High Frequency PCB: Tlhaloso, Melemo, le Likopo

PCB ea High Frequency ke eng?

Tlhaloso le Morero

PCB ea maqhubu a phahameng ke boto ea potoloho e khethehileng e etselitsoeng ho sebetsa maqhubung a atisang ho feta 1GHz, e sebelisoang hangata lits'ebetsong tsa maqhubu a seea-le-moea le tsa microwave. Liboto tsena li entsoe ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le phetiso ea lets'oao la lebelo le phahameng ka tahlehelo e fokolang le ho sotha, e leng se etsang hore e be ea bohlokoa bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa puisano tsa sejoale-joale le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse tsoetseng pele.

Litšobotsi Tsa Bohlokoa

Litšobotsi tse hlalosang tsa li-PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng li kenyelletsa thepa e sa fetoheng ea dielectric e tlase, lintlha tse fokolang tsa ho qhalana, le ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea botšepehi ba lets'oao. Ho fapana le liboto tse tloaelehileng tsa FR-4, li-PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng li sebelisa thepa e tsoetseng pele ea substrate joalo ka li-laminate tse thehiloeng ho PTFE tse tsoang ho bahlahisi ba kang laminate e ikhethang e nang le tahlehelo e tlase, Taconic, le Arlon. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase, li-stackup tse kopantsoeng tse kopanyang thepa e nang le maqhubu a phahameng le mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea FR-4 li fana ka mokhoa o leka-lekaneng lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso le lithibelo tsa tekanyetso.

Li-PCB tsa Maqhubu a Phahameng li Fapa Joang ho Liboto tse Tloaelehileng

Phapang ea mantlha lipakeng tsa li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng le liboto tse tloaelehileng li mabapi le tsela eo li tsamaisang phatlalatso ea maqhubu a motlakase. Ho maqhubu a kaholimo ho 1GHz, esita le ho se lumellane ho honyane ha thepa kapa ho se phethahale ha moralo ho ka baka phokotso e kholo ea mats'oao, ho fetoha ha mekhahlelo, le ho se lumellane ho sitisang ts'ebetso ea potoloho.

Litšobotsi tsa Bohlokoa tsa Li-PCB tsa Maqhubu a Phahameng

Dielectric Constant Stability

Phetoho ea dielectric e khetholla hore na maqhubu a motlakase a ata joang ka har'a substrate ea PCB. Lisebelisoa tsa PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng li boloka litekanyetso tse tsitsitseng tsa Dk ho pholletsa le mocheso le maqhubu a fapaneng, ho netefatsa likamano tse ka lebelloang tsa mohato oa lets'oao. Thepa e tsitsitseng ea dielectric e bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang nako le ho hokahanya ka nepo, joalo ka li-antenna tsa mekhahlelo le li-interface tsa dijithale tse potlakileng.

Sehlahisoa sa Dissipation le Tahlehelo ea Letšoao

The dissipation factor e ama ka kotloloho ho fokotseha ha lets'oao ho li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng. Lisebelisoa tse nang le boleng bo tlase ba Df li fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla ha matšoao a haola le boto, a boloka matla a matšoao le ho fokotsa tlhoko ea ho holisa. Li-laminate tsa maemo a holimo tse phahameng hangata li bonts'a boleng ba Df bo ka tlase ho 0.004, tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho feta lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse ka fetang 0.020.

Thermal Katoloso Matching

Coefficient ea ho lumellana ha mocheso pakeng tsa likarolo tsa koporo le lisebelisoa tsa substrate li thibela khatello ea mochine likopanong tsa PCB tse phahameng tsa multilayer. Litekanyetso tsa CTE tse sa lumellaneng li ka baka delamination, ho petsoha ka masoba, le ho se tšepahale nakong ea ho palama baesekele. Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa maqhubu a phahameng li entsoe hore li tsamaellane hantle le likarolo tsa ho hola ha mocheso oa koporo.

Bokaholimo ba Koporo Taolo ea Bokhopo

Libakeng tsa maqhubu a microwave, bokaholimo ba koporo bo tlatselletsa haholo tahlehelong ea conductor. Lisebelisoa tsa PCB tse phahameng li sebelisa li-foil tsa koporo tsa boemo bo tlase kapa koporo e hloekisitsoeng ka morao ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea letlalo. Ho fokotsa boima ba bokaholimo ho tloha ho li-profaele tse tloaelehileng ho ea ho li-profiles tse tlase haholo ho ka fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya ka liperesente tse mashome a mararo ho maqhubu a kaholimo ho 10GHz.

Precision Impedans Control

Ho fihlella mamello e matla ea ho thibela ho hloka taolo e nepahetseng ea trace geometry le botenya ba dielectric ha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea PCB e phahameng haholo. Lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale li hloka ho nepahala ha impedance ka har'a liperesente tse hlano kapa ho feta kapa ho feta, tse hlokang taolo e tsoetseng pele ea ts'ebetso le lisebelisoa tse nang le thepa ea motlakase e sa fetoheng nakong eohle ea tlhahiso.

Melemo ea ho Sebelisa High Frequency PCBs

Phetiso e tsitsitseng ea Letšoao

Li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng li fana ka botšepehi ba matšoao a holimo ka tahlehelo e fokotsehileng, crosstalk e fokolang, le litšobotsi tse tlaase tsa lerata. Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le mekhoa ea tlhahiso e laoloang e netefatsa hore boleng ba matšoao bo lula bo tsitsitse esita le ho mefuta e mengata ea ho sebetsa ea gigahertz, e leng ho nolofalletsang phetisetso ea data e tšepahalang lits'ebetsong tse hlokang.

Taolo e Ntle ea Impedans

Ho boloka ts'oaetso e nepahetseng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisana le li-antenna, li-amplifiers le likhoele tsa phetisetso ho li-circuits tsa RF le microwave. Meralo ea PCB ea maqhubu a phahameng e kenyelletsa mesaletsa e laoloang ea impedance e bolokang ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea matla le ho fokotsa likhakanyo. Bokhoni bona ke ba bohlokoa bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa likhokahano tse se nang mohala moo ho se lumellane ho amang mefuta le litekanyetso tsa data.

Thermal botsitso

Li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng li boloka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea motlakase ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea mocheso le tlas'a maemo a phahameng a matla. Thepa e tsoetseng pele ea substrate e hanela liphetoho tsa thepa tse neng li ka baka ho hoholeha khafetsa, ho fapana ha impedance, kapa tahlehelo e ntseng e eketseha. Botsitso bona ba mocheso bo tiisa ho ts'epahala ha nako e telele lisebelisoa tsa ka hare le libaka tse thata tsa kantle.

Ho tšepahala ho ntlafalitsoeng

Motsoako oa li-substrates tse tsitsitseng ka mochini, thepa ea katoloso ea mocheso, le lisebelisoa tse thibelang mongobo li kenya letsoho ho ts'epahalleng e ikhethang likopanong tsa PCB tse phahameng haholo. Liboto tsena li mamella lipotoloho tse likete tsa mocheso le lilemo tsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ntle le ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo le nako ea tsamaiso.

Moralo oa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo

Theknoloji ea PCB ea maqhubu a phahameng e hokahana ka mokhoa o sa reroang le meaho e hokahantsoeng e phahameng haholo le li-stackups tse tsoakiloeng. Baenjiniere ba ka kopanya likarolo tse phahameng tsa maqhubu le lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng ho meralo e nyalisitsoeng, ba ntlafatsa litšenyehelo ha ba ntse ba boloka ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea RF libakeng tse itseng tsa boto. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho thusa meralo e tsoetseng pele ea sistimi e leka-lekaneng litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso le moruo oa tlhahiso.

Lisebelisoa tsa High Frequency PCBs

Lisebelisoa tsa Mehala

Metheo ea mehala e se nang mohala ea moloko oa bohlano e itšetlehile haholo ka li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng bakeng sa li-module tsa li-base station, li-antenna tse kholo tsa MIMO, le marang-rang a beamforming a millimeter-wave. Liboto tsena li thusa maqhubu a bajari ba li-gigahertz tse ngata le li-bandwidth tse pharaletseng tse hlalosang ts'ebetso ea 5G. Lihokelo tsa microwave backhaul le li-deployments tse nyane tsa lisele li boetse li its'etleha ho theknoloji ea PCB e phahameng ho boloka boleng ba matšoao ho feta lihlopha tse nang le lengolo la spectrum.

Litsamaiso tsa Radar ea Likoloi

Sistimi e tsoetseng pele ea lithuso tsa bakhanni le sethala sa likoloi tse ikemetseng li kenyelletsa li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng ka har'a li-module tsa radar tse sebetsang ho lihlopha tsa 24GHz le 77GHz. Liboto tsena li sebetsana le lintho tse ling tse haufi le tsona ho thusa ho qoba ho thulana, ho laola sekepe le ho thusa ho paka. Tikoloho ea likoloi e hloka li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng tse mamellang mocheso o feteletseng, ho thothomela le mongobo ha li ntse li boloka ts'ebetso ea millimeter-wave nakong ea bophelo bohle ba koloi.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho Etsa Litšoantšo tsa Bongaka

Sistimi ea ho nahana ka matla a makenete a sebelisa li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng ho likhoele tsa RF le limojule tsa ho amohela tse hlahisang le ho lemoha mats'oao a matla a khoheli a nyutlelie. Lits'ebetso tsa kalafo tse kenyelletsang RF ablation system li hloka phepelo ea motlakase ka makhetlo a mangata moo liboto tse tloaelehileng tsa potoloho li ka hlahisang tahlehelo e sa amoheleheng. Theknoloji e phahameng ea maqhubu a PCB e nolofalletsa ho tšepahala ha matšoao ho hlokahalang bakeng sa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo le katleho ea phekolo.

Aerospace le Defense

Litefiso tsa likhokahano tsa satellite, litsamaiso tsa radar, le lisebelisoa tsa ntoa tsa elektroniki li sebetsa ho pholletsa le maqhubu a maqhubu a microwave le millimeter-wave moo li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng li leng bohlokoa. Lisebelisoa tsena ha li hloke feela ts'ebetso e ntle ea RF empa hape le ho ts'epahala maemong a mahlaseli a kotsi, mocheso o feteletseng le maemo a vacuum. Sistimi ea ts'ireletso e kenyelletsa li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng ho metsu e tataisitsoeng, li-radar tse hlophisitsoeng tse sebetsang, le likhokahano tse sireletsehileng tsa puisano.

Khomphutha ea lebelo le holimo le marang-rang

Li-switch tsa setsi sa data , li-router tsa mantlha, le li-platform tsa k'homphieutha tse sebetsang hantle li sutumelletsa sekhahla sa matšoao ho feta 100Gbps ka tsela, e leng se hlokang meralo ea PCB ea maqhubu a phahameng e laolang sekhahla sa dijithale le maqhubu a oache a kentsoeng. Li-connector tsa backplane le li-interface tsa module ea optical li hloka litšobotsi tsa tahlehelo e tlase le impedance e laoloang eo thepa ea maqhubu a phahameng e fanang ka eona, e nolofalletsang ho hola ha bandwidth eo marang-rang a sejoale-joale a e hlokang.

Ho Khetha Thepa e nepahetseng bakeng sa PCB ea Maqhubu a Phahameng

Khetho ea thepa e etsa qeto ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso ea PCB ea maqhubu le litšenyehelo. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fana ka tekanyo e fapaneng pakeng tsa botsitso ba dielectric, litšobotsi tsa tahlehelo, le tlhahiso:

• laminate e khethehileng e nang le tahlehelo e tlase - Botsitso bo leka-lekaneng ba dielectric le theko e tlase, e tsamaellanang le lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa PCB.
• laminate e khethehileng e nang le tahlehelo e tlase - Tahlehelo e tlase ea dielectric, e loketseng li-circuits tsa microwave le RF tse batloang.
• Taconic RF-35 - Tahlehelo e tlase haholo le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ho fapana ha mocheso.
• Panasonic Megtron 6 - E etselitsoe lits'ebetso tsa dijithale tsa lebelo le holimo tse hlokang taolo e thata ea Dk le skew ea matšoao a tlase.

Phapang pakeng tsa litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso e ipapisitse le lebelo la ts'ebetso le sepheo sa ts'ebetso:

• Ka tlase ho 6 GHz – FR-4 e nang le maqhubu a phahameng kapa laminate e ikhethang e nang le tahlehelo e tlase hangata e fana ka ts'ebetso e lekaneng ka theko e tlase.
• Ka holimo ho 10 GHz - Li-laminates tsa Premium tse thehiloeng ho PTFE kapa tse tlase-tlase li fetoha tsa bohlokoa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya le lerata.

Khetho ea thepa e boetse e lokela ho nahana ka ho lumellana ha tlhahiso le ho itokisetsa kopano:

• Litšitiso tsa ho etsa lintho - Li-substrates tse ling li hloka ho cheka ka mokhoa o khethehileng, ho tsamaisa tsela le ho lokisoa ha bokaholimo.
• Bokhoni ba mofani oa thepa - Ha se baetsi bohle ba PCB ba nang le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa RF kapa li-stackups tse nyalisitsoeng.
• Khokahano ea pele - Ho buisana ka litlhoko tsa thepa le ts'ebetso le baetsi ba lihlahisoa ho thibela ho tsosolosoa le ho lieha ha tlhahiso.

Ho kgetha thepa e nepahetseng ya PCB e nang le maqhubu a hodimo qetellong ke tekatekano pakeng tsa tshebetso ya motlakase, ditjeo, le bokgoni ba ho e etsa — qeto e ntle ka ho fetisisa e etswang ka tshebedisano-mmoho ya pele le baetsi ba PCB ba nang le boiphihlelo.

fihlela qeto e

Li-PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng li kopanya lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele, tlhahiso e nepahetseng, le moralo o hlophisitsoeng ho netefatsa hore ho na le tšitiso e tsitsitseng le tahlehelo e tlase ea mats'oao ho lits'ebetso tse batloang haholo. Li bohlokoa puisanong e se nang mohala, radar ea likoloi, le lits'ebetso tsa komporo ea lebelo le holimo moo ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea motlakase e leng bohlokoa.

Ho fumana liphetho tse tšepahalang ho ipapisitse le ho sebetsa le bahlahisi ba nang le boiphihlelo ho lisebelisoa tsa RF, taolo ea impedance, le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Lintlha tse poteletseng tse kang ho tšoara thepa le ho nepahala ha lintho tse entsoeng ke tsona hangata li laolang hore na moralo o sebetsa feela kapa o sebetsa hantle.

Ho Highleap Electronics, re fana ka tlhahiso ea PCB e sebelisoang khafetsa ka thepa e tšepahalang ea RF le lits'ebetso tse laoloang ka thata tsa impedance. Sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere se sebelisana le bareki ho ntlafatsa li-stackups le ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ka katleho ea litšenyehelo bakeng sa meralo ea elektroniki ea moloko o latelang.