Tataiso e hlakileng ea PIC Microcontrollers ea 2024

Peripheral Interface Controllers, kapa PIC microcontrollers, e 'nile ea e-ba setsi se ka sehloohong tsamaisong e kenyelletsoeng le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa indasteri ho tloha ha li qala ho 1993. Qalong e etselitsoe ho laola lisebelisoa tsa peripheral bakeng sa lik'homphieutha tsa PDP, PIC microcontrollers e se e le e 'ngoe ea malapa a microcontroller a sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa, ka lebaka la boiketlo ba bona ba tšebeliso, ho khoneha, le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo. Bokhoni ba ho ts'ehetsa mananeo a serial, basebelisi ba bangata, le bonolo ba ho hokahanya li tiisitse li-microcontroller tsa PIC e le tharollo bakeng sa batho ba ratang ho itlosa bolutu le litsebi.

Bakeng sa lihlopha tsa tlhahiso, khetho ea PIC microcontroller e lokela ho hlahlojoa hammoho le tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa PCB le kaho ea pele ea PCB ea mohlala , hobane pinout, oscillator routing, phihlello ea mananeo, le ho arola matla hangata li etsa qeto ea hore na tlhahlobo ea firmware e qala hantle.

Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka lethathamo le felletseng la li-microcontrollers tse 20 tse tsebahalang haholo tsa PIC 'marakeng bakeng sa 2024, ho ipapisitsoe le ts'ebetso, katleho ea litšenyehelo, le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso.

PIC Microcontroller ke eng?

Li-microcontroller tsa PIC ke li-circuits tse kopaneng (ICs) tse etselitsoeng ho etsa mesebetsi e kang ts'ebetso ea data, taolo ea matšoao, le ho hokahana le lisebelisoa tse ling. Ka kakaretso li kenyelletsa likou tsa CPU, memori, input/output (I/O), le li-timers ho chip e le 'ngoe. PIC MCUs e ts'ehetsa liprothokholo tsa puisano joalo ka UART, SPI, le CAN, e li etsa hore li fetohe habonolo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng joalo ka boits'oaro, liroboto, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki le tse ling.

Li arotsoe ka lihlopha ho ipapisitsoe le meaho ea tsona e nyane, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta ea 8-bit, 16-bit le 32-bit. Sehlopha se seng le se seng se shebane le maemo a fapaneng a ho rarahana mererong, 'me li-PIC tsa 8-bit li tumme ka ho khetheha bakeng sa mesebetsi e bonolo ka lebaka la ho leka-lekana ha matla le ts'ebetso ea tsona.

Li-Microcontrollers tse 20 tse tsebahalang haholo tsa PIC ka 2024

Li-microcontroller tsa PIC li ntse li tsoela pele ho laola sebopeho sa litsamaiso tse kentsoeng, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho feto-fetoha ha tsona, ho khoneha, le bokhoni ba ho kopanngoa mefuteng e mengata ea likopo. Mona ke kakaretso ea li-microcontrollers tse 20 tse holimo tsa PIC bakeng sa 2024, tse nang le leseli mabapi le likarolo tsa tsona le linyeoe tse tloaelehileng tsa ts'ebeliso.

1. PIC16F877A

PIC16F877A ke 8-bit microcontroller e sebelisoang haholo, e fanang ka 368 byte ea RAM, 256 byte ea EEPROM, le 10-bit ADC e nang le likanale tse 8. E na le ts'ehetso ea PWM le litaelo tse bonolo tse 35 bakeng sa ho nolofatsa lenaneo. Ka 14KB ea memori ea Flash le maqhubu a ts'ebetso a 20 MHz, e loketse lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso. Ho feto-fetoha ha eona le ho khoneha ho etsa hore e be setsi sa motheo bakeng sa merero e hlokang li-interfaces tse ngata tsa I/O le phetoho ea analog-to-digital.

2. PIC18F4550

Microcontroller ena e bohlokoa ka boqapi ba eona ba 8-bit ka tšehetso ea USB 2.0, e kenyelletsang mohopolo o ntlafalitsoeng oa Flash oa 32KB le 13-channel 10-bit ADC. Transceiver ea eona ea USB e hahelletsoeng e e etsa hore e tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kentsoeng tse thehiloeng ho USB, joalo ka balaoli ba peripheral le merero ea ho rekota data. Ts'ehetso ea In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) e ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea eona bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.

3. PIC12F683

Sesebelisoa sa microcontroller se kopaneng sa 8-bit, PIC12F683 e na le li-pin tse 6 tsa I/O le li-byte tse 128 tsa EEPROM. E kopanya ADC ea 10-bit e nang le likanale tse 4 'me e kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho robala bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho boloka matla. Sena se etsa hore e be se loketseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tlaase tsa matla, ho kenyelletsa le li-sensor tse hōle le lisebelisoa tse nyenyane, moo ts'ebetso ea betri e leng senotlolo.

4. PIC16F84A

E tsejoa ka mokhoa o bonolo, 8-bit microcontroller ena e fana ka li-pin tsa 13 I / O, li-byte tse 68 tsa RAM, le li-byte tse 64 tsa EEPROM. Mofuta oa eona o monyane oa sebopeho le mokhoa oa ho robala o bolokang matla o etsa hore e tuma mererong ea thuto le lits'ebetsong tse nyane tsa othomathiki. Ka mantsoe a 1024 a Flash memory, e bohlokoa haholo molemong oa ho ithuta le ho etsa prototyping.

5. PIC32MX170F256

Microcontroller ea 32-bit e etselitsoeng lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele haholo, e fana ka 256KB ea Flash memory mme e sebetsa ka makhetlo a 64 MHz. Sena se etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa mesebetsi e hlokang matla a phahameng a ho sebetsa, joalo ka liroboto tse tsoetseng pele kapa lisebelisoa tsa Inthanete tsa Lintho (IoT). E boetse e kenyelletsa liprothokholo tsa puisano tsa UART, SPI, le I²C, e ntse e atolosa ho feto-fetoha ha eona.

6. PIC24FJ64GA002

Microcontroller ena ea 16-bit e na le 64KB ea Flash memory le ts'ehetso ea oache ea nako ea nnete e hahelletsoeng, hammoho le 16-channel 10-bit ADC. E sebelisoa khafetsa lits'ebetsong tsa taolo ea indasteri, ho rengoa ha data ka nako ea nnete, le lits'ebetso tsa ho beha leihlo, moo ho boloka nako e nepahetseng le ts'ebetso ea data e hlokahalang.

7. PIC18F46K22

Microcontroller ea 8-bit e nang le likanale tse 16 tsa 10-bit ADC le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea matla a tlaase, PIC18F46K22 e boetse e kenyelletsa 64KB ea Flash memory le 5 PWM modules. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho fumana lintlha le taolo ea makoloi bo etsa hore e be bo loketseng bakeng sa merero e thehiloeng ho sensor le litsamaiso tsa taolo tse ikemetseng.

8. PIC18F25K22

Ka li-pins tse 28 tsa I/O, 64KB ea Flash memory, le likanale tse 24 tsa 12-bit ADC, microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e ipabola ho li-sensor interfacing le litsamaiso tsa ho lekola nako ea nnete. Mekhoa ea eona ea ho robala e nang le matla a tlase e etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse se nang matla, joalo ka taolo ea makoloi kapa li-sensor tse kenelletseng.

9. PIC12F629

Microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e na le li-pin tse 8, tse 6 tsa tsona e leng li-pin tsa I/O tse lokisehang. E kenyelletsa li-byte tsa 128 tsa EEPROM le mokhoa oa ho robala oa matla a tlaase, e leng se etsang hore e ratoe mekhoeng ea likoloi le libaka tse bonolo tsa taolo ea indasteri. Boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane le ho sebetsa hantle ha eona ho etsa hore e tšoanelehe hantle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki.

10. PIC18F87K22

E sebetsa ho 64 MHz, microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e tšehetsa liteishene tsa analog tse 24 tse nang le 12-bit ADC 'me e sebetsa holim'a mefuta e mengata ea motlakase ea 1.8 ho ea ho 5.5 V. E sebelisoa khafetsa lisebelisoa tse tsamaisoang ke betri le mekhoa ea indasteri e hlokang matla a matla hammoho le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho sebetsa.

11. PIC32MZ2048EFH144

Microcontroller ena e matla ea 32-bit e na le 2MB ea memori ea Flash le enjine ea crypto e hahelletsoeng ka hare bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng ea data. E loketse hantle lits'ebetso tsa IoT tsa maemo a holimo, marang-rang a sireletsehileng, le litsamaiso tsa multimedia. Bokhoni ba eona bo tsoetseng pele ba ts'ebetso bo e nolofalletsa ho sebetsana le data e ngata le likhokahano tse sireletsehileng.

12. PIC18F14K50

Motlakase oa compact 8-bit microcontroller, PIC18F14K50 e kopanya tšehetso ea USB 2.0 le 9-channel 10-bit ADC, e etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa USB, tse kang lisebelisoa tsa sefahleho sa motho (HID) kapa lisebelisoa tsa data tse thehiloeng ho USB.

13. PIC16F690

Microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e tla le likhoele tse 20 tsa I/O, ADC ea 10-bit, le likarolo tsa puisano tsa serial, ho kenyeletsoa tšehetso ea PWM. Boiketlo ba eona ba ho kopanya bo etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa merero e thehiloeng ho sensor le lits'ebetso tsa matla a tlase joalo ka li-automation tsa lapeng le lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa elektroniki.

14. PIC12F675

E tummeng 8-bit microcontroller e nang le 6 GPIO pins, PIC12F675 e fana ka li-byte tse 128 tsa EEPROM le 10-bit ADC. E sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse tlase tsa indasteri moo meaho ea RISC e netefatsang ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mesebetsi e bonolo, joalo ka ho bala data ea sensor le ts'ebetso ea matšoao.

15. PIC18F46K80

E etselitsoe mekhoa ea puisano ea likoloi, microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e tšehetsa puisano ea CAN le theknoloji ea XLP (Extreme Low Power). E na le 32KB ea memori ea Flash, e e etsa khetho ea mantlha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa libese tsa CAN tsa likoloi le tsa indasteri moo ho boloka matla ho leng bohlokoa.

16. PIC16F88

Microcontroller ena ea 8-bit e na le theknoloji e ntlafalitsoeng ea nanoWatt bakeng sa merero e sa tsotelleng matla. Memori ea eona ea 7KB Flash le li-pins tse 16 tsa I/O li e etsa khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ke betri le lisebelisoa tse ling tse nang le matla a tlase, joalo ka lintho tse roaloang le li-sensor tse hole.

17. PIC16F1829

Microcontroller ena e etselitsoe lisebelisoa tse baballang matla, ka theknoloji ea matla a tlase haholo (XLP) le oscillator ea ka hare ea 16 MHz. 32KB ea memori ea Flash le likarolo tsa nako ea nnete li e etsa hore e be e loketseng IoT le theknoloji e ka roaloang, moo bophelo bo bolelele ba betri bo leng bohlokoa.

18. PIC16F676

E nang le liteishene tse 8 tsa 10-bit ADC, 128 bytes tsa EEPROM, le 8 I/O pins, PIC16F676 ke microcontroller ea 8-bit e loketseng hantle lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa bareki, lisebelisoa le tsamaiso ea indasteri e hlokang analog-to-digital e nepahetseng. tshokoloho.

19. PIC18F458

PIC18F458 e fana ka 32KB ea memori ea Flash le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho teba hona joale, hammoho le tšehetso e kopaneng ea libese tsa CAN. Hangata e sebelisoa ho liindasteri tsa liindasteri le litsamaiso tsa likoloi, moo litsamaiso tse matla tsa puisano le taolo li hlokahalang bakeng sa taolo ea data ea nako ea nnete le tlhahlobo ea sistimi.

20. PIC32MX250F128B

Microcontroller ena ea 32-bit e na le 128KB ea memori ea Flash mme e sebetsa ho 40 MHz. Liprothokholo tsa eona tse kopaneng tsa UART, SPI, le I²C li etsa hore e be mokhethoa ea matla bakeng sa litsamaiso tse kentsoeng tse sebetsang hantle, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le balaoli ba maemo a holimo ba indasteri.

E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-microcontroller tsena tsa PIC e tlisa likarolo tse ikhethang tafoleng, ebang ke matla a ho sebetsa, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a I/O kapa ho sebetsa hantle ha matla. Li akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso ho tloha ho li-sensor tse bonolo ho ea ho litsamaiso tse rarahaneng tsa indasteri, li li etsa likarolo tse fapaneng bakeng sa baenjiniere le bahlahisi ho pholletsa le liindasteri.

Mehaho ea Motheo ea PIC Microcontrollers

Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa sebopeho sa PIC microcontroller ha u khetha e nepahetseng bakeng sa projeke ea hau. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:

• CPU (Sehlopha se Bohareng sa Ts'ebetso) : Joalo ka li-microcontroller tse ling, CPU e sebetsana le litaelo le ho sebetsana le ts'ebetso ea lipalo/ea logical. E buisana le likarolo tse ling tsa sistimi ho etsa mesebetsi.

• Memori (Memori ea Lenaneo le ea Data) : Li-microcontroller tsa PIC li na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea memori:

  • Memori ea Lenaneo e boloka khoutu eo microcontroller e e sebelisang.
  • Data Memory (RAM) e sebetsana le polokelo ea nakoana ea mefuta-futa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lenaneo. EEPROM e kanna ea fumaneha bakeng sa polokelo ea data e sa fetoheng.

• Likou tsa I/O : Likou tse ngata li lumella microcontroller ho buisana le lisebelisoa tsa kantle. Palo le mofuta oa li-pin tsa I/O (tse kang li-converter tsa analog-to-digital) lia fapana pakeng tsa mehlala e fapaneng ea PIC.

• Li-timer le ADC (Analog ho ea ho Digital Converter) : Li-timer li thusa ho laola mesebetsi e itšetlehileng ka nako, ha li-ADC li fetolela matšoao a analog ho ea ho a dijithale, a thusang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse thehiloeng ho sensor.

• Oscillator : E laola maqhubu a oache ea microcontroller, e hlalosa lebelo leo e sebetsang ka lona.

• Di-Interface tsa Puisano : Di-microcontroller tsa PIC di tshehetsa diprothokholo tse kang USART, SPI, le I²C, tse di dumellang ho hokahana le dikarolo tse ding tsa hardware le di-sensor.

Ho Khetha Microcontroller e nepahetseng ea PIC

Ha u khetha PIC microcontroller bakeng sa morero oa hau, nahana ka lintlha tse latelang:

1. Khokahano ea Puisano: Netefatsa hore microcontroller e ts'ehetsa liprothokholo tsa puisano (joalo ka UART, I²C, kapa SPI) tseo lisebelisoa tsa hau li li hlokang.
2. bueloang gagamalo: Khetha microcontroller e nang le motlakase o sebetsang o loketseng ho tsamaisana le likarolo tse moralong oa hau.
3. I/O Pins: Netefatsa hore o na le liphini tse lekaneng tsa kakaretso-purpose input/output (GPIO) bakeng sa ho laola lisebelisoa tsa hau tsa kantle. Haeba morero oa hau o kenyelletsa li-motor kapa li-sensor, nahana ka palo ea PWM le ADC pins.
4. Sebeliso ea Matla: Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tsamaisoang ke betri kapa tse hlokang matla, khetha li-microcontroller tse nang le theknoloji e tlase haholo (XLP).
5. ditjeho: Bapisa theko ea li-microcontroller tse fapaneng ho latela likarolo tseo ba fanang ka tsona. Li-microcontrollers tse ngata tsa theko e tlase tsa PIC li fana ka ts'ebetso e lekaneng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse bonolo.

Lisebelisoa tsa Lenaneo bakeng sa PIC Microcontrollers

Ha o nts'etsapele ka li-microcontrollers tsa PIC, ho bohlokoa ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea nts'etsopele. Ka tlase ho na le lisebelisoa tse peli tse tsebahalang haholo le tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa li-microcontroller tsa PIC.

1. MPLAB X IDE

MPLAB X IDE ke tikoloho ea semmuso e kopaneng ea ntlafatso (IDE) e fanoeng ke Microchip Technology bakeng sa ho hlophisa le ho lokisa li-microcontrollers tsa PIC. E ipapisitse le sethala sa NetBeans se bulehileng, se ts'ehetsa likarolo tse fapaneng ho thusa bahlahisi ho theha, ho aha le ho lokisa khoutu ea bona.

Likaroloana :

• • Sebopeho sa lifensetere tse ngata bakeng sa ho hlophisa likarolo tsa morero.
  • E ts'ehetsa debugging, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete ea mefuta-futa le li-breakpoints tsa khoutu.
  • Ketsiso ea boits'oaro ba microcontroller, e u lumellang hore u leke lenaneo la hau ntle le ho hloka lisebelisoa tsa 'mele.
  • Khokahano ea li-cross-platform (e tšehetsa Windows, macOS, le Linux).
  • Ts'ehetso e kopantsoeng bakeng sa baqapi ba fapaneng, joalo ka MPLAB XC8, XC16, le XC32, e etselitsoeng malapa a fapaneng a li-microcontrollers tsa PIC.
  • E tšehetsa li-plugins tsa motho oa boraro bakeng sa likarolo tse ling.

MPLAB X IDE e loketse hantle bakeng sa bahlahisi ba sebetsang le li-microcontrollers tsa PIC kaha li hokahana ka mokhoa o se nang moroalo le li-program tsa hardware tsa Microchip le li-debugger, e fana ka tikoloho e kopaneng ea nts'etsopele.

2. PICKIT4

PICKIT4 ke sesebelisoa se tsebahalang haholo sa in-circuit debugger ebile se sebelisoa ho kenya khoutu ho li-microcontroller tsa PIC. E hokahana le komporo ka USB mme e hokahana le microcontroller ka lithakhisa tsa eona tsa lenaneo. PICKIT4 ke mohlahlami oa PICKIT3 ea pejana mme e tlisa lintlafatso tse 'maloa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng le boiphihlelo ba mosebelisi.

Likaroloana :

• • Mananeo a potlakileng le lebelo la ho lokisa liphoso ha a bapisoa le liphetolelo tse fetileng.
  • E ts'ehetsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-microcontroller tsa PIC, ho kenyelletsa le mefuta e mecha.
  • E lumella basebelisi ho hlophisa microcontroller ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho MPLAB X IDE.
  • Slot ea karete ea SD e hahelletsoeng ka hare bakeng sa ho boloka firmware le lifaele tsa projeke.
  • Moralo o nkehang habobebe, o e etsa sesebelisoa se sebetsang hantle bakeng sa mosebetsi oa masimong kapa oa ho etsa mananeo sebakeng sa marang-rang.

PICKIT4 e nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea ho khoasolla firmware ho microcontroller mme e fana ka ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa liphoso, e lumellang baetsi ho rarolla mathata le ho ntlafatsa khoutu ea bona ka kotloloho ho Hardware. Ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa tikoloho ea prototyping le ea tlhahiso.

fihlela qeto e

Li-microcontrollers tsa PIC li lula e le lejoe la motheo la 'maraka oa litsamaiso tse kentsoeng ka 2024, li fana ka tharollo e matla le e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Hore na o ntse o sebetsa morerong o monyane oa DIY kapa o nts'etsapele sistimi e rarahaneng ea taolo ea indasteri, li-microcontrollers tsa PIC li fana ka maemo a fapaneng, ho khoneha, le boiketlo ba ho etsa mananeo, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e bohlale bakeng sa ba qalang le bahlahisi ba nang le boiphihlelo.

Joaloka moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa PCB & PCBA, re fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa elektroniki tse emisang ntho e le 'ngoe, ho kenyeletsoa theko ea likarolo le litharollo tsa kopano tse hlophisitsoeng. Selekane le rona ho etsa hore merero ea hau e phele - ho tloha ho rala litharollo tse tšepahalang tsa IoT ho isa ho rala lits'ebetso tse kenelletseng tse sebetsang hantle. Ka PIC microcontroller e nepahetseng le lits'ebeletso tsa rona tsa tlhahiso ea litsebi, projeke ea hau e ka fihlela ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetesisa, ea othomathike le ho boloka litšenyehelo ho latela litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng. Ikopanye le rona ho hlophisa leeto la hau le latelang la nts'etsopele!