Letšoao la Capacitor: Ho utloisisa Boemeli ba Bokhoni ho Litšoantšo tsa Potoloho

Li-capacitor li fana ka mesebetsi ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tsa elektroniki, ho tloha polokelong ea matla le ho sefa mats'oao ho isa ho ho kopanya le ho kopanya lits'ebetso. Hore na o rala PCB e ncha kapa o rarolla potoloho e teng, ho lemoha lets'oao la capacitor le liphapang tsa lona ho bohlokoa ho bala le ho theha litšoantšo tse nepahetseng tsa potoloho. Sengoliloeng sena se hlalosa mefuta e fapaneng ea matšoao a capacitor e sebelisitsoeng litšoantšong tsa meralo le hore na u ka li tseba joang ka nepo meralong ea hau ea elektroniki.

Letšoao la Capacitor ke Eng?

Letšoao la capacitor le emela karolo ea capacitor litšoantšong tsa potoloho ka mela e 'meli e bapileng e bonts'ang lipoleiti tsa conductive tsa sesebelisoa tse arohaneng ke thepa ea dielectric. Kemelo ena e fana ka sebopeho sa mantlha sa kamoo li-capacitor li bolokang tefiso ea motlakase lipakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli.

Litekanyetso tsa bokhoni li lekanngoa ka farads (F), le hoja li-circuits tse sebetsang ka tloaelo li sebelisa li-subunits tse kenyeletsang microfarads (μF), nanofarad (nF), le picofarads (pF). Letšoao la capacitor le hlaha ho schematics le moqapi oa litšupiso joalo ka C1, C2, kapa C3, e lateloa ke boleng ba eona ba matla le litekanyetso tsa motlakase ha ho hlokahala.

Mefuta ea Matšoao a Capacitor

Letšoao la Non-Polarized Capacitor

Letšoao le tloaelehileng la capacitor le sa polarized le na le mela e 'meli e bapileng ea bolelele bo lekanang. Setšoantšo sena se bontša hore capacitor ha e na thibelo ea polarity 'me e ka kopanngoa ka tsela leha e le efe ka har'a potoloho.

Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea non-polarized e kenyelletsa:

• Ceramic capacitors - Likopo tse akaretsang tse nang le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ho pholletsa le maemo a mocheso
• Li-capacitor tsa lifilimi - Lipotoloho tse nepahetseng tse hlokang tahlehelo e tlase le botsitso bo phahameng
• Li-capacitors tsa Mica - Lisebelisoa tsa maqhubu a holimo tse hlokang mamello e tiileng

Polarized Capacitor Letšoao

Li-capacitor tse nang le polarized li sebelisa lets'oao le fetotsoeng la capacitor moo mola o le mong o hlahang o kobehile kapa o tšoailoe ka lets'oao la ho kopanya ho bonts'a terminal e nepahetseng. Li-electrolytic le tantalum capacitor li hloka phapang ena hobane polarity e fetotsoeng e baka ho hloleha ha karolo, ho lutla, kapa ho phatloha.

Kamehla netefatsa matšoao a polarity ho schematic le karolo ea 'mele pele u kenya ho thibela tšenyo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea potoloho.

Letšoao le feto-fetohang la Capacitor

Letšoao le feto-fetohang la capacitor le eketsa motsu oa diagonal ho pholletsa le mela e tloaelehileng e bapileng ho bontša matla a feto-fetohang. Likarolo tsena li hlaha ho li-circuits tsa tuning, li-oscillator, le lits'ebetso tsa maqhubu a seea-le-moea moo ho hlokahalang phetoho ea capacitance.

Li-schematics tse ling li bonts'a li-trimmer capacitor tse nang le motsu o fetotsoeng ho li khetholla ho mefuta e sa fetoheng e sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa ho lokisa ka letsoho.

Mokhoa oa ho Bala Matšoao a Capacitor ho Lits'oants'o tsa Potoloho

Lits'oants'o tsa potoloho li bonts'a lets'oao la capacitor le baqapi ba litšupiso le litlhaloso tsa boleng tse hlakisang bokhoni ba yuniti e nepahetseng. Tekanyetso ea motlakase e ka hlaha haufi le boleng ba matla, haholo-holo bakeng sa li-capacitor tsa polarized moo motlakase o sebetsang o leng bohlokoa.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa boitsebiso li kenyelletsa:

• Moqapi oa litšupiso - Linomoro tse latellanang tse kang C1, C2, C3 bakeng sa boitsebiso ba likaroloana
• Boleng ba bokhoni - Boleng ba lipalo bo nang le lebitso la unit (μF, nF, kapa pF)
• Tekanyo ea motlakase - Matla a phahameng a ho sebetsa, haholo-holo a bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta ea polarized
• Ho tšoaea polarity - Mohala o kobehileng kapa lets'oao le kopantseng le bonts'ang maemo a nepahetseng a terminal

Lits'oants'o tsa silika tsa PCB li kenyelletsa lipontšo tsa polarity tse tsamaellanang le sebopeho sa matšoao a schematic capacitor. Mothalo o mosoeu, notch, kapa lets'oao le kopaneng 'meleng oa motsoako le tsamaisana le theminale e ntle e bontšitsoeng setšoantšong sa potoloho.

Phapang e Tloaelehileng ea Letšoao la Capacitor ho Lisebelisoa tsa EDA

Software ea meralo ea elektronike e kang Altium Designer, KiCad, le Eagle e ka hlahisa phapang e fokolang ea kamoo ba fanang ka letšoao la capacitor ka har'a lilaebrari tsa likarolo. Lisebelisoa tse ling li bonts'a mela e metenya kapa e mesesaane, ha tse ling li lokisa sebaka lipakeng tsa mela e bapileng kapa li fetola ho kobeha ha matšoao a polarized.

Ho ema ka IEC 60617 le ANSI Y32.2 ho netefatsa hore matšoao a capacitor a boloka litšobotsi tse hlokomelehang ho sa tsotellehe sesebelisoa sa moralo se sebelisitsoeng. Ho latela litekanyetso tsena lilaeboraring tsa hau tsa meralo ho khothaletsa teka-tekano ho pholletsa le lihlopha tsa meralo le balekane ba tlhahiso.

Summary

Ho utloisisa letšoao la capacitor le ho fapana ha lona ho nolofalletsa tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea potoloho le khetho e nepahetseng ea likarolo. Li-capacitor tse se nang polarized li sebelisa mela e 'meli e lekanang, mefuta ea polarized e eketsa curvature kapa polarity marking,' me li-capacitor tse fapaneng li kenyelletsa motsu oa tokiso. Ho lemoha liphapang tsena ho thibela liphoso tsa kopano le ho tiisa ho tšepahala ha potoloho.

Keletso e Sebetsang

Reference IEC 60617 kapa ANSI Y32.2 litekanyetso ha u theha lilaeborari tsa likarolo bakeng sa boemeli bo sa fetoheng ba matšoao a capacitor ho merero ea hau ea meralo. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a ntlafatsa puisano pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa meralo le balekane ba tlhahiso ha a ntse a fokotsa kotsi ea tlhaloso e fosahetseng.

Ho Highleap Electronics, sehlopha sa rona sa moralo le kopano ea PCB se netefatsa hore sebaka se seng le se seng sa capacitor se latela maemo a IPC bakeng sa ts'epahalo le botsitso. Re netefatsa tataiso ea likarolo le polarity nakong ea tlhahlobo ea moralo le tlhahlobo ea kopano ho fana ka liboto tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa hau.