Tataiso e Pharalletseng ea ho Utloisisa likarolo tsa PLC

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) ke lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse tsoetseng pele tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa liindasteri le taolong. Ho utloisisa hore na li-PLC li sebetsa joang le bohlokoa ba tsona lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa likarolo tsa tsona tsa bohlokoa. Karolong ena, re tla hlahloba likarolo tsa mantlha tsa PLC ka botlalo.

Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa PLC ho molemo haholo ha karolo ka 'ngoe e hokahantsoe le kaho ea PCB: li-terminal blocks, li-relay, li-optocouplers, le li-power module li lokela ho raloa ho nahanoa ka lithibelo tsa sebopeho sa PCB le kopano ea ho qetela ea PCBA.

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Central Processing Unit, eo hangata e bitsoang CPU, ke "boko" ba PLC. E na le boikarabello ba ho phethahatsa lenaneo la taolo le ho etsa liqeto tse thehiloeng ho lisebelisoa tse tsoang lisebelisoa tsa tšimo.

Mesebetsi ea CPU:

• Processing Logic: CPU e sebetsana le logic ea taolo e hlophisitsoeng ke mosebelisi. E lekola boemo ba lintho tse kenang, e phethahatsa litaelo tse hlophisitsoeng, 'me e hlahisa liphello.
• Polokelo ea Lintlha: CPU e boloka data ea nakoana, ho kenyeletsoa boleng ba ho kenya le ho tsoa le liphetho tsa lipakeng tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello.
• Puisano: Li-PLC tsa morao-rao, CPU e sebetsana le puisano le lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs), li-PLC tse ling, le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso (SCADA).
• Diagnostics: E hlokomela bophelo bo botle ba sistimi ea PLC, e lekola liphoso, liphoso le litaba tsa Hardware.

2. Input/Output (I/O) Mejule:

Li-module tsa Input/Output li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hokahana lipakeng tsa PLC le lefatše la kantle. Li sebetsa e le libaka tsa khokahano bakeng sa li-sensor tse fapaneng, li-switches, li-actuator le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa masimong.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa I/O Modules:

• Litlhahiso le Liphetho tsa Dijithale: Li-module tsena li sebetsana le matšoao a binary, joalo ka ho tima / ho tima kapa maemo a phahameng / a tlase, a tloaelehileng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse kang li-switch switch le li-valve tsa solenoid.
• Litlhahiso le Liphetho tsa Analog: Li-module tsa analog li sebetsana le matšoao a sa khaotseng, a kang voltage kapa a hona joale, a lumellang PLC ho hokahana le lisebelisoa tse kang lisensara tsa mocheso le li-drive tse lebelo tse fapaneng.
• Li-Modules tse khethehileng: Li-PLC tse ling li fana ka li-module tse khethehileng bakeng sa mesebetsi e itseng e kang ho bala ka lebelo le phahameng, ho laola ho tsamaea le mekhoa ea puisano.

3. Rack le Power Supply:

Raka e fana ka sebopeho sa 'mele ho boloka likarolo tsa PLC, ho kenyeletsoa li-module tsa CPU le I/O. Rack e tla ka boholo bo fapaneng, e lumellang ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho amohela li-module tse fapaneng.

Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa Rack le Power Supply:

• Katoloso: Ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta oa PLC, li-racks li ka atolosoa ka ho kenyelletsa li-slots tse ling bakeng sa li-module tse ling tsa I/O.
• Backplane: The backplane ke bese ea puisano e kopanyang li-module tsa CPU le I / O, e lumellang phapanyetsano ea data.
• Phepelo ea Matla: Setsi sa phepelo ea matla se tiisa mohloli o tsitsitseng oa matla a DC ho likarolo tsohle tse ka har'a rack, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.

4. Sehopotso:

Li-PLC li kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea memori bakeng sa ho boloka data le litaelo tsa lenaneo. Memori e ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:

Mefuta ea Memori ho PLCs:

• Memori ea Lenaneo (EPROM kapa Flash): Ena ke mohopolo o sa fetoheng moo lenaneo la taolo la mosebelisi le bolokoang. Leha PLC e felloa ke matla, lenaneo le lula le tiile.
• Memori ea Boitsebiso (RAM): RAM e boloka boitsebiso ba nakoana, ho kenyeletsoa boleng ba ho kenya le ho tsoa, ​​li-counter, li-timers, le lifolakha tsa boemo. Ke mohopolo o sa tsitsang mme o lahleheloa ke data ha motlakase o khaotsoe.
• Khopotso e Khutlisang: Li-PLC tse ling li na le karolo ea mohopolo e bolokang data le nakong ea tahlehelo ea matla. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka boleng joalo ka letsatsi le nako ea hajoale.

5. Human-Machine Interface (HMI):

Leha e se karolo e hahelletsoeng ka har'a PLC ka boeona, HMI ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea sistimi ea taolo. E sebetsa e le mokhoa oa hore basebetsi le baenjiniere ba sebelisane le PLC le ho beha leihlo tšebetso ea indasteri.

Mesebetsi ea HMI:

• Ponahalo: HMI e bonts'a data ea nako ea 'nete, mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, lialamo, le likhetho tsa taolo ka mokhoa o bonolo oa mosebelisi.
• Taolo: Basebelisi ba ka sebelisa HMI ho qala kapa ho emisa lits'ebetso, ho lokisa libaka le lisebelisoa tsa taolo.
• Ho Reka Lintlha: Li-HMI tse ling li fana ka bokhoni ba ho rekota data, ho lumella data ea nalane ho bolokoa le ho hlahlojoa.
• Ho tšosa: Li-HMI li ka fana ka lialamo tse bonoang le tse utloang ho hlokomelisa basebetsi ka maemo a sa tloaelehang.

6. Maemakepe a puisano:

Li-PLC li ka ba le likou tsa puisano bakeng sa ho hokahana le li-PLC tse ling, marang-rang a liindasteri, litsamaiso tsa taolo le phano ea data (SCADA), kapa litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maemo a holimo. Likou tsena li thusa phapanyetsano ea data, ho beha leihlo hole, le ho hokahanya lipakeng tsa li-PLC tse ngata.

7. Katoloso Racks le Modules:

Bakeng sa litsamaiso tse kholoanyane le tse rarahaneng, li-racks le li-module tsa katoloso li sebelisoa ho holisa bokhoni ba PLC. Tsena li lumella ho eketsoa ha li-module tse ngata tsa I/O, li-module tsa puisano, kapa li-module tse khethehileng bakeng sa mesebetsi e tsoetseng pele.

Ka kakaretso, ho utloisisa likarolo tsa PLC ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa hore na lisebelisoa tsena li iketsetsa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri joang. CPU e sebetsana le data, li-module tsa I/O li hokahana le lefats'e la kantle, mananeo a polokelo ea memori le data, 'me rack le phepelo ea motlakase li fana ka meralo ea motheo. Lisebelisoa tsa mananeo le li-HMI li thusa nts'etsopele ea mananeo le tšebelisano-'moho ea batho, ha likou tsa puisano li nolofalletsa phapanyetsano ea data. Li-PLC li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetoha, li fana ka likarolo tse ntlafalitsoeng le bokhoni ba ho fihlela litlhoko tsa othomathike ea indasteri ea sejoale-joale.

Haeba tlhoko ena e ama ho fumana kapa ho lokolla tlhahiso, e bapise le likarolo tsa boto ea potoloho le tlhahlobo ea ho fumana ea BOM pele u romela lifaele tsa ho qetela bakeng sa tlhahlobo.