Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea RF PCB le Mekhoa ea ho lekanya

Teko ea RF PCB e emela mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea maqhubu a holimo le ho netefatsa boleng ba tlhahiso. Ha litsamaiso tsa puisano tse se nang mohala li sebetsa ka maqhubu a holimo, litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB li ba thata le ho feta. Liparamente tse joalo ka tahlehelo ea ho kenya, tahlehelo ea ho khutla, le ho bapisa ho ts'oana li tlameha ho lekanngoa ka ho nepahala ho feteletseng ho netefatsa botšepehi ba mats'oao ho pholletsa le maqhubu ohle.

Ho fapana le liteko tsa PCB tse tloaelehileng , litekanyo tsa RF li hloka lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng, libaka tse laoloang, le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ho lekanya ho hapa litšobotsi tse poteletseng tsa motlakase tse khethollang ts'ebetso ea potoloho. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba liparamente tsa bohlokoa tsa tekanyo, lisebelisoa tsa liteko, le mekhoa e sebetsang e nolofalletsang tlhahlobo e tšepahalang ea PCB ea RF ho tsoa netefatsong ea prototype ka tlhahiso ea bophahamo.

Bohlokoa ba Teko ea RF PCB

Teko ea RF PCB e sebeletsa merero e meraro ea mantlha: netefatso ea moralo, tlhahlobo ea bofokoli ba tlhahiso, le netefatso ea ho tsitsa ha tlhahiso. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo e fapana haholo le tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea PCB ka lebaka la boemo bo mahlonoko ba ho phatlalatsoa ha mats'oao a maqhubu a phahameng, moo le liphapang tse nyane tsa impedance kapa mamello ea boholo li ka theolang ts'ebetso haholo.

Le ha tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea PCB e shebane haholo le tsoelopele ea DC le ts'ebetso ea mantlha, tlhahlobo ea RF PCB e tlameha ho lekola boits'oaro bo rarahaneng ba motlakase ho kenyelletsa ponts'o ea lets'oao, ts'ebetso ea phetisetso, le litlamorao tsa khokahano ea motlakase. Lisebelisoa tse kang marang-rang a antenna, likopano tsa RF filter, le li-module tsa amplifier ea matla li hloka liprothokholo tse matla tsa tlhahlobo ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng maemong a ts'ebetso.

Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea RF PCB Measurement Parameters

Tahlehelo ea ho Kena le ho Khutlisa Tahlehelo

Tahlehelo ea ho kenya e lekanya phokotso ea matla a lets'oao ha e feta har'a potoloho ea RF, e bonts'ang katleho ea phetisetso ka kotloloho. Tahlehelo ea ho khutlisa e lekanya matla a mats'oao a hlahang ka lebaka la ho se tsamaellane, 'me boleng ba boleng bo holimo bo bonts'ang ts'oana e betere le tšenyo e nyane ea matla. Litekanyetso tsena ka bobeli li lekanyetsoa ho sebelisoa Vector Network Analyzer ho latela lits'ebetso tse felletseng tsa calibration tse felisang liphoso tse hlophisitsoeng.

Bakeng sa likopo tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB, ts'ebetso e amohelehang e hloka:

• Tahlehelo ea ho kenya - E fokotsoe ho pholletsa le bandwidth ea ts'ebetso, hangata tlasa 1-3 dB ho latela ho rarahana ha potoloho le mefuta ea maqhubu.
• Khutlisa tahlehelo - E lokela ho feta 10 dB bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa mantlha, e nang le litsamaiso tse hlokang ho feta tse hlokang 15 dB kapa ho feta ho netefatsa ho ts'oana ho nepahetseng ha impedance.
• Khafetsa e tsitsitseng - Mekhahlelo ka bobeli e tlameha ho lula e tsitsitse ho pholletsa le bandwidth eohle e boletsoeng ho thibela ho senyeha ha matšoao.

Impedans le Phase Measurement

Impedans ea sebopeho le karabelo ea mohato e emela liparamente tsa bohlokoa tsa phetisetso tse khethollang botšepehi ba matšoao lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB. Litekanyo tsa tšitiso li netefatsa hore likhoele tsa phetiso li boloka boleng ba tsona bo hlophisitsoeng, hangata ke 50 ohms kapa 75 ohms, ka har'a mamello e amohelehang ea ± 5% kapa ho feta bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse batloang haholo.

Time Domain Reflectometry e fana ka melemo e ikhethang bakeng sa profil ea impedance ka ho tsebahatsa li-discontinuities tse hlakileng tse haufi le litsela tsa matšoao. Litekanyo tsa TDR li fana ka tharollo ea sebaka eo mekhoa ea "frequency-domain" e ke keng ea e fihlela, e etsa hore e be bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea ho hloleha le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso nakong ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB.

S-Parameters (S11, S21, joalo-joalo)

Li-parameter tsa S li theha motheo oa tlhahlobo ea sejoale-joale ea RF PCB, e fanang ka sebopeho se felletseng sa boits'oaro ba marang-rang a mangata. S11 e hlalosa ponahatso ea ho kenya letsoho ha S21 e emela phaello kapa tahlehelo ea phetisetso ea pele, S12 e ts'oara ho itšehla thajana le S22 e bonts'ang boleng ba papali.

Litekanyo tsena li amana ka kotloloho le metrics ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea sistimi e kenyelletsang phaello ea amplifier, litšoaneleho tsa "filter passband", le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea impedance. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea S-paramethara nakong ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB e hloka ho felisoa ka nepo ho koung, litekanyetso tse netefalitsoeng tsa ho lekanya, le tlhokomeliso ea mefokolo e matla e amanang le tlhophiso ea lisebelisoa tsa liteko.

Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa tsa Teko le Litlhophiso

Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)

Vector Network Analyzer e sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB, e lekanya boholo le likamano tsa mekhahlelo ho potoloha maqhubu a boletsoeng. Li-VNA tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa li-algorithms tsa khalemelo tsa ho lokisa liphoso ho lefella liphoso tse hlophisitsoeng tse hlahisitsoeng ke likhoele, likhokahano le lisebelisoa tsa liteko.

Tekanyetso e nepahetseng e sebelisa litekanyetso tsa Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) kapa Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) e ntse e le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng. Ho se tsamaisane ha boema-kepe, botsitso ba thapo, le ho pheta-pheta sehokelo ho emela mehloli e tloaelehileng ea liphoso e tlamehang ho laoloa ka hloko nakong eohle ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB ho boloka ho se tsitse ha litekanyo ka tlase ho menyako e amohelehang.

Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)

Time Domain Reflectometry e sebetsa hantle haholo ho lemoha ho se tsoele pele ha impedance ka ho fetisetsa maqhubu a ntseng a phahama ka potlako le ho hlahloba maqhubu a bonahalang. Mokhoa ona o ipaka o le oa bohlokoa haholo nakong ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahiso le tlhahlobo ea ho se atlehe ha ho hloa libaka tse itseng tsa bofokoli ba tlhahiso joalo ka mathata, ho fapana ho latela bophara kapa ho se lumellane ha dielectric.

Litekanyo tsa TDR li tlatselletsa data ea VNA ea frequency-domain ka ho fana ka boemeli bo hlakileng ba sebaka sa liphapang tse fapaneng tsa mehala ea phetisetso. Bokhoni bona bo thusa ho rarolla mathata ka potlako nakong ea liteko tsa RF PCB le mesebetsi ea mangolo, ho fokotsa nako ea ho lokisa ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea frequency-domain feela.

Spectrum Analyzer le Power Meter

Bahlahlobisisi ba Spectrum ba lekanya litaba tsa khafetsa le likhase tse hlahisoang ke leshano tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea transmitter le ho latela melao nakong ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB. Lisebelisoa tsena li hapa litlamorao tse se nang moeli, ho sotha ha harmonic, le lihlahisoa tsa intermodulation tseo litekanyo tsa S-parameter feela li ke keng tsa li tsebahatsa ka botlalo lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang tsa potoloho.

Limithara tsa motlakase li fana ka litekanyo tsa boemo ba matla bo felletseng ka ho nepahala ho lekantsoeng, tse sebetsang e le litekanyetso tsa litšupiso bakeng sa ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea amplifier le phaello ea sistimi. Ha li kopantsoe le litekanyo tsa VNA, lisebelisoa tsena li thusa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea RF PCB e netefatsang litšobotsi tsa potoloho le tse sa tloaelehang.

Mekhoa e Sebetsang ea Kelo e Nepahetseng

Moqapi oa Moqapi oa Teko

Moralo oa sebopeho sa liteko o susumetsa haholo ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea RF PCB ka ho hlahisa bokhoni ba parasitic, inductance, le tahlehelo e hanyetsanang lipakeng tsa likou tsa litekanyo le likhokahano tsa lisebelisoa. Ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea sebopeho ho hloka ho bapisa ka hloko, bolelele ba motlakase o mokhuts'oane, le botsitso bo matla ba mochini ho netefatsa khanyetso e pheta-phetoang.

Lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB li kenyelletsa:

• Litsela tse laoloang tsa impedance - E boloka tikoloho ea 50-ohm ho tloha likoung tsa lisebelisoa ho isa litsing tsa khokahanyo tse tlase ho lisebelisoa.
• Liphetoho tse fokolang tsa phetoho - Liphetoho tse boreleli lipakeng tsa likhokahano, lisebelisoa le lintlha tsa ho qala PCB li fokotsa lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya.
• Ho pheta-pheta ka mechine - Khatello e tsitsitseng ea ho kopana le ho lumellana ho tiisa botsitso ba tekanyo ho pholletsa le ho kenngoa ka makhetlo a mangata.

Calibration le De-Embedding

Mekhoa ea ho lekanya le ea ho koala ka mokhoa oa lipalo e tlosa litlatsetso tsa boemo bo holimo litekanyong tse sa sebelisoang, e arola tšebetso ea 'nete ea sesebelisoa ho tsoa ho li-artifact tsa sistimi ea liteko. Teko ea sejoale-joale ea RF PCB e sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea ho lekanya ho ipapisitse le ho rarahana ha maemo le maemo a nepahetseng a hlokahalang.

Short-Open-Load-Thru calibration e ntse e le mokhoa o atileng haholo bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa coaxial, athe mekhoa ea Thru-Reflect-Line e lumellana hantle le meaho ea mohala oa phetisetso ea moralo. Ho emisa ho tlosa litlamorao tse salletseng tseo ho ke keng ha khoneha ho sebetsana le tsona ka botlalo, haholoholo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea millimeter-wave RF PCB moo bolelele ba motlakase bo bang bohlokoa haholo.

Taolo ea Tikoloho

Taolo ea tikoloho e ntse e ba ea bohlokoa le ho feta ha maqhubu a ts'ebetso a ntse a phahama, ka phapang ea mocheso e amang dielectric constant, litekanyo tsa conductor, le thepa ea substrate. Lilaboratori tsa tlhahlobo ea RF PCB hangata li boloka botsitso ba mocheso ka har'a ±2°C le mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng pakeng tsa 40-60% ho netefatsa liphetho tse tsitsitseng tsa tekanyo.

Tsamaiso ea lithapo le tlhokomelo ea sehokelo li ke ke tsa fetisoa haholo nakong ea liteko tsa RF PCB. Li-connectors tse senyehileng kapa lithapo tse hatelitsoeng li hlahisa ho se tsitse ha tekanyo e ka fetang meeli ea tlhaloso ea lisebelisoa, e hlokang liprothokholo tsa tlhahlobo ea kamehla le mekhoa ea ho sebetsana ka hloko ho boloka botšepehi ba nako e telele ea tekanyo.

Mathata litekong tsa RF PCB

Litekanyo Precision Litlhoko

Tekanyo ea maqhubu a holimo e hloka ho nepahala ho sa tloaelehang ho lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa khokahanyo, le moralo oa lipatlisiso ho fihlela liphetho tse nang le moelelo nakong ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB. Phapang ea li-geometrical tse lekanyang li-micrometer feela li ka hlahisa liphetoho tse kholo tsa ho thibela maqhubu ho li-millimeter-wave frequencies, tse qholotsang mamello ea tlhahiso le bokhoni ba ho rarolla litekanyo.

Ho pheta-pheta liteko ho ba le mathata ha maemo a tikoloho a fetoha kapa ha moaparo oa sehokelo o theola tšebetso ea motlakase ka nako. Ho theha mekhoa e matla ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB ho hloka ho utloisisa maikutlo ana le ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e nepahetseng ea taolo ho boloka botšepehi ba data ho pholletsa le tlhahiso ea tlhahiso.

Litšenyehelo le Tšebeliso e Ntle ea Tekanyo

Khohlano lipakeng tsa litlhoko tsa netefatso ea boenjiniere le moruo oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahiso e baka mathata a tsoelang pele bakeng sa mananeo a tlhahlobo ea RF PCB. Lihlopha tsa boenjineri li hloka ho tsebahatsoa ka botlalo ho latela mocheso, khafetsa, le maemo a matla, athe tikoloho ea tlhahiso e hloka tlhahlobo e potlakileng, e baballang chelete ka matsete a fokolang a lisebelisoa.

Ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tsena tsa tlholisano ho hloka nts'etsopele ea moralo oa tlhahlobo o hlokolosi o supang maemo a bohlokoa a netefatsang tekanyo e felletseng khahlano le litšobotsi tsa bobeli tse amohelehang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea taolo ea ts'ebetso ea lipalo. Mekhoa e sebetsang ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB e ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ha e ntse e boloka litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.

Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa ea Tlhahlobo ea RF PCB

Mehaho e Tloaelehileng ea Teko

Ho kenyelletsa li-coupons tsa liteko tse emeng hammoho le lipotoloho tse sebetsang ho thusa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea lipalo ntle le ho ja liphanele tsa tlhahiso. Meaho ena ea teka-tekano e fana ka datha e ts'oanang ea litšupiso bakeng sa ho latela mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso ho impedance, tangent ea tahlehelo, le botenya ba dielectric ho lotho ea tlhahiso nakong ea matšolo a tlhahlobo ea RF PCB.

Meralo ea li-coupon e lokela ho etsisa lijeometri tsa phetisetso ea bohlokoa, ka meaho, le li-stackups tsa thepa tse sebelisoang lipotolohong tse sebetsang. Mokhoa ona o netefatsa hore data ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB e bontša ka nepo boleng ba tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa 'nete tsa sehlahisoa ho fapana le mekhoa e nolofalitsoeng ea tlhahlobo.

Ketsiso e tsamaiswang ke Ketsiso

Ketsiso ea pele ho tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho hloleha ho amanang le moralo nakong ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB, e lumellang mesebetsi ea ho lekanya ho tsepamisa boleng ba tlhahiso ho fapana le ho lokisa liphoso. Lisebelisoa tsa ketsiso ea motlakase li bolela esale pele ts'ebetso ea potoloho le ho supa mathata a ka bang teng pele ho etsoa, ​​​​ho fokotsa lipotoloho tse bitsang chelete e ngata.

Ho rengoa ha data ka botlalo ho theha motheo oa nalane oa ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea mamello lits'ebetsong tsa liteko tsa RF PCB. Ho rekota liphetho tsa litekanyo ka mekhahlelo e amanang le ts'ebetso ho thusa tlhahlobo ea khokahano e khethollang lisosa tsa phapang ea ts'ebetso le ho ts'ehetsa liqeto tsa tlhahiso ea data.

Litokomane tsa Ts'ebetso

Ho theha lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa litekanyo le linako tsa ho lekanya liteisheneng tsohle tsa liteko ho netefatsa ho tsitsa ha data nakong ea liteko tsa RF PCB. Li-protocol tse ngotsoeng li lokela ho hlakisa:

• Khafetsa ea ho lekanya - Netefatso ea letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tlhahiso, ka tlhahlobo e felletseng e etsoang beke le beke kapa kamora tšitiso ea lisebelisoa.
• Tatelano ya tekanyo - Taelo e emeng ea liteko e thibela litlamorao tsa ho hoholeha ha mocheso mme e netefatsa data e ka bapisoang ho basebelisi bohle.
• Mekhoa ea ho amohela - Maemo a hlakileng a ho patala a hokahaneng le litlhoko tsa motlakase ho fapana le litekanyo tse sa reroang.
• Ho bolokoa ha data - Ho boloka nako e telele ho thusa tlhahlobo ea maemo le ho ts'ehetsa mehato e tsoelang pele ea ntlafatso mananeong a tlhahlobo ea RF PCB.

fihlela qeto e

Teko ea RF PCB e emela borokho ba bohlokoa bo hokahanyang ts'ebetso ea moralo oa theory le 'nete e entsoeng. Katleho e hloka kutloisiso e tebileng ea melao-motheo ea tekanyo, tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa, le taolo e matla ea tikoloho nakong eohle ea ho netefatsa. Ha litsamaiso tse se nang mehala li ntse li tsoela pele ho hatela pele ho ea ho maqhubu a holimo le litlhaloso tse thata haholoanyane, mekhoa e laolehileng ea tlhahlobo ea RF PCB e ba ea bohlokoa le ho feta bakeng sa ho netefatsa ts'epo le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa.

Highleap Electronics e fana ka tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ea RF PCB le bokhoni ba ho etsa liteko ka hare ho k'hamphani, e netefatsang ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea maqhubu a phahameng ka taolo e nepahetseng ea impedance le netefatso e thehiloeng ho VNA. Mekhoa ea rona e felletseng ea liteko e tšehetsa nts'etsopele ea mehlala le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea bophahamo.

Hore na o ntlafatsa botšepehi ba lets'oao bakeng sa li-module tsa RF kapa o nts'etsapele litsamaiso tsa microwave tsa moloko o latelang, sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere se ka thusa ka khetho ea thepa, moralo oa impedance o laoloang, le litharollo tsa liteko tse nepahetseng. Ikopanye le Highleap Electronics ho buisana ka liteko tsa hau tsa RF PCB kapa litlhoko tsa tlhahiso kajeno.