Castellated PCB: Tataiso ea Bohlokoa ho Kopanyo ea Mojule & DFM

1. Selelekela: Ho hlalosa Modular Edge

PCB e nang le li-castelated ke boto ea potoloho e nang le masoba a pota-potiloeng ka halofo haufi le sebaka sa eona, e entsoeng ka ho khetheha ho thusa ho kopanya mochine oa solder-on-board. Likarolo tsena tse ikhethileng tse bitsoang "castellations" kapa "half-holes" - li fetola li-module tse nyane hore e be likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa SMT tse hloella ka kotloloho libotong tsa moamoheli ka "reflow soldering". Mokhoa ona oa moralo o fana ka ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea motlakase le sehokelo se matla sa mochini lipakeng tsa li-module tsa morali le likopano tse kholo.

Tataiso ena e tsoang ho Highleap Electronics e fana ka tlhaloso ea sebopeho, litlhoko tsa bohlokoa tsa DFM, lintlha tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, le lintlha tse tšepahalang tse hlokahalang bakeng sa khokahanyo e atlehileng ea PCB lihlahisoa tsa hau. 

2. PCB ea Castelled ke Eng? Sebopeho le Mareo

2.1 Tlhaloso ea Semmuso

PCB e nang le di-castellate e hlaloswa e le boto ya potoloho e hatisitsweng e nang le masoba a halofo a phuthetsweng ka lehlakoreng la yona, e entsweng ka ho feta bohareng ba masoba a phuthetsweng ( PTHs ). Di-half-via tse phuthetsweng tse hlahang di tshwana le ditora tsa lebota la qhobosheane ya mehleng ya kgale, ka hona ho thwe ke "castellate." Di-castellate ka nngwe di fana ka ntlha ya kgokelo e ka kopanngwang e tlohang lera le hodimo la koporo ho ya tlase.

2.2 Tatelano ya Boqapi

Ts'ebetso ea ho etsa tlhahiso e latela mehato e meraro ea mantlha: Ho cheka → Ho pola → Ho tsamaisa/Ho sila. Li-PTH tse tloaelehileng li cheka pele libakeng tsa moeli oa boto, ebe li kenngoa ka electroplated ka koporo. Mohato oa ho qetela oa ho tsamaisa o phunyeletsa hantle litsing tsa masoba, o pepesa koporo e pentiloeng le ho etsa likaroloana tsa sebopeho sa semi-circle tse hlalosang profil ea castellated edge.

3. Ke Hobane'ng ha U Sebelisa Castellated PCB Edges? Mesebetsi ea Bohlokoa

3.1 Khokahano ea Mojule oa SMT le Khokahano

Likarolo tse entsoeng ka li-castelated li etsa hore li-modules li behoe le ho rekisoa libotong tse kholo ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho khetha le ho beha sebaka le mekhoa ea ho rekisa hape. Likoti tse entsoeng ka halofo li fana ka matla a holimo a solder a kopantsoeng ha a bapisoa le liphahlo tse bonolo, kaha solder e etsa fillet e pota-potileng moqomo oa koporo o pepesitsoeng. Geometry ena ea mahlakore a mararo e tiisang ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea motlakase le botsitso ba mochini tlas'a khatello ea ts'ebetso.

3.2 Mosebetsi o Nolofalitsoeng le Melemo ea Ts'ebetso

Bokhoni ba ho Rework

Dimojule tse nang le di-castellate di ka tloswa le ho nkelwa sebaka ntle le mekgwa e rarahaneng ya ho tlosa di-solder e hlokahalang bakeng sa dipakete tsa BGA kapa QFN. Seteishene sa ho lokisa moya o chesang se arola mojule habonolo, mme di-pad tsa boto ya moamoheli di dula di sa senyeha bakeng sa ho kenya mojule sebakeng sa ona. Sena se fokotsa nako ya ho lokisa mme se ntlafatsa chai dibakeng tsa tlhahiso.

Teko ea Pele ho Kopanya

Baetsi ba li-module ba ka leka ka motlakase likhokahano tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa ho kenya / tlhahiso pele ba romelloa. Li-castellations tse pepesitsoeng li fana ka lintlha tse fumanehang bakeng sa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso, ho netefatsa hore li-module tse nang le bokooa li khetholloa pele li kenngoa kopanong ea ho qetela ea sehlahisoa.

3.3 Ho Ikamahanya le Boinotši le Moralo ho Ikhetha

Hangata li-module tsa RF li hloka ho itšehla thajana ho tsoa ho boto e amohelang batho bakeng sa liteko tsa ho latela melao le ho sireletsa EMI. Kaho ea Castellated PCB e lumella mojule hore o lekoe ka boikemelo, o netefatsoe e le yuniti e ikemetseng, ebe o kopantsoe ntle le ho netefatsoa hape ha kopano eohle libakeng tse ngata.

4. Likopo tse Tloaelehileng tsa li-PCB tsa Castelled

Li-module tsa Castellated PCB li sebelisoa ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki. Lisebelisoa tsa bona tse tsebahalang haholo li kenyelletsa:

• Dimojule tsa puisano tse se nang mohala tse kang disebediswa tsa RF, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, le LoRa tse itshetlehileng ka dikarolo tsa radio tse seng di tiiseditswe ho nolofatsa ntshetsopele.

• Dimojule tsa phetoho ya motlakase ho kenyeletswa le di-converter tsa DC-DC le AC-DC tse ruang molemo ho di-interface tse tsitsitseng tsa motlakase le ho arolwa ho di-circuits tse bonolo.

• Di-module tsa sistimi tse kentsweng tse kang di-core tsa MCU le diboto tsa memori tse atolosang kapa tse fetolang tshebetso ya sistimi.

• Liboto tsa prototype ho kenyeletsoa le liboto tsa ho phatloha le liboto tsa morali tse potlakisang nts'etsopele ea mohato oa pele.

Ka kopanelo, lits'ebetso tsena li totobatsa bokhoni bo fapaneng le bo kopanyang ba theknoloji ea Castellated PCB.

5. Castellated PCB Manufacturing Process Overview

5.1 Ho cheka le ho Plating (The PTH)

Ts'ebetso e qala ka ho cheka li-PTH tse felletseng libakeng tse khethiloeng. Botenya ba koporo ka har'a masoba ana bo bohlokoa-ho sa lekana ho pata ho lebisa ho li-castellations tse fokolang tse ka 'nang tsa robeha nakong ea ho tsamaea kapa ho bontša ho fokola ha matla. Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng li hloka bonyane botenya ba koporo ba 20-25µm ka har'a moqomo.

5.2 Routing kapa Milling (Creating the Half-Hole)

Kamora ho roala le ho phethoa ka holim'a metsi, mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho tsamaisa o fokotsa hantle litsi tsa PTH. Mohato ona o hloka taolo e tiileng ea mamello ho boloka bophara bo sa fetoheng ba selikalikoe ka har'a lesoba le leng le le leng la halofo. Ho kheloha ha litsela ho baka ponahalo ea koporo e sa lekaneng, e lebisang ho bofokoli ba soldering kapa bofokoli ba mochine ka har'a castlelation e felileng.

5.3 Ho Qetella Bokaholimo

Mekoti e sephara e manehiloeng e fumana pheletso ea bokaholimo - hangata ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) kapa Immersion Tin - bakeng sa ho khona ho sotheha hantle le ho phela nako e telele shelefong. ENIG e fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation le libaka tse bataletseng tsa ho kopana, ha Immersion Tin e fana ka melemo ea litšenyehelo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le litlhoko tse khutšoane tsa polokelo.

6. Litlhoko tsa Moqapi oa Bohlokoa bakeng sa Li-PCB tsa Castellated (Boitsebiso bo Bohlokoa ba DFM)

6.1 Hole Diameter le Pitch

Litlhaloso tsa Hole Diameter

Li-diameter tse tloaelehileng tsa lesoba la castellation li tloha ho 0.6mm ho isa ho 1.2mm. Likoti tse nyane ho thata ho li pata ka mokhoa o ts'epahalang 'me li ka bonts'a likheo tsa koporo kapa matheba a masesaane. Likoti tse kholo li ja litša tse eketsehileng tsa boto. Bophara ba 0.8mm ho isa ho 1.0mm bo fana ka ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa boleng ba ho pola le bokhoni ba sebaka bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata.

Litlhokahalo tsa Pitch

Ho kgothaletswa hore ho be le sekgahla se tlase sa menahano ya dinaledi (sebaka se bohareng ho isa bohareng) sa 1.0mm ho isa ho 1.27mm (~50 mil) se a kgothaletswa. Sekontiri se matla haholo se ka baka borokho ba solder nakong ea ho phalla hape, ha sebaka se arohaneng haholo se senya sebaka sa boto. Lebala le tlameha ho lumella sebopeho se nepahetseng sa solder fillet lipakeng tsa li-castellations tse haufi ntle le borokho.

6.2 Ring ea Annular le Botenya ba Koporo

Annular Ring Botšepehi

Lesale la koporo le ka hare le tlameha ho boloka bophara bo lekaneng kamora ho tsamaisa ho thibela ho taboha ha koporo ho tloha moleng ho ea moleng. Bophara ba bonyane ba lesale la annular la 0.15mm boa khothaletsoa. ​​Lesale la annular le sa lekaneng le etsa hore koporo e koahetsoeng e arohane le substrate nakong ea ho tsamaisa kapa tlas'a khatello ea mocheso.

Litlhoko tsa Copper Plating

Botenya bo lekaneng ba plating bo netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea motlakase ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase ho moeli oa lesoba la halofo. Moqomo oa koporo o tlameha ho mamella khatello ea mochini ea ho tsamaea ntle le ho peperana kapa ho ebola. Hlalosa bonyane botenya ba 25µm bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ts'epahalang haholo.

6.3 Mask ea Solder le Ponahalo ea Pad

Solder Mask Clearance

Maske a solder a tlameha ho huleloa morao ho pota halofo ea lesoba ho netefatsa hore koporo e pepesitsoe ka botlalo 'me e loketse ho soasoa. Ka tloaelo ho hlaka ho tloha ho 0.1mm ho isa ho 0.15mm ho tloha moeling oa li-castellation ho thibela ho kenella ha mask ho ka thibelang ho koloba ha solder le ho thehoa ha fillet.

Moralo oa Mating Pad

Sebaka sa PCB se amohelang se lokela ho atolosa 0.2mm ho isa ho 0.3mm ho feta moeli oa li-castellation ho khothaletsa ho kolobisa le ho etsa li-fillet tse lekaneng. Katoloso ena ea pad e fana ka sebaka se eketsehileng bakeng sa lenonyeletso la solder, ho ntlafatsa ts'epo ea motlakase le matla a mochini oa sehokelo sa module.

6.4 Tokiso le Mamello ea Tsela

Mamello ka kakaretso ea li-dimensional tsa PCB e hlophisitsoeng e laela ho ts'epahala ha sehlahisoa sa ho qetela. Tsela e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa (± 0.1mm kapa ho feta) e bohlokoa ho thibela ho se lumellane ha plating le ho netefatsa hore koporo e pepeseha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho pholletsa le li-castellations tsohle. Ho tsamaisa tsela e fosahetseng ho baka masoba a asymmetric a bonts'ang ho solderability le matla a mochini a senyehileng.

7. Castellated PCB Design Mekhoa e Metle ka ho Fetisisa

7.1 Matla a Mechini ea Mojule

Abela likoti tse nang le li-castelated ka mokhoa o lekanang haufi le moeli oa mojulu, ho beha masoba likhutlong ho eketsa matla a mochini a sehokelo. Corner castellations e hanela torque mme e thibela ho phahama ha module tlas'a vibrate kapa khatello ea mocheso ea libaesekele.

7.2 Likarolo tsa ho Boloka Karolo

Qoba ho beha likarolo, vias, kapa mesaletsa e mahlonoko ka har'a 1.0mm ea moeli oa castelelation. Mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa litsela o ka baka khatello ea kelello e senyang likarolo tse haufi. Ho boloka tumello e lekaneng ho boetse ho thibela tšilafalo ea moeli oa castelled nakong ea soldering ea likarolo.

7.3 Likarolo tsa Tokiso ea SMT

Kenya matšoao a fiducial haufi le mathoko a castellated ho PCB ya moamoheli ho netefatsa hore module e beoa hantle nakong ya kopano ya SMT e iketsahalletseng . Difiducial di thusa ditsamaiso tsa pono ho beha ka nepo disebediswa tsa ho kgetha le ho beha, ho thibela ho se tsamaisane hantle ho bakang diphoso tsa solder kapa dipotoloho tse bulehileng.

8. Botšepehi le Tlhahlobo ea Castellated PCB

8.1 Solder Joint Botšepehi

Ntho ea mantlha ea ho hloleha likopanong tsa li-module tsa castellated hangata ke fillet ea solder. Etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le molumo o lekaneng oa peista ea solder ho theha fillet ea concave e eketsang matla a manonyeletso. Tlhahlobo ea pono e lokela ho netefatsa ho koloba ka ho feletseng ha castellation koporo le sebopeho sa fillet e boreleli holim'a pad ea baeti.

8.2 Ts'ebetso ea Thermal Cycling

Lekola ho tšepahala ha mojule tlas'a libaesekele tse futhumatsang ho netefatsa hore sebopeho sa halofo ea lesoba se mamella khatello ho tloha ho se lumellane ha CTE pakeng tsa mojule le boto ea baeti. Manonyeletso a solder a tlameha ho amohela katoloso e fapaneng ntle le ho qhetsola kapa delamination holim'a bophelo ba sehlahisoa.

8.3 Mehaho ea Phanele

Ha u kopanya li-module tse nang le li-castelated, etsa bonnete ba hore tsela ea ho thothomela ha e hlahise ho thothomela ho feteletseng ho ka senyang sekhahla sa koporo se sekoti sa halofo ea lesoba. Tsela e tebileng e laoloang kapa ho lokisa hantle ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello nakong ea karohano ea liphanele.

9. Papiso: Castellated PCB vs. Standard Edge Pads

10. Summary

Li-PCB tsa Castellated li emela maemo a khauta bakeng sa ho ts'epahala ho hoholo, ho kopanya li-module tse rekisoang, tse nolofalletsang kopano ea SMT ea lipotoloho tse nyane joalo ka likarolo tse tloaelehileng. Katleho e itšetlehile ka ho khomarela ka thata melaong ea DFM-haholo-holo bophara ba lesoba, litlhaloso tsa sekontiri, le mamello e nepahetseng ea litsela tse netefatsang ho hloekisoa ho tiileng, ho tiileng haufi le moeli o sehiloeng.