Resistor e feto-fetohang: Mefuta, Melao-motheo, le Tataiso ea Khetho bakeng sa Likopo tsa PCB

Selelekela

Resistor e feto-fetohang e sebetsa e le karolo ea elektroniki e fetoloang e lumellang baenjiniere ho fetola boleng ba khanyetso ka har'a potoloho ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang. Boenjiniereng ba PCB, likarolo tsena li ipaka li le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lokisa liphoso tsa prototype, ho lokisa keketseho ea keketseho, karohano ea motlakase, le lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea lets'oao. Ho fapana le li-resistor tse tsitsitseng tse bolokang khanyetso e sa khaotseng, li-resistor tse feto-fetohang li nolofalletsa ho lokisa le ho lekanya ka nepo nakong ea nts'etsopele ea potoloho le tlhahlobo ea tlhahiso.

Bokhoni ba ho fetola boleng ba ho hanyetsa bo etsa hore li-resistance tse fapaneng li be bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong ho tloha ho taolo ea molumo oa molumo ho isa ho tekanyo ea sensor le taolo ea lebelo la koloi. Ho utloisisa phapang lipakeng tsa potentiometers, rheostats, le trimmer resistors ho lumella baenjiniere ho khetha likarolo tse nepahetseng bakeng sa litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa potoloho. Tataiso ena e hlahloba mefuta, meaho ea kahare, litšobotsi tsa motlakase, le mekhoa ea khetho bakeng sa lihanyetsi tse fapaneng lits'ebetsong tsa sejoale-joale tsa PCB.

Mofuta Oa Resistor ke Eng?

Tlhaloso ea Motheo le Molao-motheo oa Ts'ebetso

Mohanyetsi o feto-fetohang o sebetsa joalo ka ntho e ka feto-fetohang ea khanyetso moo boleng ba khanyetso bo fetohang ka ho beoa ha mochini ho khokahanyo e thellang. Karolo e sebetsa ka ho tsamaisa wiper ka pina e hanyetsang, ho theha litsela tse fapaneng tsa ho hanyetsa pakeng tsa li-terminals. Lihanyetsi tse feto-fetohang li aroloa ka mefuta e sa khaotseng ea tokiso bakeng sa tšebelisano khafetsa ea basebelisi le likarolo tse lokisoang esale pele joalo ka li-trimmers tse fumanehang feela nakong ea ho kenya kapa ho lekanya.

Phapang ho tloha ho Fixed Resistors

• Ho rarahana ha Mekaniki - Meralo e ka fetoloang e itshetlehile ka dikgokelo tse thellang tse hlahisang ho tsofala le ho fokotsa botsitso ba nako e telele.

• Phetoho ea Khanyetso ea ho Amana - Li-interface tsa wiper li ka 'na tsa hlahisa liphetoho tsa khanyetso ha nako e ntse e ea ha libaka li ntse li eketseha kapa li senyeha.

• Ho Sebetsana le Matla a Tlase – Lithibelo tsa mocheso ho wiper le mocheso o kopaneng bokgoning ba matla a moedi wa ntlha ya ho kopana ha ho bapiswa le di-resistor tse tsitsitseng tsa boholo bo tshwanang.

Mefuta ea li-Resistors tse fapaneng

Potentiometer

Potentiometer ke sehanyetsi se feto-fetohang sa li-terminal tse tharo se sebelisoang haholo-holo e le karohano ea motlakase e feto-fetohang. Ntho e hanyetsanang e akaretsa li-terminals tse peli tse ka ntle, ha setsi sa bohareng se hokahana le wiper, se nolofalletsang karohano ea motlakase ka bobeli le tokiso ea ho hanyetsa ho latela ts'ebeliso ea potoloho.

Li-potentiometers tsa Rotary li sebelisa lipina tse chitja le mochini o bilikang o laoloang ke shaft. Li tloaelehile lihokelong tsa taolo 'me li fana ka potoloho ea 270 ° -360 °. Likhetho tse kholo li kenyelletsa:

• Linear taper - Phetoho e lekanang ea ho hanyetsa bakeng sa phetoho e ts'oanang.
• Moetsi oa molumo - Logarithmic curve e loketse taolo ea molumo le maikutlo.
• Ho nepahala ha makhetlo a mangata - Sistimi ea li-gear e nolofalletsang ho potoloha ha 10-25 bakeng sa phetoho e ntle.

Li-slider potentiometers li sebelisa lipina tse hanyetsanang tse otlolohileng tse nang le sesepa se thellang, se fanang ka pontšo ea boemo ba pono. Li sebelisoa haholo ho li-mixer tsa audio le li-interfaces tse hlokang liphetoho tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe

Rheostat

Rheostat ke mohanyetsi o fapaneng oa li-terminal tse peli o etselitsoeng taolo ea hajoale. Qetello e le 'ngoe ea ntho e hanyetsanang e hokahana ka kotloloho le wiper, e etsa mohanyetsi o fapaneng oa letoto le nang le potoloho e felletseng.

Ha li bapisoa le potentiometers, li-rheostats li na le kaho e matla haholoanyane le bokhoni bo boholo ba ho felisa mocheso, ho lumella litekanyetso tsa matla ho tloha ho li-watts tse seng kae ho ea ho li-watts tse makholo a 'maloa. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa taolo ea enjene, ho fifala ha mabone, le taolo ea heater.

Trimmer Resistor (Trimpot)

Li-resistors tsa Trimmer li fana ka tekanyo ea nako e le 'ngoe kapa e sa tloaelehang ho li-PCB. Likaroloana tsena tse kopaneng li sebelisa mekhoa e feto-fetohang kapa e feto-fetohang e le 'ngoe e fetotsoeng ka screwdriver, e etelletsa pele boholo bo nyane le khokahano ea PCB ho feta taolo ea basebelisi khafetsa.

Li-trimpots tsa SMD li tšehetsa kopano e ikemetseng le ho mamella mocheso oa ho phalla hape ho fihla ho 260 ° C, ha li-trimpots tsa ka har'a lesoba li fana ka botsitso bo ntlafalitsoeng ba mochini bakeng sa tikoloho e tloaetseng ho thothomela. Liphetoho tse ngata (12–25 turns) li fana ka qeto e phahameng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng moo ho nepahetseng ho hlokahalang.

Sebopeho sa ka hare le lisebelisoa tsa li-Resistors tse fapaneng

Lintho tse Resistive Element

Thepa e hanyetsanang le eona e khetholla ts'ebetso ea motlakase ea mohanyetsi le litšobotsi tsa botsitso. Mefuta e mene ea mantlha e laola kaho ea sejoale-joale:

• Sebopeho sa carbon - Kaho ea moruo e kopanyang likaroloana tsa khabone le li-resin tse tlamang, tse bonts'ang li-coefficients tsa mocheso oa 500 ho isa ho 1500 ppm/°C
• Cermet - Metsoako ea tšepe ea ceramic e fanang ka botsitso bo ntlafalitsoeng ka li-coefficients tsa mocheso oa 100 ho isa ho 300 ppm/°C
• Filimi ea tšepe - Likarolo tse tšesaane tse hanyetsang li-substrates tse sireletsang tse fanang ka botsitso bo botle ka li-coefficients tsa mocheso tse ka tlase ho 100 ppm/°C
• Plastiki e tsamaisang - Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho polymer tse ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa bophelo bo atolositsoeng ba ts'ebetso, ho fihlela limilione tsa potoloho ea liphetoho

Wiper Contact Design

Mochine oa wiper o theha puisano ea motlakase ka menoana ea tšepe e tletseng selemo e bolokang khatello khahlanong le pina e hanyetsang. Moralo oa ho ikopanya o ama haholo ts'epo, ka menoana e mengata e fanang ka bofokoli khahlano le mefokolo ea motho ka mong. Libaka tsa tšepe tsa bohlokoa li fokotsa oxidation le ho boloka khanyetso e tsitsitseng ea ho kopana, ha tsitsipano ea selemo e tlameha ho leka-lekanya khatello e lekaneng ea ho kopana le ho apara lipina tse feteletseng. Moralo oa sebopeho sa mochini o etsa qeto ea litšobotsi tsa lerata la motlakase le bophelo bohle ba ts'ebetso bo lekantsoeng ka potoloho ea litokiso.

Lisebelisoa tsa Kaho ea Mechini

Likopano tsa matlo li sireletsa likarolo tsa kahare ho tšilafalo ea tikoloho ha li ntse li fana ka li-interfaces tse ntseng li eketseha bakeng sa ho kenya PCB kapa ho kenya liphanele. Lisebelisoa tse nang le li-multi-turn li kenyelletsa mabokose a gear a fetolang li-rotation tse ngata tsa shaft hore e be leeto le le leng la wiper ho pholletsa le ntho e hanyetsanang, e leng se nolofalletsang ho lokisa hantle. Ho nepahala ha mochini oa likopano tsena ka kotloloho ho susumetsa ho nepahala ha tokiso le ho pheta-pheta lits'ebetsong tse bohlokoa tsa ho lekanya.

Litšobotsi tsa Motlakase tsa Li-Resistors tse fapaneng

Resistance Range le Taper

• Mefuta e mengata ea khanyetso - Li-resistor tse feto-fetohang li fumaneha ho tloha ho 1 Ω ho isa ho 5 MΩ, ka boleng bo itseng bo etselitsoeng litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa potoloho.

• Mefuta ya tshebediso ya modumo – Dipotoloho tse tlwaelehileng tsa modumo di sebedisa disebediswa tse pakeng tsa 10 kΩ le 100 kΩ ho bapisa di-impedances tse tlwaelehileng tsa ho kenya le ho ntsha.

• Boitšoaro ba ho thiba ka mola o otlolohileng - Moqomo o thibang ka mola o otlolohileng o hlahisa phetoho e lekanang, moo leeto la ho hlakola la 50% le fellang ka 50% ea khanyetso eohle.

Mefuta ea "logarithmic" kapa "audio taper" e sebelisa li-curve tsa khanyetso tse tsamaellanang le maikutlo a motho.

Tekanyetso ea Matla le Phallo

Bokgoni ba ho qhala ha motlakase bo fapana haholo ho latela mefuta ya di-resistor tse feto-fetohang. Di-resistors tsa trimmer hangata di sebetsana le di-watts tse 0.1 ho isa ho tse 0.5 ka lebaka la kaho e nyane, di-potentiometer tsa ho kenya diphanele di qhala di-watts tse 0.25 ho isa ho tse 2, mme di-rheostat di atolosa ditekanyetso tsa matla ho di-watts tse mashome kapa tse makgolo ka moralo o ntlafetseng wa mocheso. Ho qhala ha motlakase ha sebele ho tsepamisa maikutlo sebakeng sa ho kopana le wiper ha ho sebetsa e le karohano ya motlakase, ho theha di-hotspots tsa mocheso tse fokotsang matla a ts'ebetso a bolokehileng ka tlase ho boleng bo lekantsweng.

Mamello le Mocheso Coefficient

Hangata mamello ea resistor e fetohang e tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 20% ho boleng bohle ba khanyetso, e leng se pharaletseng haholo ho feta litlhaloso tse tsitsitseng tsa resistor. Bokhoni ba ho fetola mechine bo etsa hore mamello e tiileng ea tlhahiso e se ke ea hlokahala kaha basebelisi ba fokotsa khanyetso nakong ea ho kenya. Li-coefficient tsa mocheso lia fapana ho latela thepa ea element, ho tloha ho makholo a 'maloa a ppm ka degree ea Celsius bakeng sa mefuta ea khabone ho isa tlase ho 100 ppm bakeng sa meaho ea filimi ea tšepe.

Ikopanye le Resistance Variation (CRV)

Phapang ea khanyetso ea ho kopana e lekanya phetoho khanyetsong ea ho kopana le wiper nakong ea tokiso, e iponahatsa e le lerata la motlakase lits'ebetsong tsa matšoao. Tlhaloso e ba ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tsa molumo tse nang le lerata le tlase le litsamaisong tsa ho lekanya ka nepo moo esita le liphetoho tse nyane tsa khanyetso li hlahisang lintho tsa khale tse utloahalang kapa liphoso tsa tekanyo. Li-resistor tse feto-fetohang tsa boleng li fokotsa CRV ka menoana e mengata ea wiper, likhokahano tsa tšepe ea bohlokoa, le moralo o ntlafalitsoeng oa khatello ea ho kopana.

Lisebelisoa tsa li-Resistors tse fapaneng

Li-resistant tse feto-fetohang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tse hlokang ho phetoa kapa ho fetoloa ha paramethara ea motlakase nako le nako nakong ea ts'ebetso kapa calibration.

1. Sistimi ea molumo - Li-Potentiometers li beha molumo, molumo, le litšoaneleho tsa filthara, tse tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa phepelo ea potoloho.
2. Bontša lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki - Bahanyetsi ba feto-fetohang ba laola matla a mabone a morao-rao bakeng sa taolo ea khanya e feto-fetohang.
3. Tlhaloso ea sensor - Li-resistors tsa Trimmer li fana ka zero-offset le ho fumana liphetoho ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha tekanyo ea kamora ho kenya.
4. Sesebelisoa sa indasteri - Li-Rheostats le potentiometers li tsamaisa lebelo la enjene ka ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase oa letsoho le tšehetso ea li-setpoint ho mocheso kapa lilaoli tsa khatello.
5. Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka - Li-resistors tse fapaneng tse nepahetseng hantle-tune amplifier li fumana methating ea maemo a mats'oao ho amohela mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso ea sensor.
6. Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki - Rotary potentiometers e fetola phallo ea mochini (mohlala, throttle, pedal position) hore e be matšoao a lekanang a motlakase bakeng sa ECUs.
7. Sistimi ea sepakapaka - Multi-turn precision potentiometers e thusa ho lekanya ho tsitsitseng ha lisebelisoa tsa ho laola sefofane tlas'a vibrate le mocheso o feteletseng.

Likarolo tsena tsa ts'ebeliso li bonts'a kamoo lihanyetsi tse feto-fetohang li fanang ka taolo e feto-fetohang ea mosebelisi le tekano ea boemo ba boenjineri ho pholletsa le lits'ebetso tsa bareki, liindasteri, le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoahali.

Tataiso ea Khetho ea Mohanyetsi e feto-fetohang

Litlhoko tsa Ts'ebetso

Sesebelisoa sa potoloho se etsa qeto ea hore na karohano ea motlakase kapa taolo ea hajoale e laela khetho e fapaneng ea mohanyetsi. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase oa motlakase li hloka litlhophiso tsa potentiometer ea li-terminal tse tharo, ha li-circuits tsa hona joale tsa taolo li sebelisa likhokahano tsa rheostat tse peli tse tsamaisang mojaro oa hona joale. Mehopolo ea khafetsa ea litokiso e arola mefuta e tsoelang pele ea phetoho ho li-trimmers tse seng li setiloe, moo taolo ea phanele e ka pele e hlokang meralo e matla e nang le lintlha tse atolositsoeng tsa ts'ebetso tse fetang li-cycle tse milione.

Litlhaloso Tse Bohlokoa tsa Motlakase

Khetho ea boleng ba khanyetso e ipapisitse le impedance ea potoloho le mofuta o lakatsehang oa phetoho. Tekanyetso ea matla e tlameha ho feta ho senyeha ha maemo a mabe ka ho fetesisa tlas'a maemo ohle a tokiso a nang le lintlha tse nyenyefatsang. Litlhaloso tsa li-coefficient tsa mocheso li fetoha tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse nepahetseng moo mocheso oa mocheso o amang ts'ebetso ea potoloho. Litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa khanyetso ea ho ikopanya li etsa qeto ea ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa mats'oao a lerata le tlase khahlano le li-circuits tsa taolo ea matla tse tlase moo ho feto-fetoha ho fokolang hoa amoheleha.

Mehopolo ea Mechini le ea Tikoloho

Boemo ba 'mele le bophahamo ba karolo li qobella sebopeho sa PCB, haholo likopanong tse kopaneng. Ho kenya ka har'a lesoba ho fana ka botsitso ba mochini empa ho thatafatsa kopano e ikemetseng, ha li-resistors tsa SMD trimmer li thusa lits'ebetso tse felletseng tsa holim'a metsi. Litlhaloso tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso o sebetsang li tlameha ho kenyelletsa maemo a tikoloho hammoho le ho iphuthumatsa ka tlas'a matla a mangata a ho qhalana:

• Mefuta e tloaelehileng - Ka tloaelo -25 ° C ho +85 ° C bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khoebo
• Boholo bo atolositsoeng -40°C ho ea ho +125°C bakeng sa tikoloho ea likoloi le liindasteri
• Kaho e tiisitsoeng - E bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mongobo le tšireletso ea tšilafalo

PCB Manufacturing Compatibility

Litlaleho tsa mocheso oa "Reflow soldering" li beha khatello ea mocheso ho li-resistars tse fapaneng, haholo-holo mefuta ea SMD e nang le liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa mocheso o fihlang ho 260 ° C. Litlhaloso tsa likarolo li tlameha ho netefatsa ho lumellana ha soldering ntle le lead. Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa ka mor'a ts'ebetso ea soldering e beha kotsing ea ho kenya masala a phallang ka har'a mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea ho hanyetsa, e leng ho etsang hore ho se ke ha e-ba le ho hloeka ha flux formulations bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse bonolo.

Mekhoa e Tloaelehileng ea ho hloleha ho li-Resistors tse fapaneng

Wiper Wear le ho Senya Maikutlo

Ho roala ha mochini ho sebopeho sa wiper-track ho emela mokhoa oa mantlha oa ho hloleha ho lihanyetsi tse feto-fetohang tse fetotsoeng khafetsa. Khokahano e thellang butle-butle e senya menoana ea ho hlakola ka bobeli le bokaholimo ba lintho tse hanyetsanang, e eketsa khanyetso ea likhokahano le ho kenya likhokahano tsa nakoana. Ho senyeha ha khatello ea ho kopana ho etsahala ha liliba tsa wiper li lahleheloa ke tsitsipano ka ho kheloha khafetsa, ho lumella oxidation ho etsa lifilimi tse sireletsang holim'a libaka tse hokahaneng tse eketsang lerata la motlakase.

Khatello ea Tikoloho le Mocheso

Ho kenella ka lerole le likaroloana ho baka mekoallo e sireletsang pakeng tsa "wiper" le "resissive element", e bakang ho kopana ha nakoana le liphetoho tse sa tsitsang tsa ho hanyetsa. Ho monyela ha mongobo ho ama likarolo tsa khabone haholo haholo, ho baka ho hoholeha ha khanyetso. Ho felloa ke matla ho feteletseng ho senya lintho tse thibelang mocheso ka lebaka la ho futhumala ho feteletseng sebakeng sa li-wiper, 'me ho na le thepa ea thepa e theolang mocheso. Ho palama libaesekele pakeng tsa meeli ea mocheso o feteletseng ho baka khatello ea kelello ho tloha katolosong ea phapang pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng, tse ka 'nang tsa senya lintho tse thibelang kapa tse senyang manonyeletso a solder.

Resistance Drift le Motlakase O fetelletseng

Ho hoholeha ha nako e telele ho bakoa ke ho fetoha ha thepa butle-butle linthong tse hanyetsang tse pepesehileng mocheso o phahameng le khatello ea motlakase. Mefuta ea sebopeho sa carbon e bonts'a ho hoholeha ho hoholo ha ho bapisoa le meaho ea cermet kapa ea tšepe. Motlakase o feteletseng o tsoang ho matla a feteletseng kapa o sebelisoang hona joale ka nakoana o baka liphetoho tse sa feleng tsa ho hanyetsa ka mekhoa ea tšenyo ea lintho tse bonahalang, ho fetola boleng ba khanyetso ho feta meeli e boletsoeng esita le liketsahalong tse khutšoanyane tsa overvoltage.

fihlela qeto e

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa ho Khetho ea Mohanyetsi oa Variable

Khetho ea resistor e feto-fetohang e hloka tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso le litšobotsi tsa likarolo. Phapang ea motheo lipakeng tsa potentiometers bakeng sa karohano ea motlakase, li-rheostats bakeng sa taolo ea hajoale, le li-trimmers bakeng sa ho lekanya esale pele li susumetsa likhetho tsa moralo ho feta paramethara efe kapa efe ea litlhaloso.

Tšusumetso ea Lintho le Kaho ho Botsitso

Khetho ea thepa e ama ka matla botsitso ba nako e telele, ka filimi ea tšepe le meaho ea cermet e fanang ka ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng le ho fokotsa ho hoholeha ha ho bapisoa le likarolo tsa carbon, haholo-holo ka ho nepahala kapa lits'ebetso tse bohlokoa haholo.

Litlhokomelo tsa ho Felloa ha Mocheso le Matla

Khatello ea ho felloa ke matla ho sebopeho sa wiper hangata e hlokomolohuoa mme e fokotsa matla a ka sebelisoang ka tlase ho litekanyetso tsa database. Li-resistant tse feto-fetohang li tobane le liphephetso tse kholo tsa mocheso ho feta li-resistant tse tsitsitseng ka lebaka la ho futhumala ha libaka le ho eketsa impedance ea mocheso ho tsoa ho mochini oa wiper.

Tšehetso ea Boenjiniere bakeng sa Tšebelisano e Tšepahalang

Bakeng sa ditherisano tsa botekgeniki mabapi le kopanyo ya di-variable resistor dikopanong tsa hao tsa PCB , Highleap Electronics e fana ka tshehetso ya boenjiniere nakong yohle ya kgetho ya dikarolo le ditshebetso tsa tlhahiso.