Likoloi tsa Radar PCB: Liboto tsa Boenjiniere tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa bakeng sa ADAS le Autonomous Driving

Li-PCB tsa RF le Microwave tsamaisong ea radar ea likoloi li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nolofatseng ho lemoha lintho ka mokhoa o tšepahalang, ho qoba ho thulana, le mesebetsi ea ho khanna ka boikemelo. Ha theknoloji ea motlakase ea likoloi le ho khanna ka boiketsetso e ntse e potlaka lefatšeng ka bophara, li-sensor tsa radar li fetohile lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng likoloing tsa sejoale-joale.

Litsamaiso tsena li sebetsa ka maqhubu a microwave ho tloha 24GHz ho isa 79GHz, li batla liboto tsa potoloho tse entsoeng ka nepo tse khonang ho boloka botsitso ba matšoao tlas'a maemo a thata a likoloi. Phetoho e lebisang ho Level 3 le Level 4 ea likoloi tse ikemetseng e ekelitse litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea radar, e tsamaisang ka kotloloho boqapi ba moralo le tlhahiso ea PCB ea maqhubu a holimo.

PCB ea radar ea likoloi ea kajeno e tlameha ho fana ka litšobotsi tse tsitsitseng tsa motlakase ho pholletsa le maemo a feteletseng a mocheso ha e ntse e fihlela litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa boleng ba likoloi.

Karolo ea RF le Microwave PCBs ho Automotive Radar

Radar Signal Path Architecture

Sistimi ea radar ea likoloi e sebetsa ka potoloho e tsoelang pele ea phetisetso ea maqhubu a motlakase, ponahalo ea sepheo, le ts'ebetso ea mats'oao. RF PCB e sebetsa e le motheo oa ketane ena eohle ea mats'oao, li-module tse tsamaisang li-transmitter tse hlahisang mats'oao a maqhubu a holimo, li-antenna tse tsamaisang matšoao ana tikolohong, le li-circuits tse amohelang le ho holisa maqhubu a bonahatsoang. Botšepehi ba pontšo ho pholletsa le tsela ena bo tiisa ho nepahala ha ho sibolloa le ho sebetsa ha mefuta.

Tsamaiso ea Lipontšo tsa Maqhubu a Phahameng

Li-PCB tsa Microwave lits'ebetsong tsa radar tsa likoloi li boloka litsela tse laoloang tsa impedance lipakeng tsa likarolo tse sebetsang le likarolo tsa antenna. Ts'ebetsong ea 77GHz, maqhubu a maqhubu a lekanya 3.9mm feela, a etsa hore trace geometry e ame ka kotloloho phatlalatso ea matšoao. Sebopeho sa boto se tlameha ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya, ho thibela ho kopana ho sa batleheng pakeng tsa liteishene tse haufi, le ho fana ka lifofane tse tsitsitseng tsa fatše bakeng sa boitšoaro bo tsitsitseng ba motlakase ho pholletsa le mocheso o sebetsang.

Phethahatso ea Band ea Frequency

Sistimi ea hajoale ea radar ea likoloi e sebetsa haholo maemong a mabeli a maqhubu. Radar ea nako e khuts'oane ho 24GHz e ts'ehetsa thuso ea ho paka makoloi le ho lemoha sebaka se sa boneng ka litlhoko tse tlase tsa tharollo. Radar ea nako e telele ho 77GHz e thusa ho laola maeto a sekepe le temoso ea ho thulana, ka ho falla ho tsoelang pele ho ea ho 79GHz bakeng sa tharollo e ntlafetseng le tšitiso e fokotsehileng. Sehlopha se seng le se seng sa frequency se beha litlhoko tse ikhethileng ho thepa ea radar ea koloi ea PCB le moralo oa stack.

Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki bakeng sa Moralo oa Radar PCB

Taolo ea Impedans le Matching

Taolo e nepahetseng ea impedance e emela motheo oa moralo oa PCB o sebetsang oa maqhubu a phahameng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa radar. Liphetho tsa transmitter, li-antenna feed, le lintho tse kenang tse amohelang hangata li hloka ho bapisoa ha impedance ea 50-ohm ho fokotsa ponts'o ea lets'oao le ho eketsa phetiso ea matla. Mamello ea tlhahiso e tlameha ho boloka phapang ea impedance ka hare ho ± 5% ho pholletsa le libaka tsa tlhahiso, e hlokang taolo e nepahetseng ea bophara ba trace, botenya ba dielectric, le boima ba koporo ho pholletsa le tlhahiso.

Litekanyetso tsa Khetho ea Lintho

Lisebelisoa tsa PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng bakeng sa radar ea likoloi li tlameha ho bontša phapang e tlase ea dielectric ho pholletsa le mocheso le maqhubu. laminate e ikhethang e nang le tahlehelo e tlase e nang le εr ea 3.0 le ntlha ea ho qhalana ka tlase ho 0.001 ho 10GHz e fana ka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa 77GHz. Letoto la Taconic TLY le fana ka litšobotsi tse tšoanang tsa motlakase tse nang le bokhoni bo ntlafalitsoeng ba ts'ebetso. Ho monngoa ha mongobo oa thepa ho tlameha ho lula ho le honyenyane ho thibela ho hoholeha ho sa feleng ha dielectric libakeng tse mongobo.

Stack-Up Architecture

Moralo o sebetsang hantle oa radar oa PCB o arola likarolo tsa antenna ho tloha ho potoloho e sebetsang ka lifofane tse tlase tse inehetseng. Tlhophiso e tloaelehileng e beha likarolo tsa antenna mokatong o ka holimo, sefofane se fatše holim'a lesela la bobeli, mokhoa oa pontšo holim'a lera la boraro, le kabo ea matla mokatong o ka tlase. Tokisetso ena e fana ka tšireletso lipakeng tsa lipaterone tsa mahlaseli a antenna le li-circuits tse amohelang maikutlo ha li ntse li boloka tšitiso e laoloang bakeng sa litsela tsohle tsa RF.

Via and Trace Design

Moralo oa PCB ea microwave o hloka tlhokomelo ka ho beha le ho tsamaisa mola oa morao ho boloka botšepehi ba lets'oao:

• E fokotsoe ka inductance - Li-vias tse foufetseng le tse patiloeng li fokotsa li-parasitic inductance tse sitisang ts'ebetso ho maqhubu a millimeter-wave ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho feta.
• Geometry e laoloang - Litsela tsa RF li qoba ho kobeha ka lehlakoreng le letona 'me li boloka sebaka se sa fetoheng ho tloha lifofaneng tsa fatše ho thibela ho se tšoane ho hoholo.
• Liphetoho tse fokolang tsa impedance - Liphetoho tsa lera li sebelisa liphetoho tse thellisang ho fapana le ho khaotsa ka tšohanyetso ho fokotsa ponahatso ea mats'oao libakeng tse mahlonoko.

Litlhaloso tsa Lintho tsa PCB bakeng sa Likopo tsa Radar

Papiso ea Ts'ebetso ea Boitsebiso

laminate e khethehileng e nang le tahlehelo e tlase e fana ka botsitso bo botle ba mocheso ka coefficient ea katoloso ea mocheso e lumellanang le koporo, e fokotsang khatello nakong ea potoloho ea mocheso. Isola Astra MT77 e fana ka ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea motlakase ka litšenyehelo tse tlase ka kaho ea hybrid PTFE. Panasonic Megtron 7 e sebetsa e le mokhoa o mong oa ts'ebetso e phahameng moo constant ea dielectric e phahameng hanyane e amohelehang. Khetho ea thepa e leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa motlakase khahlanong le litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ea mocheso le lithibelo tsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.

77GHz Litlhoko tsa Material

PCB ea radar ea likoloi e sebetsang ho 77GHz e hloka lisebelisoa tse nang le lintlha tse ka tlase ho 0.002 ho fokotsa ho fokotsa matšoao. Ho monyela ha mongobo o tlase ho thibela ho hoholeha ho sa feleng ha dielectric nakong ea tlhahlobo ea maemo a mongobo. Thepa e tlameha ho boloka botsitso ba sebopeho ka lipotoloho tse ngata tsa mocheso lipakeng tsa -40 ° C le 125 ° C ntle le delamination kapa phetoho e lekantsoeng ea boholo bo neng bo tla theola likarolo tsa antenna.

Litšobotsi tsa Botsitso ba Mocheso

Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa PCB li tlameha ho hanela ho senyeha ho pholletsa le mocheso oa likoloi. Thempereichara ea phetoho ea khalase e lokela ho feta 280°C ho netefatsa botsitso nakong ea lits'ebetso tsa ho kolobisa ntle le loto. Coefficient ea katoloso ea mocheso ho Z-axis e tlameha ho ts'oana le koporo haufi-ufi ho thibela ho phatloha ha moqomo ka har'a masoba a koahetsoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa mocheso, ho netefatsa ho ts'epahala ha nako e telele libakeng tsa likoloi.

Mathata a Tlhahiso le Kopano

Precision Fabrication Control

Tlhahiso ea RF PCB bakeng sa radar ea likoloi e hloka taolo e ikhethang ea ts'ebetso. Ho hlaba koporo ho tlameha ho fihlella mamello ea bophara ba trace ka har'a ±25 micrometer ho boloka impedance ea sepheo. Ngoliso ea lera ho ea ho lera e tlameha ho lula ka har'a 50 micrometer ho netefatsa hore e tsamaellana hantle le ho thibela ho se tsoele pele ha tsela ea lets'oao. Taolo ea botenya ba dielectric ka har'a ±10% e netefatsa impedance e tsitsitseng ho pholletsa le liphanele tsa tlhahiso.

Litharollo tsa Tsamaiso ea Mocheso

Kaho ea PCB e tšehelitsoeng ka tšepe e sebetsana le mathata a ho felloa ke mocheso ho li-transmitters tsa radar tse matla haholo. Lera la motheo la aluminium kapa la koporo le tlanngoeng ka tlas'a boto ea potoloho le fana ka tsela e tobileng ea mocheso ho tloha likarolong tse sebetsang ho ea holimo. Thermal vias amahanya likarolo likarolo ho tšehetso ea tšepe, ho fokotsa mocheso mateano le ho ntlafatsa ho tšepahala nako e telele tlas'a tshebetso e tsoelang pele.

Litlhoko tsa Seboka sa Precision

Kopano ea Microwave PCB e hloka hore karolo e behoe hantle le ho soasoa. Liphutheloana tsa "ball grid array" tse sebelisetsoang li-circuits tse kopantsoeng tsa radar li hloka ho beoa ho nepahetseng ka har'a li-micrometer tse 50 le li-profiles tse laoloang ho thibela ho senyeha ha manonyeletso a solder. Lihokelo tsa "fine-pitch" bakeng sa li-antenna array li hloka mekhoa e khethehileng ea ho solder ho boloka ts'ebetso ea motlakase ntle le ho koala likhokahano tse haufi.

Teko le netefatso

Teko e felletseng e netefatsa ts'ebetso ea radar ea koloi ea PCB pele ho kopanyo ea sistimi:

• Netefatso ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang - Litekanyo tsa tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea Vector li netefatsa ho ts'oanela ho ts'oana le tahlehelo ea ho kenya ho pholletsa le maqhubu a ts'ebetso ho netefatsa hore ho latela melao.
• 'Mapa oa ts'ebetso ea impedance - Reflectometry ea nako-domain e bonts'a ho se tsoele pele ho impedans litseleng tsa matšoao tse ka nyenyefatsang kutlo ea radar.
• Li-protocol tsa ho lemoha liphoso - Tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea optical e netefatsa boleng bo kopaneng ba solder ha tlhahlobo ea X-ray e fumana liphoso tse patiloeng ka har'a liphutheloana tsa BGA le ho patoa ka vias.

Likopo ho Litsamaiso tsa Likoloi

Litsamaiso tsa Radara tsa Nako e Khutšoane

Thuso ea ho paka le ho khanna ka lebelo le tlase li itšetlehile ka radar ea sebaka se sekhutšoanyane sa 24GHz ka libaka tsa ho lemoha tse fihlang ho limithara tse 10. Meralo ena ea PCB ea radar ea likoloi e beha pele tšireletso e pharaletseng ea angular ho feta sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e sebelisa li-array tsa patch antenna tse nang le lipaterone tse pharaletseng tsa mahlaseli. Maqhubu a tlase a lumella tšebeliso ea thepa e tloaelehileng ea FR4 ea ts'ebetso e phahameng e nang le thepa e laoloang ea dielectric, e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa sistimi ha e ntse e boloka ts'ebetso e lekaneng. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea boto ea antenna ea RO4725JXR , geometry ea antenna, botenya ba dielectric le liteko tse lumellanoeng tsa litekanyo li lokela ho hokahanngoa le tlhaloso ea tlhahiso ea boto ea radar.

Ho fumanoa ha Mid-Range

Tlhokomelo ea libaka tse sa boneng le litsamaiso tsa tlhokomeliso ea sephethephethe li sebelisa radar ea 77GHz e nang le bokhoni ba ho lemoha ba limithara tse 30 ho isa ho tse 80. Lisebelisoa tsena li hloka meralo ea radar ea koloi ea PCB e leka-lekaneng tharollo ea angular le ts'ebetso e fapaneng. Mehaho ea meaho ea likanale tse 'ne kapa tse robeli e thusa ho etsa khanya ea dijithale bakeng sa karohano e ntlafalitsoeng ea sepheo. Meralo ea boto e kopanya liketane tse amohelang li-transmit tse ngata tse nang le crosstalk e nyane lipakeng tsa liteishene.

Sekepe sa Sekepe se Adaptive sa Nako e telele

Radar e shebileng pele bakeng sa taolo ea sekepe se ikamahanyang le maemo le ho qoba ho thulana e sebetsa ho 77GHz ka libaka tsa ho lemoha tse fetang limithara tse 200. Litsamaiso tsena li hloka kutloisiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa le qeto ea angular, litlhoko tsa ho khanna bakeng sa kaho ea PCB ea microwave e lahleheloang ke tahlehelo e tlase le ho beoa ha karolo ea antenna ka nepo. Mehato ea ho fumana moamoheli ea cascaded le bophara ba antenna e moqotetsane li phephetsa tsamaiso ea mocheso le ho itšehla thajana ha matšoao ka har'a meralo e menyenyane.

Ho kopanya le Miniaturization

Mekhoa ea hajoale ea PCB ea radar ea likoloi e totobatsa kopanyo ea mesebetsi e mengata le ho fokotsa boholo. Hona joale liboto tse le 'ngoe li kopanya mesebetsi ea radar ea nako e khuts'oane le ea nako e telele ka lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso tse arolelanoang le ho sebelisoa hape ha antenna aperture. Ho kopanngoa ha likarolo ho fokotsa boholo ba tsamaiso ka 40% ha ho bapisoa le ts'ebetsong e sa tšoaneng, ho tšehetsa ho kenngoa libakeng tse thibetsoeng ke sebaka joaloka ka morao ho matšoao a koloi.

Mekhoa ea Bokamoso ho Radar ea Likoloi tsa PCB Technology

Litsela tsa ho falla khafetsa

Kabo ea taolo ea 77GHz ho isa ho 81GHz spectrum e nolofalletsa radar ea ho nka litšoantšo e phahameng bakeng sa likoloi tse ikemetseng. Phetoho ena ea khafetsa e hloka lisebelisoa tsa PCB tsa radar ea likoloi tse nang le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng e fetang meralo ea hajoale ea 77GHz. Tharollo e ntlafetseng e ts'ehetsa ho hlophisoa ha batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto le ho lemoha basebelisi ba litsela ba tlokotsing, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa maemo a ho khanna a ikemetseng a litoropong.

Tšebeliso e tsoetseng pele ea Packaging

Theknoloji ea li-antenna-in-package e kenyelletsa likarolo tsa antenna ka ho toba ka li-circuits tse kopantsoeng tsa radar, li tlosa likarolo tsa antenna tsa PCB le ho fokotsa boholo ba tsamaiso. Mekhoa ea ho kenya liphutheloana e kopanya RF frontend, ts'ebetso ea mats'oao, le taolo ea matla ka li-module tse le 'ngoe tse hohelang meralo e bonolo ea radar ea likoloi tsa PCB. Lintho tsena tse ncha li fetola ho rarahana ho tloha ho boto ea boto ho ea ho liphutheloana tsa semiconductor ha li ntse li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea motlakase.

Maano a Material a Hybrid

Popontshwa ya PCB ya maemo a hodimo e lekola mekgobo e nyalisitsweng e kopanyang disebediswa tse thehilweng ho PTFE bakeng sa mekato ya RF le FR4 bakeng sa dikarolo tsa taolo ya dijithale. Mokhoa ona o ntlafatsa litšenyehelo ka ho sebelisa thepa e theko e tlaase ea tahlehelo e tlase feela moo ts'ebetso ea motlakase e hlokang, athe lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li sebetsana le matšoao a tlase. Moralo o hlokolosi oa li-interface o thibela ho se tsoelepele ha impedance meeling ea lintho tse bonahalang.

Thermal Via Optimization

Meralo e tsoetseng pele ea radar ea likoloi ea PCB e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nyane ka tlas'a lisebelisoa tse matla haholo bakeng sa taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea mocheso. Li-vias tse entsoeng ka laser tse nang le bophara ba 100-micrometer le sebaka se lekaneng se theha lifofane tse sebetsang hantle tsa mocheso ka har'a mehaho e mengata. Mokhoa ona o fokotsa mocheso oa motsoako ka 15 ° C ho isa ho 20 ° C ha o bapisoa le mocheso o tloaelehileng ka mekhoa, e ntlafatsa ho tšepahala ntle le ho hloka tšehetso ea tšepe.

fihlela qeto e

Theknoloji ea PCB ea radar ea likoloi e theha motheo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha ntho e ka tšeptjoang le bokhoni ba ho khanna bo ikemetseng likoloing tsa sejoale-joale. Khokahano ea taolo e nepahetseng ea impedance, khetho ea thepa e tsoetseng pele, le lits'ebetso tse matla tsa tlhahiso li lekanya ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea radar ho pholletsa le maemo a boima a likoloi. Ha indasteri e ntse e hatela pele ho ea maemong a holimo a ho iketsetsa likoloi, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea PCB e phahameng haholo, ts'epahalo ea mocheso, le botsitso ba tlhahiso li tla tsoela pele ho matlafala.

Highleap Electronics e fana ka tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ea RF le microwave PCB bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa radar tsa likoloi, e fana ka impedance e laoloang ka nepo, ts'ebetso ea thepa e lahleheloang ke tahlehelo e tlase, le tsamaiso e tšepahalang ea mocheso ho ts'ehetsa ADAS ea moloko o latelang le mahlale a ho khanna a ikemetseng. Ikopanye le rona kajeno ho buisana ka projeke ea hau ea radar ea likoloi PCB!