Moralo le Tlhahiso ea Boto ea Potoloho ea Voltage e Phahameng

Ho rala boto ea potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng (HVPCB) ho hloka boenjiniere bo nepahetseng ho netefatsa polokeho, ts'epahalo le ts'ebetso. Liboto tsena li pepesehetse libaka tse phahameng tsa motlakase, li beha likotsi tse kang arcing, ho senyeha ha dielectric, le ho hlōleha ha likarolo. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko lisebelisoa, moralo le maemo a moralo. Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo oa HVPCB, ho kenyeletsoa khetho ea thepa, mekhoa ea moralo, le lintlha tsa polokeho bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.

Boto ea Potoloho e Phahameng ea Voltage ke Eng?

Boto ea potoloho e phahameng ea motlakase e sebetsana le li-voltage tse phahameng haholo ho feta tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse tloaelehileng, hangata li feta 1000V. Sena se hloka likarolo tse khethehileng tsa moralo ho boloka ts'ebetso le ho netefatsa polokeho. Maemo a overvoltage a ka baka mathata a kang:

• Ho senyeha ha dielectric: Lisebelisoa tsa insulating li hlōleha, ho fella ka litsela tse sa lebelloang tsa hona joale.
• Ho qhekella: Ho ntša motlakase ho sa batleheng ka likheo tsa moea kapa tšilafalo e holim'a metsi.
• Ho baleha ka mocheso: Ho hlahisa mocheso o feteletseng ho ka senya likarolo le ho senya tsamaiso eohle.

Moralo o nepahetseng o netefatsa hore likotsi tsena lia fokotsoa ha ho ntse ho bolokoa boto e tšoarellang le ho phela nako e telele, leha e le maemong a thata.

Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa Bakeng sa Maboto a Potoloho a Motlakase o Phahameng

1. Base Laminate Material

Thepa ea motheo e fana ka insulation pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa koporo 'me e ama thepa ea mechine ea boto. Li-laminate tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa:

FR4 :

• • le menyetla: E theko e tlaase, e bonolo ho e etsa, 'me e fana ka thepa ea dielectric e itekanetseng.
  • go tlhoka mesola: E kotsing ea ho silafatsoa ha nako e ntse e ea, e ka fokotsang ho tšepahala ha eona lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase o phahameng.

BT Epoxy :

• • le menyetla: E fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso le mongobo, e nang le botšepehi bo matla ba mahlakoreng.
  • sheba mefokolo ea: Litšenyehelo tse phahameng, tse sebelisoang haholo-holo bakeng sa likopo tse khethehileng.

Polyimide le Teflon :

• • le menyetla: Matla a phahameng a dielectric, a loketse sebaka sa sefofane, sesole le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
  • sheba mefokolo ea: Theko e phahameng ea tlhahiso le ho rarahana.

Li-laminate tsena tse sebetsang hantle li ratoa libakeng tse hlokang ho tšepahala ho feteletseng.

2. Boima ba Koporo

Botenya ba koporo ka boto ea potoloho bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le maqhubu a phahameng. Hangata liboto tsa potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng li hloka likarolo tse boima kapa tse feteletseng tsa koporo ho thibela ho khathala ha morao:

• Koporo e boima (4-10 oz): E loketse lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa matla a phahameng.
• Koporo e feteletseng (10-50 oz): E ea hlokahala bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse matla haholo joalo ka li-collider kapa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa indasteri.

Koporo e teteaneng e eketsa matla a mochine le ho senya mocheso, ho netefatsa ho tšepahala tlas'a khatello e phahameng ea motlakase.

3. Khalase le Likahare tsa Resin

Tekanyo lipakeng tsa likhoele tsa khalase le resin e ama matla a dielectric a boto ea potoloho. Likahare tse phahameng tsa resin tse nang le likhalase tse ntle tse lohiloeng li ntlafatsa ho koala, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho pota-pota ka holim'a metsi. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sebetsang ka tlas'a vacuum kapa khatello e phahameng, moo likheo tsa moea li ka senyang ho kenya letsoho.

4. Comparative Tracking Index (CTI)

CTI e lekanya khanyetso ea lisebelisoa ho lateleng motlakase tlas'a motlakase o phahameng. Lisebelisuoa li lekantsoe likarolong tse tšeletseng tsa CTI:

• Category 0: CTI> 600V (Thepa e babatsehang ea ho kenya letsoho).
• Sehlopha sa 1-2: CTI pakeng tsa 400-600V (E ntle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa matla a phahameng).

Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa CTI ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng, haholo-holo libakeng tse mongobo kapa tse silafetseng.

Mekhoa ea ho Etsa Liboto tsa Potoloho ea Motlakase o Phahameng

1. Litlhoko tsa Creepage le Clearance

Creepage le clearance ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sebaka molemong oa HVPCB:

• Ho hlakola: Tsela e khuts'oane ka ho fetisisa moeeng pakeng tsa likarolo tse peli tsa conductive.
• Creepage: Sebaka se khuts'oane ka ho fetesisa holim'a boto pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli.

Ke Hobane'ng ha Likheo Tsee li Le Bohlokoa?

Lits'ebetsong tse nang le matla a phahameng, tumello e sa lekaneng e ka fella ka ho phunyeletsa moeeng, ha creepage e sa lekaneng e ka lebisa ho lateleng holimo le lipotoloho tse khutšoanyane. Lintlha tsa tikoloho joalo ka mongobo le lerōle le tsona li fokotsa ho kenella ha creepage, ho etsa hore moralo o nepahetseng o be bohlokoa le ho feta.

Libaka tse khothalelitsoeng ho latela Voltage (ho tloha IPC-2221):

• 0-150V: 1.0mm tumello, 1.6mm creepage
• 150-300V: 1.5mm tumello, 2.5mm creepage
• Ka holimo ho 1000V: Clearance le creepage ka 'na hloka ho feta 10-20mm, ho itšetlehile ka maemo a tikoloho.

2. Optimizing Trace Design

Likoba tse hlabang le likhutlong tsa mesaletsa ea potoloho li ka theha libaka tsa motlakase sebakeng sa heno, ho eketsa monyetla oa ho arcing. Ho qoba sena:

• Sebelisa mesaletsa e kobehileng kapa li-angles tse 45-degree ho e-na le ho kobeha ka likhato tse 90.
• Kenya lisebelisoa tsa teardrop ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ka likhokahano.
• Sebelisa litsela tse pharaletseng ho aba mocheso le ho phalla ka ho lekana haholoanyane, ho fokotsa khatello ea mocheso.

3. Surface Qetella ho Nahana

• ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold): E fana ka sebaka se boreleli, ho fokotsa likotsi tsa arcing.
• HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling): E ka hlahisa bohloeki ba bokaholimo, bo ka khothaletsang arcing tlasa voltage e phahameng.

Sebaka se boreleli se tiisa hore li-arcs ha li thehoe likarolong tse sa lebelloang tsa boto ea potoloho, ho boloka botšepehi ba boto.

Lintlha tsa Tlhahiso bakeng sa Liboto tsa Potoloho ea Motlakase o Phahameng

1. Routing le Edge Cleanup

Tsela e nepahetseng le ho qetela ho bohlokoa ho etsoa ha liboto tse phahameng tsa motlakase (HVPCBs). Lithako tse bohale, li-burrs kapa libaka tse matsutla-tsutla li ka theha libaka tseo ho tsona ho ka bang teng li-arcing kapa motlakase, e leng se lebisang ho hloleheng ha motlakase. Ho sebetsana le sena, bahlahisi ba sebelisa ho hloekisa ka plasma kapa kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale ho tlosa litšila le mapheo a boreleli. Ho hloekisa plasma ha ho felise lithōle tse setseng feela empa ho boetse ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela holim'a liphahlo, athe ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale ho fokotsa lintlha tse fokolang tse ka 'nang tsa etsa hore ho be le ho senya. Qetello e boreleli e etsa bonnete ba hore boto e lula e tšoarella ebile e hanana le ho tsoa ha motlakase ka nako.

Leqephe lena e ntse e le tataiso e pharalletseng ea tlhahiso ea boto ea potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng. Bakeng sa liqeto tsa leano la sebopeho le sebaka, sebelisa maano a moralo oa PCB a motlakase o phahameng ; bakeng sa liboto tsa motlakase o phahameng tsa tšepe-core, bapisa tlhoko le sebaka se phahameng sa ho kheloha sa MCPCB.

2. Conformal Coating

Ho sebelisa seaparo sa conformal ho fana ka tšireletso ea bohlokoa ho boto ea potoloho khahlanong le mongobo, lerōle le litšila tse ling tsa tikoloho. Lits'ebetsong tse phahameng tsa motlakase, liphahlo tsena li phetha karolo e eketsehileng ka ho thibela ho lateloa ha holimo-tsela e sa lebelloang ea motlakase holim'a boto. Liaparo tse fapaneng li fumaneha ho latela kopo: silicone e loketse maemo a mocheso o phahameng, acrylic e fana ka ho hanyetsa mongobo o motle, 'me parylene e fana ka matla a phahameng a dielectric empa e theko e boima haholo. Liaparo li ka sebelisoa ho sebelisa spray, dip, kapa mekhoa e khethiloeng, ho netefatsa hore ho na le tšireletso e tšoanang ho thibela lintlha tse fokolang moo ho koala ho ka hlōleha.

3. High Voltage Testing

Teko ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea HV PCB ho netefatsa hore boto e ka sebetsana le li-voltage tse feteletseng ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Teko ea Hi-Pot (Teko e Phahameng ea Potential) e sebelisa motlakase o phahameng ho feta boemo ba ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa likarolo tse tsamaisang motlakase ho netefatsa hore mocheso ha o senyehe kapa ha o lumelle phallo ea metsi. Teko ea ho ntša metsi ka karolo e itseng e lemoha li-micro-arcs kapa lintlha tse fokolang ka har'a PCB, tse ka senyang mocheso ha nako e ntse e ea. Liteko ka bobeli lia hlokahala ho netefatsa botšepehi ba boto tlas'a maemo a phahameng a motlakase, ho khetholla le ho felisa liboto tse nang le liphoso pele li kenngoa.

4. Taolo ea Mocheso le Ho tsamaisana ha Lera

Libotong tsa potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng, taolo ea mocheso e bohlokoa, haholo ha ho sebelisoa likarolo tse teteaneng tsa koporo ho tsamaisa maqhubu a boima. Baetsi ba kopanya li-vias tsa mocheso, licheso tsa mocheso, kapa lifofane tsa koporo ho senya mocheso ka katleho le ho thibela khatello ea mocheso ho senya boto. Ho feta moo, ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le teka-tekano e nepahetseng ka har'a liboto tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata ho thibela li-shorts tsa layer-to-layer, ho boloka sebaka se nepahetseng sa creepage le sebaka sa ho hlaka. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tlhahiso e netefatsa hore boto ea potoloho ha e mamelle khatello e phahameng ea motlakase feela empa hape e lula e sebetsa ka nako e telele maemong a boima.

Bakeng sa moralo oa tlhahiso, ho boetse ho thusa ho bapisa sehlooho sena le tlhahlobo ea moralo oa PCB le papiso ea ho qetela ha bokaholimo pele ho phethoa sephutheloana sa tlhahiso kapa sa kopano.

Ho Latelana le Maemo a Polokeho bakeng sa Maboto a Potoloho a Motlakase o Phahameng

Liboto tsa potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng (HVPCBs) li tlameha ho latela moralo o ikhethileng le litekanyetso tsa polokeho ho netefatsa ts'epo ea tsona le ts'ebetso e bolokehileng. E 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse mahlonoko ka ho fetisisa ke IPC-2221, e hlalosang melao-motheo ea moralo bakeng sa creepage le sebaka sa tumello. Litataiso tsena li totobatsa lekhalo le tlase la moea (ho hlaka) le sebaka se kaholimo (creepage) se hlokahalang lipakeng tsa lintho tse tsamaisang motlakase ho ipapisitsoe le matla a motlakase a sebelisitsoeng le maemo a tikoloho joalo ka mongobo kapa tšilafalo. Ho latela IPC-2221 ho netefatsa hore boto e khona ho mamella liphoso tsa arcing le insulation, esita le maemong a thata a ts'ebetso, ho thusa ho thibela ho se sebetse ha motlakase.

Tekanyetso ea IEC-60950-1 e sebetsana le litlhoko tsa polokeho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa le likhothaletso tsa lisebelisoa tsa insulation tse sebelisoang ho HVPCBs. E totobatsa ho lekola matla a ho senyeha ha dielectric a likarolo tse sireletsang tlas'a khatello ea motlakase, ho netefatsa hore li lula li sebetsa nakong eohle ea bophelo ba sehlahisoa. Ho feta moo, tekanyetso ena e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho lekola mocheso oa ts'ebetso le maemo a phoso, ho netefatsa hore leha e ka hloleha, sistimi ha e hlahise likotsi tsa polokeho ho basebelisi. Ho lumellana le IEC-60950-1 ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea indasteri le ea tlhahisoleseling, moo litsamaiso tse phahameng tsa motlakase li atileng.

Setifikeiti sa UL, haholo UL 796, se fana ka liteko tse ikemetseng ho netefatsa hore liboto tsa potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng li fihlela litlhoko tsa polokeho ea bareki le indasteri. Liboto li tlameha ho feta liteko tsa ho cha (mohlala, UL 94 V-0), ho bonts'a matla a lekaneng a dielectric tlas'a maqhubu a motlakase, le ho boloka ts'ebetso ea bona maemong a mocheso o phahameng. Ho feta moo, liboto tse netefalitsoeng ke UL li tšoailoe bakeng sa ho latelloa, ho netefatsa hore karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e kopana le litekanyetso tsa taolo. Setifikeiti sa UL se thusa lihlahisoa ho fumana tumello ea 'maraka le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa melato, ho fa baetsi monyetla oa tlholisano.

Ho ipapisa le IPC-2221, IEC-60950-1, le maemo a UL ho netefatsa hore HVPCBs e fihlela litebello tsa polokeho ea lefats'e. Litekanyetso tsena ha li sireletse basebelisi likotsing tsa motlakase feela empa hape li netefatsa hore liboto li sebetsa ka ts'epahalo libakeng tse kotsi tse kang sefofane, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le mechini ea indasteri. Ka ho latela melaoana ena, bahlahisi ba ntlafatsa polokeho le ts'epahalo ea sehlahisoa, ba fokotsa mekoloto ea molao, le ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa bona li fihlela litlhoko tsa mebaraka e laoloang.

fihlela qeto e

Ho rala boto ea potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng ho hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi khethong ea thepa, moralo oa sebopeho, le mekhoa ea tlhahiso ho netefatsa polokeho le ts'epo. Ka ho khetha thepa ea laminate e nepahetseng , botenya ba koporo, le liphetho tsa bokaholimo, baenjiniere ba ka fokotsa likotsi tse kang ho qhaqha ha li-arcing le ho senyeha ha dielectric. Ho khomarela litekanyetso tsa ho kheloha le ho tlosa lintho ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng libakeng tse thata, ho tloha ho tsa lifofane ho ea ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.

Ho Highleap Electronic, re sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho hlahiseng le ho kopanya PCB, re fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea elektroniki tsa sebaka se le seng tse tsamaellanang le litlhoko tsa hau tsa boto e phahameng ea motlakase. Tsebo ea rona ea ho khetha lisebelisoa tsa premium le ho sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso e netefatsa hore meralo ea hau e fihlella maemo a holimo ka ho fetisisa a polokeho le ts'ebetso.

Ka mekhoa ena e metle e teng, liboto tsa potoloho ea motlakase o phahameng li ka tsamaisa mahlale a morao-rao a hosane, a nolofalletsang katleho ho mahlale, bongaka le boenjiniere. Ka ho sebelisana le rona, o ka etsa bonnete ba hore meralo ea hau ha e sebetse hantle feela empa e boetse e sireletsa basebelisi le lisebelisoa likotsing tsa tlhaho tsa sistimi ea motlakase o phahameng. E re re u thuse ho etsa hore merero ea hau e ncha e phele ka nepo le ka ts'epahalo.