Kopano ea RF PCB: Ho Tseba Mathata a Phahameng a ho Soldering le a Kopanetsoeng

Selelekela ho RF PCB Kopano Complexity

Kopano ea RF PCB e fapana haholo le kopano ea boto e tloaelehileng ka lebaka la maqhubu a ts'ebetso a tlohang ho megahertz ho isa ho millimeter-wave bands. Tlhahiso ea PCB ea maqhubu a phahameng e kenyelletsa thepa e khethehileng ea substrate e nang le thepa e ikhethang ea dielectric, e leng se etsang hore ho se lumellane ha katoloso ea mocheso ka mesaletsa ea koporo le likarolo tse kentsoeng. Ho se lumellane hona ha thepa ho ama ka kotloloho ts'epo ea ho soldering le botšepehi ba lets'oao. Ha ho kopanngoa lipotoloho tsa RF ho RT/duroid 6002 , ho hokela likarolo, tšehetso ea boto le phihlello ea tlhahlobo li lokela ho hlahlojoa khahlanong le kaho e boletsoeng ea boto e se nang letho.

Liphephetso tsa mantlha ho RF PCB soldering li fetela ka nģ'ane ho mathata a kopano e tloaelehileng. Ho se tsitse ha impedance manonyellong a solder, ho se lumellane hantle ha sehokelo, le ho arohana ho bakoang ke mocheso ho ka fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya le ts'ebetso ea tahlehelo ea ho khutla. Ho utloisisa lintlha tsena tsa bohlokoa ho arola kopano e atlehileng ea PCB ea microwave le mekhoa e behang ts'ebetso ea RF kotsing.

Mathata a Material le Thermal Kopanong ea RF PCB

PTFE le Litšobotsi tsa Laminate tsa tahlehelo e tlase

Tlhahiso ea PCB e nang le maqhubu a phahameng hangata e sebelisa thepa e thehiloeng ho PTFE joalo ka letoto la laminate le nang le tahlehelo e tlase, Taconic RF-35, kapa Panasonic Megtron 6, tse khethiloeng bakeng sa tahlehelo ea tsona e tlase ea dielectric maqhubung a microwave. Li-laminate tsena tse nang le tahlehelo e tlase li bontša coefficient ea boleng ba katoloso ea mocheso bo fapaneng haholo le likarolo tsa foil ea koporo le tsa ceramic, e leng se etsang hore ho be le khatello ea maikutlo nakong ea potoloho ea mocheso. Ho se lumellane ha CTE ho ba bothata haholo ha warpage ea boto ea RF e etsahala nakong ea ho kopanya hape.

Narrow Soldering Mocheso Windows

Lisebelisoa tsa PTFE li qala ho senyeha ka holimo ho 260 ° C, ha solder e tloaelehileng ea SAC305 e se nang lead e hloka mocheso o phahameng oa 245-250 ° C. Fesetere ena e moqotetsane ea ts'ebetso e siea moeli o fokolang bakeng sa phoso ho RF PCB soldering. Ho pepesetsoa mocheso o feteletseng ho baka karohano ea lera la dielectric, ho putlama ha foil ea koporo, kapa maqhubu a substrate a fetolang thepa ea motlakase ruri.

Liphetoho tsa Ts'ebetso bakeng sa Sensitivity ea Thermal

Kopano e atlehileng ea PCB ea microwave e hloka liprofaele tsa mocheso tse fetotsoeng ho sebelisoa li-solder tsa mocheso o tlase tse kang Sn42Bi58 eutectic alloy e nang le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea 138°C. Ho futhumatsa pele ho laoloang ke libaka ho thibela ho tšoha ha mocheso sebakeng seo, ha phallo ea moea oa naetrojene e fokotsa oxidation holim'a libaka tsa koporo tse pepeneneng. Lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng tse tšehetsang libaka tsa boto ea bohlokoa li fokotsa ho oa ha leqephe nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mocheso.

Litšitiso tse Tloaelehileng tsa Soldering Kopanong ea PCB e Phahameng ea Maqhubu

Li-Voids le Tšusumetso ea Tsona ho Ts'ebetso ea RF

Solder voids e emela sekoli se phehellang kopanong ea RF PCB, haholo-holo e amang likhokahano tsa fatše tse bohlokoa bakeng sa litsela tsa ho khutla tsa matšoao. Li-microvoid tse ka har'a libolo tsa BGA kapa li-pads tsa holim'a metsi li baka li-impedance discontinuities tse eketsang tahlehelo ea ho kenya maqhubu a microwave. Maemo a indasteri hangata a hlakisa boholo ba liperesente tse se nang letho tsa 25% bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng, empa li-circuits tsa maqhubu a phahameng hangata li hloka meeli e thata ka tlase ho 15%.

Mathata a amanang le Oxidation le Flux

Solder pad oxidation kapa masalla a mangata a flux a baka khanyetso e sa tsitsang ea likhokahano lihokelong tsa RF. Tšilafalo ea Ionic e tsoang masalla a flux e fetola litšobotsi tsa ho itšireletsa ka holim'a metsi, haholo-holo bothata libakeng tsa mohala oa phetisetso ea 50-ohm. Tšilafalo ena e hlahisa tahlehelo e itšetlehileng ka makhetlo a mangata a fapaneng ka mokhoa o sa lebelloang ho pholletsa le lotho ea tlhahiso.

Delamination ka Multilayer Structures

Kopano ea Microwave PCB e kenyelletsang li-stackups tsa multilayer e shebane le kotsi e kholo ea delamination ka lebaka la katoloso e fapaneng ea mocheso lipakeng tsa lifofane tsa koporo le likarolo tsa dielectric. Matla a sa lekaneng a tlamahano kapa ho monya mongobo pele ho RF PCB soldering ho ka baka delamination e phatlohang nakong ea ho phalla hape. Bothata bona hangata bo iponahatsa e le karohano e ka hare e sa bonahaleng ka tlhahlobo ea pono empa e le tlokotsi bakeng sa phatlalatso ea matšoao.

Tombstoneing ka Miniature Components

Li-circuits tsa RF tse phahameng haholo tse sebelisang 0402 kapa 0201 likarolo tse sa sebetseng li kopana le lebitla ha mocheso o sa lekaneng o etsa hore pad e 'ngoe e phalle pele ho e' ngoe. Ho se leka-lekane ha tsitsipano holimo ho phahamisa karolo ka holimo, ho senya khokahanyo e reretsoeng ea motlakase. Bothata bona bo etsahala khafetsa ka lebaka la lithibelo tsa kutlo ea mocheso tse fokotsang ho tšoana ha preheat.

Mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa bakeng sa RF PCB Soldering

Ho laola mefokolo ena ho hloka ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso e hlophisitsoeng:

• Ho tlosa mongobo - Baking PTFE substrates ka 120 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 4-8 pele kopano e tlosa mongobo o monyehileng o bakang delamination.
• Liprofaele tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa phalliso - Libaka tse atolositsoeng tsa preheat tse nang le litheko tse tsamaeang butle butle li fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha mocheso ho li-laminate tse bobebe.
• Mefuta e fokolang ea li-flux formulations - Lik'hemik'hale tse sa hloekang li fokotsa tšilafalo ea ionic ha li ntse li boloka ketso e lekaneng ea ho kolobisa.
• Mekhoa ea liphallelo tsa mocheso - Meralo e buuoang kapa ea li-cross-hatch lifofaneng tse kholo tsa fatše li thibela mocheso o feteletseng ho teba nakong ea ho phalla hape.
• Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea X-ray - Palo ea sekheo e sa senyeheng e thusa ho etsa liphetoho pele tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea RF e senola liphoso.

Ho beoa ha likarolo le ho tsamaisana bakeng sa Lipotoloho tsa RF

Litlhoko tse nepahetseng ho Tlhahiso ea PCB e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa

Mamello ea ho lumellana ha likarolo ho kopano ea RF PCB e ama ka kotloloho ho ts'oara ha impedance ho pholletsa le ketane ea matšoao. Liphoso tsa boemo bo nyane joalo ka 0.1mm li ka hlahisa lichifi tsa mekhahlelo kapa tahlehelo e fapaneng ho maqhubu a gigahertz. Li-amplifiers tse nang le lerata le tlase, liamplifi tsa matla, le li-filters tsa maqhubu a maqhubu a holim'a metsi li hloka ho behoa ho nepahetseng ka har'a ± 0.05mm ho boloka bolelele ba mohala oa phetisetso.

Strategic Component Positioning

Likarolo tse sebetsang tsa RF li tlameha ho behoa hang-hang haufi le microstrip kapa li-stripline traces, ho fokotsa bolelele ba loto e hlahisang likokoana-hloko. Millimeter e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bolelele bo feteletseng ba khokahanyo e eketsa hoo e ka bang 1nH inductance, e lekaneng ho tlosa marang-rang a bapisang kapa ho etsa li-resonances tse sa batleheng. Likarolo tsa likarolo tse amanang le tataiso ea phallo ea lets'oao le tsona li ama ho kopana ha likokoana-hloko le katleho ea tsela ea ho khutla.

Ground Via Distribution

Kopano ea PCB ea microwave e hloka mobu o motle ka ho beha litsela tse potolohileng matšoao. Ka terata e arotsoeng ka mekhahlelo e ka tlase ho λ/10 maqhubung a holimo a ts'ebetso e na le masimo a motlakase 'me e fokotsa ho buisana pakeng tsa mesaletsa e haufi. Meaho ena ea fatše e tlameha ho beoa nakong ea ho beha likarolo ho qoba tšitiso le li-pad tsa SMT ha e ntse e boloka katleho ea motlakase.

Matla a Thepa ea SMT

Ho fihlela mamello e hlokahalang ea ho beoa ho hloka lisebelisoa tsa ho khetha le ho beha sebaka se nepahetseng haholo se nang le lisebelisoa tsa pono tsa mochini tse khonang ho pheta-pheta ± 0.025mm. Hangata li-platform tsa SMT tse tloaelehileng ha li na ho nepahala ho lekaneng bakeng sa kopano ea RF PCB, e hlokang lisebelisoa tse khethehileng. Ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea phepelo kapa karolo e ncha e ka fetola likarolo tse neng li behiloe pele, tse hlokang tatellano ea ts'ebetso e fokotsang ho ts'oaroa.

Kopano ea BGA, QFN, le Microwave Connector ho RF PCB Soldering

Litlhaloso tsa Pakete ea BGA

Liphutheloana tsa "ball grid array" hangata li na le li-circuits tse kopaneng tsa maqhubu a holimo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e phahameng ea motlakase le litšobotsi tsa mocheso. Li-solder tse patiloeng likopanong tsa BGA li theha mathata a tlhahlobo ha li ntse li le bohlokoa bakeng sa botšepehi ba matšoao. Taolo ea molumo oa solder le moralo oa stencil e ba tsa bohlokoa, kaha pente e feteletseng e baka borokho ha pente e sa lekaneng e baka manonyeletso a sa fellang.

QFN Mathata a Kopano

Liphutheloana tsa Quad flat no-lead li fana ka inductance e tlase ea parasitic empa li hloka khatiso e nepahetseng ea solder ho li-pads tse bohareng tsa mocheso. Sebaka se seholo sa marang-rang se etsa hore ho be le mocheso o moholo oa mocheso nakong ea ho phalla hape, hangata ho hloka liphetoho tse khethiloeng. Ts'ebeliso ea underfill kamora kopano ea mantlha ea RF PCB e matlafatsa ts'epahalo ea mochini ha e ntse e thibela mokhathala o kopaneng oa solder ho tloha ho baesekele e futhumetseng.

Litlhoko tsa ho kenya RF Connector

Lits'ebetso tsa SMA, SMPM, le K-connector li hloka ho nepahala ha mochini ho amang ts'ebetso ea impedance ka kotloloho. Pini ea setsi sa sehokelo se tlameha ho ikamahanya ka kotloloho le letlapa la ho qala PCB ka har'a 0.05mm ho qoba ho senyeha ha tahlehelo ea ho khutla. Lihokelo tsa Edge-launch li hloka taolo ea mamello ea PCB hangata e le thata ho feta ± 0.1mm, ho feta bokhoni bo tloaelehileng ba ho etsa boto.

Mekhoa e Khethehileng ea Kopano

Ho kenya sehokelo sa microwave hangata ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tloahelehileng ho boloka ho nepahala ha maemo nakong ea sehokelo. Lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa li sebelisa letsoho ka letsoho ka litšepe tse laoloang ke mocheso ho e-na le ho phalla hape, ho fana ka taolo e ntlafetseng holim'a kabo ea mocheso. Arola li-profiles tsa reflow, moo lihokelo li hokelang potolohong ea bobeli ea mocheso o tlase, li thibela tšenyo ea likarolo tse neng li bokane pele.

Ho hloekisa, ho hlahloba le ho etsa liteko ho RF PCB Assembly

Litlhoko tsa Taolo ea Tšilafalo

Li-circuits tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng li bonts'a kutloelo-bohloko e feteletseng ho silafatso ea ionic e setseng ka mor'a ho soasoa ke RF PCB. Masala a Flux kapa lik'hemik'hale tse sebetsanang le tsona li theha litsela tse tsamaisang tse fetolang mekhoa ea ho thibela metsi, haholo-holo mathata a marang-rang a pepenene a microstrip. Ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa metsi ho ka hlahisa mongobo ka har'a li-substrates tsa PTFE, ho etsa hore mouoane o fokotsehe kapa o hloekise plasma e le hore o loketse kopano ea microwave PCB.

Li-Protocol tsa Tlhahlobo ea Mekhahlelo e Mengata

Netefatso e pharalletseng ea boleng e hloka mekhoa e mengata ea tlhahlobo:

• Automated optical inspection - E hlwaya mefokolo e bonahalang ho kenyelletsa marokho a solder, likarolo tse sieo, kapa liphoso tsa ho tsamaisana ka lebelo la tlhahiso.
• Tlhahlobo ea X-ray - E senola liphesente tse patiloeng tsa BGA le boleng ba tšireletso ea mocheso oa QFN ka tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng.
• Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic - E lemoha litaba tse poteletseng joalo ka ho se kolobise ka solder kapa maqhetsoana a manyenyane manonyeletsong ka 50-100x magnification.

RF Netefatso ea Ts'ebetso

Litekanyo tsa tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea Vector li fana ka netefatso e hlakileng ea boleng ba kopano ea RF PCB. Teko ea S-parametha ho pholletsa le mefuta ea ts'ebetso e bonts'a tahlehelo ea ho kenya, tahlehelo ea ho khutla, le ho itšehla thajana lipakeng tsa likou. Ho kheloha ho tsoa litebellong tsa moralo hangata ho khutlela morao mefokolong e itseng ea kopano joalo ka manonyeletso a batang a solder, ho se tsamaisane hantle ha likarolo, kapa li-discontinuities tsa sefofane.

Li-Protocol tsa Teko tse sebetsang

Ka nqane ho litekanyo tsa motlakase, liteko tsa ts'ebetso tlas'a maemo a ts'ebetso li netefatsa ts'ebetso e felletseng ea potoloho. Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea matla maemong a lekantsoeng li netefatsa ho lekana ha taolo ea mocheso le bokhoni ba ho jara motlakase oa kopanelo ea solder. Tlhahlobo ea khatello ea tikoloho e pepesa liphoso tse patiloeng pele ho kenngoa tšimong, haholo-holo tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lifofane kapa tsa puisano.

Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa le Litaelo tsa Moralo bakeng sa Kopano

Khokahano ea Mokhahlelo oa Tlhahiso bakeng sa Tlhahiso ea PCB e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa

Kopano e atlehileng ea RF PCB e qala nakong ea moralo oa potoloho ha li-geometri tsa pad, lipaterone tsa liphallelo tsa mocheso, le sebaka sa likarolo li fumana ntlafatso bakeng sa tlhahiso. Litlhaloso tsa mask a solder li tlameha ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa tšireletso ea motlakase khahlano le litlhoko tsa khatiso. Tšebelisano pakeng tsa baenjiniere ba meralo le litsebi tsa ho kopanya nakong ea tlhahlobo ea sebopeho e thibela litaba tse hlokang ho hlophisoa bocha ho theko e boima.

Litekanyetso tsa Ts'ebetso ea Litokomane

Litaelo tse felletseng tsa kopano li hlakisa mefuta ea peista ea solder, likhetho tsa botenya ba stencil, liparamente tsa profil ea reflow, le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa RF tse hlokolosi. Litokomane tsena li hapa tsebo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso e netefatsang ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea tlhahiso le libaka tse fapaneng tsa tlhahiso. Phokotso ea phapano ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng e ntlafatsa ka kotloloho chai ho kopano ea microwave PCB.

Mekhoa ea Phatlalatso ea Tlhahiso

Ho sebelisana esale pele le balekane ba kopano ka litlhahlobo tsa moralo bakeng sa tlhahiso ho supa mathata a ka bang teng pele o etsa lisebelisoa. Tšebelisano ena e sebetsana le litšitiso tsa ho beha likarolo, litlhokahalo tse tšepahalang bakeng sa tlhophiso e nepahetseng, le maano a phanele a lekanyang katleho ea tlhahiso khahlano le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea RF. Li-loops tsa kamehla li thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele.

Ts'ebetsong ea Taolo ea Ts'ebetso ea Lipalopalo

RF PCB soldering e rua molemo ho tsoa ho tlhahlobo e matla ea lipalo-palo ea liparamente tsa bohlokoa tse kenyelletsang lipalo tsa khatiso, ho nepahala ha ho beoa, le li-profiles tsa mocheso oa phallo. Lits'oants'o tsa taolo li bonts'a ts'ebetso ea ho hoholeha pele sekhahla sa bofokoli se eketseha, se nolofalletsang liphetoho tsa thibelo. Litokiso tsa tloaelo le lisebelisoa tse inehetseng bakeng sa likopano tsa maqhubu a holimo li boloka ho nepahala ha geometri ho feta bokhoni bo tloaelehileng ba SMT.

fihlela qeto e

Kopano ea RF PCB e fana ka liphephetso tse ikhethang tse tsoang ho lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa substrate, litlhoko tse thata tsa ho itšireletsa, le kutloelo-bohloko ea ts'ebetso e itšetlehileng khafetsa. Ts'ebetso e moqotetsane lifensetere tse amanang le lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho PTFE li hloka li-profiles tse hlophisitsoeng hape hangata li hloka li-alloys tsa solder tse tlase mocheso. Ho fihlella kopano e tšepahalang ea microwave PCB ho ipapisitse le tlhokomelo e hokahaneng ea taolo ea mocheso, ho beoa ha karolo ka nepo, taolo ea tšilafalo, le netefatso e felletseng ea motlakase.

Highleap Electronics e fana ka tharollo ea kopano ea RF PCB e sebetsanang le litlhoko tsena tsa bohlokoa:

• Litaolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa ts'ebetso - Liprofaele tse ikhethileng tsa reflow le "nitrogen atmosphere soldering" e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa PTFE le laminates tsa tahlehelo e tlase.
• Bokhoni bo nepahetseng ba kopano - Thepa ea SMT e nepahetseng haholo e nang le ± 0.025mm e pheta-phetoang sebaka bakeng sa boemo ba karolo ea RF.
• Liprothokholo tsa tlhahlobo e felletseng - Netefatso ea mekhahlelo e mengata e kenyeletsang AOI, tlhahlobo ea X-ray, le tlhahlobo ea microscopic ea manonyeletso a bohlokoa.
• Netefatso ea ts'ebetso ea RF - Teko ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea Vector le netefatso ea S-parameter e netefatsang lintlha tsa motlakase.
• Litšebeletso tsa tšebelisano 'moho - Litlhahlobo tsa DFM le DFA tse kopanyang tsebo ea tlhahiso nakong ea ntlafatso ea moralo.

Ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere ho buisana ka hore na boiphihlelo ba rona ba tlhahiso ea PCB bo phahameng bo ka tšehetsa merero ea hau ea RF joang ka litharollo tse tšepahalang le tse netefalitsoeng ke ts'ebetso.