Mefuta ea Capacitor - Mokhoa oa ho Khetha Capacitor e Nepahetseng bakeng sa Moralo oa hau oa PCB

Selelekela

Ho khetha mefuta e loketseng ea capacitor ho hloka ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ea motlakase, lithibelo tsa tikoloho, litekanyo tsa 'mele le lintlha tsa ketane ea phepelo. Liparamente tsa motlakase ho kenyeletsoa le capacitance, tekanyo ea motlakase, ESR, le ripple current li tlameha ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso. Maemo a tikoloho a ama ts'epahalo ha lithibelo tsa mechini li susumetsa liqeto tsa likarolo tsa foromo. Tataiso ena e fana ka litekanyetso tse hlophisitsoeng tsa khetho, likhothaletso tse ikhethileng tsa ts'ebeliso, le mekhoa ea netefatso ea moralo bakeng sa merero ea kopano ea PCB.

Moralo oa Khetho ea Capacitor: Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Qeto

Mokhoa oa ho khetha capacitor o qala ka ho hlalosa litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa ts'ebeliso.

• Ho kopanya le ho feta lits'ebetso - Beha pele ho inductance e tlase le karabelo e phahameng ea maqhubu bakeng sa botsitso bo tsitsitseng ba matla.
• Polokelo ea matla a mangata - E hloka matla a phahameng a matla ka mamello e lekaneng ea ripple-hona joale.
• Lipotoloho tsa nako le ho sefa - Itšetleha ka li-capacitor tse nang le li-coefficients tse tsitsitseng tsa mocheso le ho hoholeha ho tlase.
• Lisebelisoa tsa polokeho ho lisebelisoa tsa mohala oa AC - Laela likarolo tse netefalitsoeng tsa X / Y tse fihlelang litekanyetso tsa taolo.

Mekhahlelo e Bohlokoa ea Khetho

Ho theha litlhoko tsa motlakase le matla ho hlalosa sebaka sa pele sa paramente. Litaelo tse nyenyefatsang li khothaletsa ho sebetsa ho 50-70% ea motlakase o lekantsoeng bakeng sa ts'epo e ntlafalitsoeng. Maikutlo a ho arabela khafetsa a rata li-capacitor tsa ceramic bakeng sa ho fokotsa maqhubu a phahameng ka holimo ho 1 MHz. Lintlha tse latelang li phethahatsa matrix a liqeto:

• ESR le lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa morao-rao - E bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fetola lihlahisoa tsa phepelo ea matla moo tsamaiso ea mocheso e amang bophelo ba bophelo ka ho toba
• Ho sebetsa hantle ha molumo khahlano le likhohlano tsa ho ts'epahala - E khetholla likhetho tsa polymer le tantalum ho mefuta e meng ea aluminium electrolytic
• Litšenyehelo le lintlha tsa theko - Ho kenyeletsoa linako tsa ho etella pele, ho fumaneha ha mohloli oa bobeli, le maemo a bophelo
• Maemo a ts'ebetso ea tikoloho - Mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso, mongobo le litlhoko tsa khatello ea mochini

Ka kopanelo, lintlha tsena li netefatsa hore khetho ea capacitor e lumellana le ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea lefats'e, ts'epahalo le litebello tsa tlhahiso.

Tekheniki Papiso ea Mefuta ea Capacitor

MLCC le Ceramic Capacitors

• le menyetla - Multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCCs) e fana ka boholo ba komporo le inductance e tlase e lekanang (ESL), e li etsang hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa ho kopanya maqhubu a holimo. Li-dielectrics tsa Sehlopha sa I (C0G/NP0) li netefatsa mamello e tiileng le botsitso ba mocheso, ha Sehlopha sa II (X7R, X5R) se fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng boemong bo fokolang.
• sheba mefokolo ea - Litlamorao tsa DC-bias li ka fokotsa bokhoni bo sebetsang ka 50-80% ho li-dielectric tsa K, 'me boholo ba linyeoe tse nyane tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mabitso li ameha ka ho khetheha.
• Ho nahanoa ka moralo - Lekola bokhoni ba motlakase oa sebele ho e-na le litlhaloso tsa zero-bias, khetha li-coefficients tsa mocheso ho latela litlhoko tsa mamello (C0G ± 30 ppm / ° C, X7R ± 15%), 'me u nahane ka metsoako e tšoanang ea boholo ba linyeoe ho ntlafatsa karabo ea makhetlo a mangata.

Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors

• le menyetla - Aluminium electrolytic capacitor e fana ka matla a phahameng ka theko e tlaase, e leng se etsang hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa polokelo ea matla a mangata le ho sefa ha maqhubu a tlaase ho lisebelisoa tsa matla. Mefuta ea sejoale-joale ea ESR e tlase le mefuta e tiileng ea polymer e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea hona joale ea ripple le ts'ebetso ea maqhubu a holimo ha e bapisoa le li-electrolytic tsa setso tse metsi.
• sheba mefokolo ea - Nako ea bophelo e itšetlehile haholo ka mocheso oa mocheso, 'me e mong le e mong oa 10°C o phahama hoo e ka bang halofo ea bophelo ba ho sebetsa. ESR le meeli ea hona joale ea ripple e tlameha ho hlokomeloa ka hloko ho qoba ho chesa le ho hloleha pele ho nako.
• Ho nahanoa ka moralo - Netefatsa maqhubu a maqhubu khahlanong le maemo a potoloho ea 'nete, nahana ka ho kopanya ho ts'oanang le li-capacitor tsa ceramic ho atolosa karabelo ea maqhubu, le ho ikarabella bakeng sa ho phahama le ho ba haufi le mehloli ea mocheso ho boloka botšepehi libakeng tse phahameng tsa mocheso.

Tantalum le Polymer Tantalum Capacitors

• le menyetla - Li-capacitor tsa Tantalum li fana ka katleho e phahameng ea volumetric le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea motlakase ho pholletsa le mocheso le maqhubu. Mefuta ea polymer tantalum e fihlella ESR ka tlase ho 10 mΩ, li-ceramics tse qothisanang lehlokoa ha li ntse li boloka letsoalo le phahameng, li li etsa tse loketseng meralo e haelloang ke sebaka le sephetho sa taolo ea motlakase.
• sheba mefokolo ea – Traditional MnO₂ tantalum capacitor e na le kutloelo-bohloko ho li-voltage transients le maqhubu a inrush, e hlokang ts'ireletso e hlokolosi le ho theola ~ 50% ea motlakase o lekantsoeng. Litšenyehelo li phahame ho feta li-electrolytics tsa aluminium, 'me khatello ea phepelo ea phepelo e hloka tlhokomelo.
• Ho nahanoa ka moralo - Sebelisa polymer tantalum ho felisa likotsi tsa ho se sebetse hantle le ho fihlela ESR e tlase. Netefatsa hore ho fokotseha ha motlakase bakeng sa mefuta ea MnO₂, 'me u khethe matla le liphutheloana ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tse matla haholo kapa tsa maqhubu a phahameng.

Li-Capacitors tsa lifilimi

• le menyetla - Li-capacitor tsa lifilimi tse sebelisang polypropylene, polyester, kapa polyphenylene sulfide dielectrics li fana ka linearity e babatsehang, tahlehelo e tlaase, le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa analog, audio le high-voltage. Mefuta ea lifilimi e entsoeng ka tšepe e fana ka thepa ea ho ipholisa e matlafatsang ho tšepahala.
• sheba mefokolo ea - Boholo bo boholo ba 'mele ha bo bapisoa le meeli ea li-ceramic kapa electrolytic capacitors e sebelisoang meralong e thibelitsoeng sebakeng. Li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa tšoaneleha bakeng sa litlhoko tse phahameng haholo tsa bokhoni ba liboto tse kopanetsoeng.
• Ho nahanoa ka moralo - Khetha mofuta oa dielectric o ipapisitse le maemo a motlakase, maqhubu le mocheso. Eketsa meaho e ipholisang ea tšepe bakeng sa sefa sa AC kapa se nang le matla a phahameng a DC, 'me u behelle sebaka sa boto ha u kopanya li-circuits tse resonelang, li-snubber, kapa lifilthara tsa EMI.

Li-Capacitor tsa Tšireletso bakeng sa Likopo tsa AC Line

• le menyetla - Li-capacitor tsa polokeho ea Sehlopha sa X le Y li fana ka khatello e sebetsang ea EMI ho lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa AC ha li ntse li latela litekanyetso tse thata tsa polokeho. Li-capacitor tsa X li hokahanya line-to-line, 'me li-capacitor tsa Y li hokahanya mohala ho ea fatše, ho netefatsa tšireletso e tšepahalang le ho latela melao.
• sheba mefokolo ea - Li-capacitor tsa polokeho li hloka ho beoa ka thata, creepage le melao ea tumello. Sebopeho se fosahetseng kapa ho nkela sebaka ka li-capacitor tse tloaelehileng ho ka lebisa ho tlōlo ea molao le likotsi tsa polokeho.
• Ho nahanoa ka moralo - Khetha li-capacitor ho latela litlhoko tsa setifikeiti (UL, VDE, ENEC), kenyelletsa li-resischarge bakeng sa mefuta ea X, 'me u boloke litšitiso tse nepahetseng tsa ho itšehla thajana le sebaka ho PCB. Leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ea ho sefa ea EMI le maqhubu a lumelletsoeng a lutla bakeng sa mefuta ea Y.

Mekhahlelo ea Bohlokoa ea Motlakase bakeng sa Khetho ea Capacitor

ESR le Ripple Current ho Lisebelisoa tsa Matla

E lekanang letoto la ho hanyetsa ka ho toba le etsa qeto ea ho felloa ke matla le ts'ebetso ea mocheso lits'ebetsong tsa morao-rao. Li-capacitor tsa phepelo ea motlakase li fumana tahlehelo e tsoelang pele e hlahisang I²R e tlamehang ho lula e le ka har'a meeli ea mocheso. Polima e tlase ea ESR le mefuta e khethehileng ea aluminium electrolytic e fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea hona joale bakeng sa liphetho tsa li-converter tsa buck le lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea hajoale.

Leeme la DC le Botsitso ba Mocheso

Kgetho ya capacitor ya ceramic e hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho dibopeho tsa DC-bias moo motlakase o sebediswang o fokotsang bokgoni bo sebetsang hantle ka tlase ho ditekanyetso tsa nominee. Diforomo tsa dielectric tsa High-K (X7R, X5R) di bontsha kutlwisiso e phatlaladitsweng ya motlakase ka bokgoni bo fokotsehang ka 30-80% ho motlakase o lekanyeditsweng. Baqapi ba potoloho ba tlameha ho totobatsa bokgoni bo lekaneng ba nominee ho fihlella boleng bo hlokahalang bo sebetsang tlasa maemo a tshebetso, hangata bo hlokang 2-3× overhead bakeng sa mefuta ya X7R.

Tekanyetso ea Voltage le Tataiso ea ho Fokotsa

Ho fokotseha ha motlakase ho eketsa bophelo bohle ba ts'ebetso ho thekenoloji eohle ea capacitor. Boitloaelo ba indasteri bo khothaletsa 50% ho fokotseha ha mefuta ea ceramic le 70% bakeng sa meaho ea electrolytic lits'ebetsong tsa khoebo. Maemo a motlakase a nakoana a kenyelletsang ho kenella, li-switching spikes, le maemo a phoso a tlameha ho lula ka har'a litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetesisa. Li-capacitor tse lekantsoeng ka AC bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ts'ireletso li hloka litifikeiti tse ikhethileng tse nkang maemo a holimo le litlhoko tsa ho itšehla thajana ho feta litlhaloso tsa mantlha tsa motlakase.

Tataiso ea Khetho e Ikhethileng ea Capacitor

Phahamiso ea Digital ka lebelo le phahameng le Botšepehi ba Matla

Moralo oa marang-rang oa kabo ea matla bakeng sa lipotoloho tsa dijithale tse lebelo le holimo o sebelisa litekanyetso tse ngata tsa ceramic capacitor ka tlhophiso e ts'oanang. Litlhaloso tsa tšitiso e reriloeng hangata li hloka 0.1 μF le 1 μF li-capacitor tsa ceramic tse behiloeng hang-hang haufi le lithapo tse kopaneng tsa motlakase oa potoloho. Mefuta e fapaneng ea linyeoe e fana ka maqhubu a ikhethileng a ikemetseng a thehang phokotso ea "broadband impedance" ho tloha ho DC ho ea ho makholo a 'maloa a megahertz. Litlamorao tsa DC-bias li hloka ho khetha li-capacitor tse nang le litekanyetso tse lekaneng tsa mabitso ho fihlela matla a hlokahalang a matla a ho sebetsa.

Ho Fetola Sephetho sa Phepelo ea Matla

Khetho ea capacitor ea tlhahiso bakeng sa li-converter tsa DC-DC e leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa ESR, bokhoni ba hona joale ba ripple, le litlhoko tsa bokhoni ba bongata. Mefuta ea aluminium ea polymer ea ESR e tlase kapa ea electrolytic e khethehileng e fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea hona joale ea ripple ka litekanyetso tse laoloang tsa ESR tse susumetsang botsitso le karabelo ea nakoana. Bokhoni bohle ba tlhahiso bo tsoa litlhokong tsa karabelo ea nakoana ea mojaro le litlhaloso tse lumelletsoeng tsa ho kheloha ha motlakase. ESR e kenya letsoho ka kotloloho ho motlakase oa ripple oa tlhahiso ka kamano ea V_ripple = I_ripple × ESR.

Ho Sefa Tsela ea Lipontšo tsa Analog le Molumo

Li-capacitor tsa lifilimi li fana ka litšoaneleho tse phahameng le tse sothehileng tse tlase bakeng sa ho sefa li-analog le molumo oa molumo. Mefuta ea polypropylene e ipabola ho ho kopanya molumo le marang-rang a marang-rang moo ho kenngoa ha dielectric le li-coefficients tsa voltage ho ama boleng ba molumo ka kotloloho. Ts'ebetsong ea li-filters tse sebetsang li rua molemo ho tsitsitseng ha filimi ea capacitor le litšobotsi tsa botsofali tse ka tsejoang esale pele. Li-circuits tsa nako e nepahetseng le tsona li rata lifilimi kapa likhetho tsa C0G tsa ceramic moo ho hoholehang ha nako e telele ho amang ho nepahala ha potoloho.

Polokelo ea Matla a Bongata a Matla a Phahameng

Li-inverters tsa motlakase le lits'ebetso tsa ho sefa tsa DC tse nang le matla a phahameng li hloka boleng bo boholo ba matla moo aluminium electrolytic capacitor e fanang ka litšenyehelo tse nepahetseng ka microfarad. Bokhoni ba hona joale ba Ripple bo fetoha mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa khetho e nang le taolo ea mocheso e amang bophelo bohle ba ho kenya mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso. Litlhophiso tse tšoanang li aba hona joale le ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo ha li ntse li fana ka redundancy khahlano le liphoso tsa ntlha e le 'ngoe.

Liphoso tse Tloaelehileng tsa Khetho ea Capacitor

Ho hlokomoloha DC-Bias Effects Mefuteng ea MLCC

Maemo a capacitance ka lebitso ha a emele bokhoni bo sebetsang, haholo-holo bakeng sa li-capacitor tsa ceramic tlas'a maemo a DC bias. Hangata baqapi ba nyenyefatsa phokotso ea matla a mefuta ea X7R, e hlokang 2-3 × boleng ba mabitso ho fihlela sepheo se matla sa matla ho matla a lekantsoeng. Tlhokomelo ena e lebisa ho khaello e lekaneng le litaba tsa botšepehi ba matla meralong e potlakileng ea dijithale.

Ho shebana le ESR le Ripple Current Ratings

Tlhokomelo e sa lekaneng ho ESR le litlhaloso tsa hona joale tsa ripple li baka ho hloleha ha mocheso le ho fokotsa ho tšepahala lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea motlakase. Li-Capacitor tse sebetsang ka nģ'ane ho litekanyetso tsa hona joale li na le botsofali bo potlakileng ho sa tsotellehe boleng bo lekaneng ba bokhoni. Litlamorao tsa mocheso li kopanya litaba tsena moo maemo a phahameng a tikoloho a fokotsang bokhoni ba hona joale le bophelo bo lebelletsoeng.

Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boenjiniere bakeng sa Khetho ea Mefuta ea Capacitor

Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e netefatsa khetho e nepahetseng ea capacitor bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Lethathamo le latelang le sebetsana le maemo a bohlokoa:

1. Sehlopha sa kopo - Ho theoha, polokelo ea bongata, nako, ho sefa, kapa ts'ireletso e nang le lintho tse tlang pele tse tsamaisanang le ts'ebetso
2. Litlhoko tsa motlakase - Maemo a sebele a ts'ebetso a nang le mekhelo e nepahetseng a netefalitsoeng khahlanong le maemo a mabe ka ho fetesisa
3. Matla a sebetsang - Li-curve tsa DC-bias bakeng sa mefuta ea ceramic e netefatsang hore matla a sebetsang a motlakase a kopana le litlhoko tsa potoloho
4. Litlhaloso tsa mocheso - ESR le litekanyetso tsa hona joale tsa ripple li khotsofatsa lithibelo tsa ho felloa ke matla ka har'a meeli ea mocheso
5. Mabaka a tikoloho - Mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso o sebetsang, ho ts'epahala ha mochini o ntseng o hola, le litlhoko tsa potoloho ea bophelo

Litsebiso tsa Setsebi mabapi le Khetho ea Capacitor

Mehopolo ea Bohlokoa

Khetho e atlehileng ea capacitor e itšetlehile ka ho utloisisa liphello tsa DC-bias, tsamaiso ea mocheso, le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopo. Ho tšoara lintlha tse itseng tsa database e le boleng bo tiisitsoeng ba ts'ebetso-haholo-holo tsa ceramic-hangata ho lebisa mathateng a moralo ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea matla a motlakase.

Tlhahlobo ka Ntle ho Li-datasheets

Meralo e matla e hloka ho hlahlobisisa li-curve tsa DC-bias, ho fokotseha ha hona joale, le ESR e itšetlehileng ka mocheso ho fapana le ho itšetleha feela ka matla le litekanyetso tsa motlakase. Litsenyehelo tsa khetho e nepahetseng ea capacitor hangata li nyane ha li bapisoa le ho hlophisa bocha kapa ho hloleha ha masimo.

Likarolo Tse Tobileng Tsa Thekenoloji

Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-capacitor e na le merero e fapaneng: li-MLCC li ipabola ka ho fokotsa maqhubu a phahameng, li-electrolytic tsa aluminium li fana ka polokelo e theko e boima, li-tantalum li fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea molumo, 'me li-capacitor tsa lifilimi li netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho utloisisa liphapang tsena ho lumella baenjiniere ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso, ts'epahalo le lithibelo tsa moralo ka nepo.