloka sebaka, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ka kakaretso. Ka moralo o hlokolosi le masela a maiketsetso, likhoele tsa PCB li ka hlophisoa ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng, ho tloha phepelong ea motlakase ho isa ho lipotoloho tsa RF le sefa sa EMI. Highleap Electronics, e nang le tsebo ea eona ea ho etsa le ho kopanya PCB, e fana ka litharollo tsa li-coil tsa PCB ho fihlela litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa lihlahisoa tsa hau tsa elektroniki, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ts'epo.