Mokhahlelo o le Mong le Mokhahlelo oa Boraro - Papiso e Felletseng le Mokhoa oa ho Khetha

1. Selelekela

Mokhahlelo o le mong le litsamaiso tsa motlakase oa mekhahlelo e meraro ke mekhoa e 'meli e atileng haholo ea kabo ea AC e sebelisoang lefatšeng ka bophara. Hore na o rala mochini oa motlakase oa bolulo kapa o hlakisa matla bakeng sa mechini ea indasteri, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa phapang lipakeng tsa meralo ena e 'meli.

Sengoliloeng sena se bapisa lisebelisoa tsa mohato o le mong le oa mekhahlelo e meraro ho pholletsa le topology ea wiring, litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso, lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng, le lintlha tsa litšenyehelo. Qetellong, u tla ba le litataiso tse hlakileng tsa ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa phepelo ea matlo, meaho ea khoebo, li-motor le lisebelisoa tsa feme.

2. Ho Utloisisa Mekhahlelo ho Matla a AC

Mokhahlelo ke Eng?

Litsamaisong tse fapanyetsanang tsa hajoale, mohato o emela mofuta o le mong oa sinusoidal waveform ea voltage kapa ea hajoale. E nahane e le “leqhubu” le le leng la matla le ntseng le phahama le ho theoha ha nako e ntse e ea. Phepelo ea karolo e le 'ngoe e na le leqhubu le le leng le joalo; phepelo ea mekhahlelo e meraro e na le maqhubu a mararo a fokotsoang ke likhato tse 120.

Hobaneng ha Mekhahlelo e Mengata e le ea Bohlokoa

Ha mekhahlelo e mengata e kopantsoe, litlhōrō le likoti tsa tsona lia kopana. Nako ena e tsitsitseng e hlahisa phallo ea matla e tsoelang pele le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Sephetho ke torque e boreleli bakeng sa li-motor, litlhoko tsa conductor tse fokotsehileng bakeng sa boemo bo fanoeng ba matla, le katleho e phahameng ea phetisetso.

3. Matla a Mokhahlelo o le Mong ke Eng?

Tlhaloso le Li-voltages tse Tloaelehileng

Matla a karolo e le 'ngoe a sebelisa conductor e le' ngoe e phelang le e le 'ngoe e sa nke lehlakore (hammoho le sekontiri sa fatše bakeng sa polokeho). Maemo a matla a bolulo a fapana ho ea ka libaka: 120 V ho 60 Hz Amerika Leboea, 230 V ho 50 Hz ho pholletsa le boholo ba Europe le Asia. Litekanyetso tsena li lekantsoe ke likhoutu tsa naha tsa motlakase le melaoana ea ts'ebeliso.

Tlhophiso ea Wiring

Potoloho e tloaelehileng ea karolo e le 'ngoe e na le lithapo tse peli (tse phelang le tse sa nke lehlakore) kapa lithapo tse tharo ha mobu o arohaneng o kenyelelitsoe. Lits'ebetsong tsa mekhahlelo e arohaneng e tloaelehileng United States, mela e 'meli ea 120 V e nkiloe ho sesebelisoa sa 240 V se kentsoeng bohareng, se nolofalletsang meroalo ea 120 V le 240 V sebakeng se le seng sa bolulo.

Melemo ea Mokhahlelo o le Mong

Wiring ea karolo e le 'ngoe e bonolo ho e kenya le ho e hlokomela. E hloka li-conductor tse fokolang le li-switchgear tse nyane, e leng se etsang hore e be le litšenyehelo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa matla a tlase. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ka tlung, li-circuits tsa mabone, le lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa ofisi li etselitsoe ho kenya letsoho ka karolo e le 'ngoe hobane li kopana le litlhoko tsa bona tsa motlakase ka mokhoa o itekanetseng.

Mathata a Mokhahlelo o le Mong

Phano ea matla ha e fetohe kamehla; sinusoidal waveform e tšela zero habeli ka potoloho e 'ngoe, e bakang phallo ea matla a matla. Pulsation ena e ka hlahisa vibrate ho li-motors mme e ka hloka capacitor-start kapa li-circuits tse ling tse thusang bakeng sa meroalo e meholo. Karolo e le 'ngoe hape ha e sebetse hantle bakeng sa phetisetso ea matla a holimo libakeng tse telele.

4. Matla a Mekhahlelo e meraro ke Eng?

Tlhaloso le Molao-motheo oa Tšebetso

Matla a mekhahlelo e meraro a na le li-waveform tse tharo tsa motlakase tse arohaneng ka likhato tse 120 tsa motlakase. Mokhahlelo ona o etsa bonnete ba hore ha leqhubu le le leng le le tlhōrōng, tse ling ha li eo, ho fella ka matla a haufi-ufi hang-hang. Lienjiniere tsa indasteri le mechini e boima li phahamisa botsitso bona bakeng sa ts'ebetso e bonolo le ts'ebetso e phahameng.

Naleli (Y) vs Delta (Δ) Lihokelo

Khokelong ea naleli (Y), theminale e le 'ngoe ea matsoelintsoeke ka 'ngoe e hokela sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa ho se nke lehlakore; maqhubu a ho tloha ho ea ho a sa nke lehlakore le a mohato ho isa ho mokhahlelo a fapana ka ntlha ea √3. Khokahanong ea delta (Δ), li-winding li etsa leqhubu le koetsoeng ntle le ho se nke lehlakore. Likhokahano tsa linaleli li lumellana le meroalo ea motlakase e tsoakiloeng 'me li fana ka litsela tse fosahetseng; delta e ratoa bakeng sa li-motor tse matla haholo le moo ho sa hlokeng lehlakore.

Melemo ea Mekhahlelo e meraro

Sistimi ea mekhahlelo e meraro e fana ka matla a sa feleng ka pulsation e nyane, e fokotsa khatello ea mochini ho li-motors. Ba fetisa matla a tšoanang ka li-conductors tse fokolang (hangata lithapo tse tharo kapa tse 'nè ho bapisoa le matla a lekanang a mohato o le mong), ho theola thepa le litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya ka tekanyo. Meroalo e leka-lekaneng ea mekhahlelo e meraro e boetse e fella ka ho se nke lehlakore hona joale, ho ntlafatsa katleho.

Mathata a Mekhahlelo e meraro

Mehaho ea motheo ea pele e rarahane ho feta: li-conductors tse eketsehileng, li-breaker tse tharo, le li-insulation tse phahameng haholo lia hlokahala. Bakeng sa mejaro e menyenyane kapa e sa leka-lekaneng, mekhahlelo e meraro e ka ba boima ho feta tekano, ea eketsa litšenyehelo tsa pele ntle le phaello e leka-lekaneng. Ho leka-lekanya ho nepahetseng ha meroalo ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo ho bohlokoa ho qoba ho jara karolo e le 'ngoe.

5. Single Phase vs Three Phase — Comparison Table

Tafole e latelang e akaretsa liphapang tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa matla a mokhahlelo o le mong le a mekhahlelo e meraro ho thusa ho etsa liqeto ka potlako. Sebelisa tafole ena e le tšupiso e potlakileng ha u lekola litlhoko tsa motlakase bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ncha kapa ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa.

6. Maemo a Kopo le Tataiso ea Khetho

Bolulo le Khoebo e Nyane

Matla a karolo e le 'ngoe a lekane matlo le liofisi tse nyane moo meroalo eohle e lulang e le ka tlase ho 10 kW. Mabone, liyuniti tsa HVAC tse ka tlase ho 5 HP, lisebelisoa tsa kichineng, le lisebelisoa tsa IT ka kakaretso li sebetsa ka nepo phepelong ea karolo e le 'ngoe. Haeba tlhokeho e phahameng e feta 10-15 kW, ho ntlafatsa ho ea ho mekhahlelo e meraro ho ka ba le moruo.

Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri le tse kholo

Lifeme, mabenkele a mochini, le litsi tsa data li rata mekhahlelo e meraro bakeng sa li-motor tse kaholimo ho 5 HP, li-compressor tse kholo, metjhini ea CNC le mela ea tlhahiso. Li-motor tsa mekhahlelo e meraro li qala hantle, li sebetsa hantle, 'me li hlahisa mocheso o fokolang. Bakeng sa libaka tsena, karolo e le 'ngoe e tla hloka li-conductors tse kholo le lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tsa ho qala, ho hlokomoloha polokelo leha e le efe ea pele.

Likhetho tsa ho sokoloha

Ha ho fumaneha mokgahlelo o le mong feela empa ho hlokahala meroalo ya mokgahlelo o meraro, ho na le ditharollo tse mmalwa. Di-converter tsa mokgahlelo o potolohang di sebedisa sete ya jenereithara ya motlakase; di-converter tse sa fetoheng di sebedisa di-elektroniki tsa motlakase ; di-drive tsa maqhubu a feto-fetohang (VFDs) di fetolela tlhahiso ya mokgahlelo o le mong ho tlhahiso ya mokgahlelo o meraro ha ka nako e ts'oanang di fana ka taolo ya lebelo. Di-VFD di fana ka bokgoni bo botle le ho tenyetseha empa ka theko e hodimo.

7. Mehopolo ea Moralo le Polokeho

Tshireletso Devices

Litsamaiso tsa mohato o le mong le tsa mohato o le mong ka bobeli li hloka li-circuit breaker tse loketseng, tšireletso ea overcurrent , le lisebelisoa tsa residual-current (RCDs). Lits'ebetso tsa mekhahlelo e meraro li sebelisa li-breaker tsa lipalo tse tharo kapa tse 'ne ho khaola mekhahlelo eohle ka nako e le 'ngoe. Boholo bo nepahetseng bo ipapisitse le hona joale ea potoloho e khutšoanyane e ka bang teng boa hlokahala.

Ho lekanngoa ha thepa

Litsamaisong tsa mekhahlelo e meraro, ho aba mejaro ka mokhoa o lekanang ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo eohle e meraro ho fokotsa ho se nke lehlakore 'me ho thibela ho jara li-conductor ka bomong. Meroalo e sa leka-lekaneng e ka baka asymmetry ea voltage, e lebisang ho mocheso o feteletseng oa koloi le ho fokotsa nako ea bophelo ea lisebelisoa.

Grounding le Insulation

Merero ea ho theola (TN, TT, IT) e ama leano la ts'ireletso ea liphoso. Li-voltage tse phahameng tsa mekhahlelo e meraro li hloka hore insulation e behiloe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Kamehla sheba likhoutu tsa lehae tsa motlakase - joalo ka NEC ho US kapa litekanyetso tsa IEC machabeng - pele u phethela meralo ea likhoele.

8. Qetello le Likhothaletso

Ho khetha pakeng tsa phepelo ea karolo e le 'ngoe le ea mekhahlelo e meraro ho ipapisitse le tlhoko ea motlakase, tekanyetso, mofuta oa lisebelisoa le sekhahla sa nako e tlang. Haeba mojaro oa hau o ka tlase ho 10 kW mme o na le mabone le lisebelisoa tse nyane haholo, mohato o le mong o lekane. Haeba u sebelisa lienjineri tse kaholimo ho 5 HP, mochini o boima, kapa u lebelletse kholo e kholo ea mojaro, tsetela ho meaho ea mekhahlelo e meraro ho tloha qalong.

9. Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

Na mekhahlelo e meraro e lula e le betere ho feta karolo e le 'ngoe?

Eseng hakaalo. Mekhahlelo e meraro e sebetsa hantle haholo bakeng sa meroalo e matla haholo empa e eketsa ho rarahana le litšenyehelo. Bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khoebo ea bolulo kapa e bobebe, karolo e le 'ngoe e lula e sebetsa ebile e le moruo.

Nka tseba joang hore na phepelo ea ka ke karolo e le 'ngoe kapa e meraro?

Sheba phanele ea hau e kholo ea sekhechana. Phanele ea mokhahlelo o le mong hangata e na le libese tse peli tse kholo; phanele ea mekhahlelo e meraro e na le tse tharo. U ka boela ua lekanya voltage pakeng tsa li-conductors-haeba u fumana li-voltage tse peli ho ea ho tse sa nkeheng le tse phahameng ho ea ho line-to-line, mohlomong u na le mekhahlelo e meraro.

A na nka tsamaisa enjene ea mekhahlelo e meraro ka matla a mokhahlelo o le mong?

E, ka converter phase kapa VFD. Leha ho le joalo, torque ea ho qala le ts'ebetso e ka fokotsoa. Li-VFD lia khothaletsoa hobane li fana ka taolo ea lebelo le bokhoni ba ho qala ka bonolo.

Ke hobane'ng ha ho khethoa mekhahlelo e meraro bakeng sa phetisetso ea motlakase?

Mekhahlelo e meraro e fetisa matla a mangata ka li-conductor tse fokolang le tahlehelo e tlase. Phallo ea matla e sa khaotseng e fokotsa khatello ea mochini ho lijenereithara le li-motor, ho ntlafatsa ts'epo ho marang-rang.

Phapano ke efe lipakeng tsa likhokahano tsa linaleli le delta?

Likhokahano tsa linaleli li fana ka ntlha e sa nke lehlakore le maemo a mabeli a motlakase (mohato-ho-ea-ho-ea-ho-ea-ho-ea-maea-mohato le mokhahlelo-mohato). Lihokelo tsa Delta li theha loop e koetsoeng e se nang lehlakore, e loketseng li-motor tse matla le maemo ao ho hlokahalang motlakase oa mohala feela.

Ke lokela ho ntlafatsa neng ho tloha mokhahlelong o le mong ho ea ho karolo e meraro?

Nahana ka ho ntlafatsa ha tlhokeho ea hau e fihla ho 10-15 kW, ha u eketsa lienjineri tse kholo ho feta 5 HP, kapa ha lits'enyehelo tsa lisebelisoa li rata metering ea mekhahlelo e meraro. Katoloso ea lisebelisoa tsa nako e tlang le eona e lokela ho ama qeto ea hau.

Haeba tlhoko ena e ama tlhahiso kapa tlhahiso, e bapise le tlhahiso ea PCB ea mohlala le sekoahelo sa PCB se lumellanang pele o romela lifaele tsa ho qetela bakeng sa tlhahlobo.