Kenyelletso ho PCB le Mefuta e fapaneng ea Maboto a Potoloho

Li-PCB li fana ka motheo oa hoo e batlang e le lisebelisoa tsohle tsa elektronike tsa morao-rao, ho tloha lipapaling tse bonolo ho ea ho li-supercomputer tse tsoetseng pele. E sebetsa e le sethala sa ho kenya le ho hokahanya likarolo tsa elektroniki, moralo le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ho li-PCB li na le tšusumetso e kholo mosebetsing le bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ka kakaretso.

Tataiso ena e akaretsang e akaretsa lintlha tsa motheo tsa li-PCB pele. E ntan'o fana ka lintlha tse mabapi le mefuta e atileng haholo ea PCB e sebelisoang ho bareki le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa indasteri hammoho le lits'ebetso, melemo le tradeoffs tsa mofuta o mong le o mong.

Boto ea Potoloho e Khatisoang ke Eng?

Boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e na le thepa e sireletsang ea substrate e matlafalitsoeng ka likarolo tsa mesaletsa ea koporo e tsamaisang mefuteng e hlalositsoeng. Likarolo tsa elektroniki le li-circuits tse kopaneng li hloella ho PCB ho fihlela ts'ebetso. Litsela tsa conductive li hokahanya likarolo tse fapaneng tse kentsoeng, tse lumellang matšoao le matla ho phalla. Ka hona, li-PCB li fana ka litsela tsa hore likarolo li sebetse hammoho e le tsamaiso ea elektroniki kapa subassembly.

Le hoja liboto tsa pele tsa potoloho li ne li kentsoe ka letsoho ka mokhoa o bohloko ka ho sebelisa lithapo tsa ntlha-to-point, ho fihla ha masela a photolithographic ho ile ha nolofalletsa liboto tsa pele tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng. Ka ho ekeletsa masela a koporo ka lik'hemik'hale ho etsa mesaletsa hoo e batlang e le pateroneng leha e le efe e rarahaneng, li-PCB li ile tsa nolofalletsa ho etsa litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa elektronike tse itirisang, tse phahameng haholo.

Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang e le motheo oa PCB substrate li kenyelletsa metsoako ea fiberglass e kang FR-4, thermoset e tsoetseng pele kapa li-composites tsa thermoplastic, li-ceramics, kapa maemong a mang, aluminium kapa tšepe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho tsamaisoa ha mocheso. Khetho ea substrate ea PCB e beha lithibelo tsa mantlha linthong tse kang mocheso oa ts'ebetso, thepa ea dielectric, phallo ea mocheso le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso.

Li-PCB li ntse li tsoela pele ho fana ka litlhoko tse hlahang mabapi le boima ba 'mele, lebelo la matšoao, ho sebetsana le matla, le ts'epahalo ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea thepa, mahlale a ho hokahanya joalo ka "high-density interconnect" (HDI) le li-vias tse foufetseng / tse patiloeng, liphekolo tse khethehileng joalo ka khauta e qoelisoang kapa ENIG le masela. mekhoa ea ho fumana mamello e ntle le likarolo tse nyane.

Melemo ea Bohlokoa ea ho Sebelisa Maboto a Potoloho a Hatisitsoeng

Le ha lisebelisoa tsa pele tsa motlakase li ne li sebelisa lithapo tsa letsoho kapa liboto tsa khale kapa tse nang le mekhahlelo e 'meli, li-PCB tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata joale li laola lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale ka lebaka la melemo e meholo e kenyelletsang:

• Bothata - Liboto tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata li amohela lipotoloho tse rarahaneng haholo tse nang le likarolo tse ngata le khokahanyo e teteaneng ea litsela e ke keng ea finyelloa ka letsoho.
• Miniaturization - Li-PCB tse tsamaisoang ka hloko li fokotsa boholo haholo le ho felisa lihokelo tse ngata tsa mochini lipakeng tsa li-subassemblies. Li-microvia li thusa ho fokotseha ho eketsehileng.
• tšepahala - Ho etsa PCB e ikemetseng, e nepahetseng haholo e fella ka boleng bo ts'oanang bo tlosang liphoso tse teng ho wiring ka letsoho.
• Tsamaiso ea Thermal - Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa PCB li fana ka ho tsamaisa mocheso o betere le ho hasana ho feta mekhoa e meng ha maemo a matla a ntse a phahama ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
• lebelo - Li-geometri tse laoloang ka thata ho li-PCB li thusa ho tsamaisana ho nepahetseng hoa bohlokoa bakeng sa matšoao a lebelo le phahameng ho fihlela maqhubu a mangata a GHz.
• Tšebeletso - Li-PCB tsa modular subassembly li nolofatsa tlhahlobo le ho nchafatsa masimo ha li bapisoa le meaho ea monolithic.
• Scalability - Hang ha li-prototype tsa pele li netefalitsoe, mekhoa e bonolo ea ho etsa PCB e lumella ho eketseha ka potlako ho fihlela tlhahiso e phahameng haholo.
• Ho khetholla - Lintlha tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho, masoba a ntseng a eketseha, lihokelo, joalo-joalo li thusa ho kopanya li-module ho tsoa ho bafani ba mefuta e fapaneng ho pholletsa le liketane tsa phepelo.
• Tekeletso - Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo tse etselitsoeng, meeli, le phihlello li tšehetsa tlhahiso le tlhahlobo ea masimong.

Motsoako ona o ikhethang oa melemo o tla ts'ehetsa li-PCB joalo ka mokokotlo oa lits'ebetso tsa elektroniki ho lisebelisoa tsohle tsa bareki, lisebelisoa, likoloi, meaho ea puisano, li-automation tsa indasteri, litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso, le tse ling bakeng sa bokamoso bo bonoang.

Mefuta ea Mapolanka a Potoloho a Hatisitsoeng

Le ha li-PCB kaofela li arolelana metheo e tšoanang, mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tsa motlakase e laela mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa PCB, mekhoa ea kaho, likhakanyo le litšobotsi tse ling tse etselitsoeng lits'ebetso. Mona ke mekhahlelo e atileng haholo le mefuta ea li-PCB tse sebelisoang:

1. Li-PCB tse nang le lehlakore le le leng

Li-PCB tse nang le lehlakore le le leng li sebelisa lesela le le leng le lesesaane la koporo le kentsoeng holim'a phenolic kapa fiberglass composite substrate. Kaho e bonolo e etsa hore tsena e be khetho e tlase ea PCB.

Ditshebediso: Dipotoloho tse rarahaneng tse tlase ho kenyeletswa le phepelo ya motlakase, ts'ebetso ya analog, le mabone

Melemo: Khetho e theko e tlase ka ho fetisisa; e tšehetsa tlhahiso e ngata; ho bonolo ho e rala le ho e lokisa

Meeli: Likhokahano tse fokolang haholo le bongata ba likarolo

2. Li-PCB tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli

Li-PCB tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli li hlola lithibelo tsa khokahano ea lera le le leng ka ho eketsa lesela la bobeli la foil le pentiloeng ka masoba a hokahantsoeng ka mahlakore ka bobeli.

Ditshebediso: E loketse dipotoloho tse rarahaneng tse itekanetseng jwalo ka taolo ya diindasteri, didiriswa tsa teko, le mabone a LED.

Melemo: E nolofalletsa ho ba le metsoako e mengata; e theko e tlaase ho feta e mengata bakeng sa litsamaiso tse sa rarahaneng haholo; e nolofalletsa likarolo tse ling tsa SMT.

Meeli: Sebaka se sa sisinyeheng se lekanyelitsoe ha ho bapisoa le mekhahlelo e mengata; e qoba li-IC tse nang le molumo o mosesaane haholo.

3. Li-PCB tse ngata

Ho bokella likaroloana tse ngata tsa dielectric core substrate tse tsamaisang le tse sireletsang tse hokahaneng ke li-microvias ho ts'ehetsa mokhoa o teteaneng haholo, o rarahaneng o ke keng oa finyelloa ka mekhoa e meng. Li-PCB tsena tsa multilayer li laola lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka mehala, likhomphutha, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa likoloi le lits'ebetso tsa bongaka.

Melemo: E nolofalletsa ho rarahana ho hoholo, ho ba le bongata ba likarolo, ho etsa hore lintho li be nyane, le ho kopanngoa ha ts'ebetso ka har'a liphutheloana tse nyane le tse theko e tlaase.

Litšenyehelo: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng haholo tsa tlhahiso le meralo e thata ea botšepehi ba lets'oao/matla. Ho thata ho lokisa ka letsoho.

4. Li-PCB tse bonolo

Li-substrates tse feto-fetohang tse entsoeng ka lifilimi tse matla tsa polymer li lumella li-PCB tse kobehang hore li lekane li-contours tse sa tloaelehang ka har'a mekotla e thibelang lihlahisoa ha li ntse li pholoha likhatello tsa mochini.

Lisebelisoa: E loketse liaparo tse aparoang, lisebelisoa tsa medtech, litsamaiso tsa sesole moo sebaka se fokolang haholo.

Melemo: E lumellana le dibopeho tse rarahaneng; e bobebe. E mamella ho kobeha, ho thothomela, le ho sotha.

Meeli: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng haholo; e tšehetsa lipotoloho tse bonolo feela. E hloka likhomaretsi.

5. Li-PCB tse thata-Flex

Ho kopanya libaka tse thata tsa boto ho kenya likarolo tse rarahaneng le ho tsamaisa ka likhokahano tse tšesaane tsa flex flex circuit ho thusa ho etsa meralo e sebetsang hantle haholo ea 3D ka har'a li-contours tse sa tloaelehang.

Melemo: E kopanya ka mokhoa o ikhethang bokhoni bo tiileng le bo tenyetsehang bo nolofalletsang ho boloka sebaka le boqapi moralong oa indasteri.

Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng haholo; sebaka se tlase/se mahareng; thepa ea tlhahiso le moralo o rarahaneng haholo.

6. Li-PCB tsa HDI

Li-PCB tsa High-density interconnect (HDI) tse nang le li-microvias, mela e metle le libaka, le li-dielectric tse tšesaane li tšehetsa lisebelisoa tse nkehang habonolo le komporo ea lebelo le holimo e pakang likete tsa likhokahano ka har'a lisenthimithara tse lisekoere.

Melemo: Ho rarahana ho honyenyane; lebelo; mekhoa e theko e tlase khahlanong le bophahamo bo tlase, e hlokang basebetsi ba bangata.

Lintho Tse Lokelang ho Etsoa: Ho hlokahala boiphihlelo bo boholo ba moralo, ho etsa mohlala, ho etsa mohlala ho netefatsa botšepehi bo botle ba lets'oao, phano ea motlakase, le ho etsoa habonolo.

7. Li-PCB tsa aluminium

Ho fetola li-substrates tse tloaelehileng tsa insulating ka li-PCB tsa tšepe tsa aluminium tsa thermally conductive li fetisetsa mocheso hantle ho tsoa ho likarolo tse matla tse kang bakhanni ba LED.

Lisebelisoa: Lisebelisoa tsa LED, li-converter tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-drive tsa enjene

Melemo: E hasana ka mocheso ka katleho e kholo; e sebetsana le matla a mangata a maholo. E mamella tšebeliso e mpe ea mechini. Litšenyehelo li tlase ho feta metsoako e sa tloaelehang.

Meeli: Haholo-holo lipotoloho tse bonolo; tse boima; likotsi tsa ho bola ntle le mehato ea tšireletso.

8. Li-PCB tsa LED

Li-PCB tsa LED li na le likarolo tse teteaneng tsa koporo ho aba mocheso o kopantsoeng le lisebelisoa tsa dielectric tse tlase tsa mocheso tse bohlokoa bakeng sa mabone a LED le lipontšo moo moralo oa mocheso o amang haholo litšenyehelo, ho ts'epahala, ho ts'epahala ha khanya le bophelo bohle.

Melemo: Litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho qhala mocheso ho laola mocheso o tsoang ho li-LED tse khanyang haholo. E lumella li-module tse nyane tsa LED.

Lintho tse lokelang ho nahanoa: Khetho ea thepa, bophara ba mohlala, masoba a koetsoeng kaofela a lokisitsoe bakeng sa phetisetso ea mocheso. Hangata ke tšepe ea mantlha kapa ea letsopa.

9. Li-PCB tsa FR-4

FR-4 fiberglass e matlafalitsoeng epoxy laminate e fana ka tekanyo ea moruo ea bokhoni ba ho sebetsa e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea PCB bakeng sa boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse sa jeng chelete e ngata le tse bobebe tsa indasteri tse sa sututseng lienfelopo tse feteletseng.

Melemo: Mekhoa ea tlhahiso e butsoitseng; ts'ebetso e itekanetseng ea motlakase; litšenyehelo tse tlase.

Meeli: Maemo a mocheso a lekanyeditswe ho hoo e ka bang 130°C bakeng sa dinako tse tsitsitseng; sekgahla sa ho monyela se ka ama thepa ya motlakase. Tahlehelo e ka hodimo ho GHz tse mmalwa.

10. Li-PCB tsa Maqhubu a Phahameng

Meaho ea likhokahano, li-avionics tsa sefofane, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa ts'ireletso le lisebelisoa tsa mahlale li hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa PCB tse nang le litšobotsi tsa motlakase tse laoloang hantle hore li sebetse ho pholletsa le microwave, millimeter-wave le multi-gigahertz spectrums.

Melemo: E nolofalletsa phetiso e nang le tahlehelo e tlase ho fihlela ho 100GHz; e laola di-constant tsa dielectric le ho skew e tlase ho pholletsa le di-band tsa maqhubu.

Lintho tsa bohlokoa: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng haholo; boholo bo fokolang ba boto; ho hlokahala mohlala o thata le li-simulation.

11. Li-PCB tsa Mocheso o Phahameng

Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa likoloi, li-avionics tsa sesole, lisebelisoa tsa geothermal le lisebelisoa tsa ho phunya fatše li rua molemo ho lisebelisoa tse matla, tse tlaase tsa PCB tse khonang ho sebetsa ka botšepehi ka holimo ho 260 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse likete tsa bophelo ba tsamaiso joalokaha ho laetsoe ke lisebelisoa tsena tsa nako e telele tsa bophelo.

Melemo: E sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang ho feta 260°C ka nako e telele; e mamella lipotoloho tse feteletseng. Katoloso e tlase ea mocheso. Thepa e qoba ho cha/ho sotha. Ho tiea ho hoholo.

Litšenyehelo : Li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo; linako tse telele haholo tsa ho qala; ho ke ke ha etsahala hore litokiso li lokisoe.

12. Li-PCB tsa Metal Core

Ho khetha substrate ea tšepe e kang aluminium kapa koporo khahlano le li-laminate tse tloaelehileng tsa insulating ho theha sethala sa mocheso se lumellang li-PCB tsa mantlha tsa tšepe ho theola meroalo e matla ea mocheso ho tsoa ho likarolo tse matla tse tloaelehileng ho li-inverter tsa motlakase tsa koloi, li-CPU tsa li-server, li-amplifiers tsa RF, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le lits'ebetso tse tšoanang.

Melemo: Ho tsamaisa mocheso ka matla haholo ho fetisetsa mocheso ka katleho ho tloha likarolong tse chesang ho ea moeeng o potolohileng. E sebetsana le matla a mangata a sa khaotseng. E mamella tšebeliso e mpe ea mechini.

Meeli: Haholo-holo e sebelisoa lipotolohong tse bonolo tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase tse nang le tsela e fokolang ea ho tsamaisa; e boima ho feta metsoako; e beha kotsing ea ho bola ha galvanic.

13. Li-PCB tsa Koporo tse teteaneng

Botenya ba koporo bo habeli kapa bo imenneng ba 1-2 ho isa ho li-ounces tse 4 kapa tse 8 bo fana ka lits'ebetso joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea data le thepa ea mehala ea mehala e kenyang matshwao a mangata a lebelo le phahameng ka har'a mehala ea phetisetso e ts'oanang e ruang molemo tahlehelong e tlase le phallo e fihletsoeng ho sebelisoa mesaletsa e metenya.

Melemo: Tahlehelo e tlase maqhubung a phahameng kapa bongata ba DC current bo ntlafatsa ts'ebetso; li-conductor tse teteaneng li thusa ho plating e boima haeba ho hlokahala.

Litšenyehelo: Nako e telele ea tlhahiso le chai e tlase li eketsa litšenyehelo haholo; li sebetsa feela ho litsela tse bonolo tsa matšoao a mangata.

Moralo ona oa mefuta e 13 e hlahelletseng ea PCB e sebelisoang makaleng a fapaneng a elektroniki e thusa ho hlophisa likhetho ho ntlafatsa merero ea moralo oa tekheniki, tikoloho ea ts'ebetso, bophelo ba sehlahisoa le litšenyehelo.

fihlela qeto e

Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng li theha motheo oa ho hokahanya le ho sebetsa likarolo tsohle tsa elektroniki le li-IC ho fihlela ts'ebetso ea boemo ba sistimi. Tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea lisebelisoa tsa PCB, bokhoni ba ho etsa lintho, mekhoa ea ho etsa lipontšo, tsamaiso ea mocheso le liphutheloana li eketsa katoloso e kholo ea lebelo la ho sebetsa, li-bandwidth tsa data, bohlale bo kentsoeng le hoo e batlang e le palo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea boleng bo potolohileng lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.

Ho utloisisa mahlale a mahlale a PCB a fumanehang hammoho le matla le bofokoli ba bona ho thusa baenjiniere ba meralo ho sebetsana le mathata a amanang le litšenyehelo, bokhoni le mathata a 'mele.