SMD LED PCB: Tataiso ea Tekheniki bakeng sa Moralo le Tlhahiso

Selelekela

Theknoloji ea SMD LED PCB e laola lits'ebetso tsa sejoale-joale tsa mabone, ponts'o, le mabone a morao-rao ka lebaka la ho lumellana ha eona le mekhoa ea kopano e ikemetseng ea holim'a metsi. Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa LED o ntse o hola, 'me liphutheloana tsa SMD li nka karolo ea 70% ea thomello ea likarolo tsa LED ho pholletsa le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, mabone a likoloi le likarolo tsa indasteri.

Leha ho le jwalo, ho fihlella tshebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa meralong ya SMD LED PCB ho hloka ho nahanisiswa ka hloko ka taolo ya mocheso, kgetho ya thepa, le diparamente tsa tlhahiso. Tataiso ena e sebetsana le mathata a tekheniki ao baenjiniere ba tobanang le ona ha ba rala le ho fumana dikopano tsa SMD LED PCB , e fana ka ditlhaloso tse ka sebediswang le melao ya moralo bakeng sa tlhahiso e tshepahalang.

SMD LED ke eng

Li-LED tsa SMD (Surface-Mount Device Light-Emitting Diodes) ke mehloli e khanyang ea semiconductor e etselitsoeng ho behoa ka ho toba ho li-PCB ho sebelisa SMT reflow. Ho fapana le li-LED tsa lesoba, li ts'ehetsa kopano e ikemetseng 'me li nka sebaka se fokolang. Ba hlahisa leseli ka electroluminescence, moo hona joale ho feta ka har'a matekoane a semiconductor ho hlahisa li-photon ka li-wavelengths tse hlalosoang ke lisebelisoa tsa chip.

Sebopeho sa Motheo

SMD LED e na le likarolo tse 'nè tse ka sehloohong: semiconductor die, foreimi e etellang pele ea tšepe bakeng sa ho kopana le motlakase, li-bond tsa terata tsa khauta tse hokahanyang lesela le li-terminals, le resin ea encapsulation (epoxy kapa silicone) e sireletsang kopano le ho etsa tlhahiso ea khanya. Moralo ona o nolofalletsa ho soasoa ka kotloloho ho lipache tsa PCB ntle le lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng.

SMD LED PCB Sistimi le Likopo

SMD LED PCB e kopanya LED le substrate e loketseng-FR-4 bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla a tlaase, MCPCB e thehiloeng aluminium bakeng sa ho senya mocheso, kapa ceramic bakeng sa ho tšepahala ho phahameng. Li-circuits tse tšehetsang li kenyelletsa taolo ea hajoale, li-IC tsa mokhanni, le taolo ea mocheso ho boloka mocheso o sireletsehileng oa mateano. Li-LED tsa SMD li sebelisoa haholo ho LCD backlighting, marapo a mabone a meralo le a bolulo, matšoao a boemo ba elektroniki, mabota a video le matšoao, mabone a likoloi le mabone a kopaneng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse aparoang.

Liphutheloana tse tloaelehileng tsa LED tsa SMD le Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa

Ho utloisisa boholo ba sephutheloana le litšobotsi tsa motlakase ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa khetho e nepahetseng ea likarolo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa SMD LED PCB. Tafole e ka tlase e akaretsa liphutheloana tsa LED tsa SMD tse amoheloang ka bongata ka liparamente tsa bona tse tloaelehileng tsa ts'ebetso:

Litlhaloso Tse Bohlokoa bakeng sa Moralo oa SMD LED PCB

Ha u khetha likarolo bakeng sa likopano tsa SMD LED PCB, baenjiniere ba tlameha ho lekola mekhahlelo e mengata e amang ts'ebetso le ts'epahalo ka kotloloho:

• Matla a khanyang le ho phalla - E lekantsoe ka cd kapa lm, tsena li hlalosa ho khanya le ho susumetsa moralo oa optical le mocheso. Phaello e phahameng e hloka ho senya mocheso ka matla.
• Mocheso oa Mocheso o Amanang (CCT) - E hlalositsoe ho Kelvin le likhokahano tsa chromaticity, ho tloha ho mofuthu (2700-3000K) ho pholile (5000-6500K). Ts'ebeliso ea bohlokoa ea mebala e hloka li-binning tse thata, hangata ka har'a mehato e 3 ea MacAdam ellipses.
• Mobala oa Rendering Index (CRI) - E bontša ho nepahala ha mebala ha ho bapisoa le khanya ea letsatsi. Liphoso tse akaretsang tsa mabone CRI ≥80, ha lits'ebetso tsa mabenkele le tsa bongaka li hloka CRI ≥90.
• Voltage ea pele le ea hona joale - Vf hangata ke 2.8–3.4V ho rated hajoale. Ho felloa ke matla (P = Vf × Haeba) ho ama ka ho toba moqapi oa mocheso.
• Pona e khanyang - Mekhahlelo ho tloha ho e moqotetsane (15-30 °) ho ea ho bophara (120-140 °), e amang kabo ea leseli le katleho ea optical.
• Meeli ea mocheso le ea ho sebetsa - Thempereichara ea Junction le sebaka sa tikoloho se hlalosa litlhoko tsa mocheso. Ho boloka Tj 20–30°C ka tlase ho maemo a holimo ho tšehetsa L70 bophelo bohle.
• Mekhahlelo ea ho tšepahala - Tekanyetso ea ESD, khanyetso ea libaesekele tse futhumatsang, kutloelo-bohloko ea mongobo (MSL), le litebello tsa tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa bophelo le litebello tsa nako e telele.

Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea litlhaloso tsena e netefatsa katleho, polokeho le botsitso ba nako e telele meralong ea PCB ea LED ea SMD . Ho li hlahloba hammoho ho nolofalletsa baenjiniere ho bapisa li-LED le litlhoko tse itseng tsa ts'ebeliso ka kholiseho.

Recommended Land Patterns bakeng sa SMD LED PCB

Moralo o nepahetseng oa PCB oa maoto o netefatsa sebopeho se kopaneng sa solder le phetisetso e nepahetseng ea mocheso. Bakeng sa liphutheloana tse 2835, litekanyo tsa pad tse khothalelitsoeng ke 1.6mm × 2.4mm ka sebaka sa 0.8mm, ho sebelisoa 100% sekoaelo sa solder bakeng sa ho kolobisa hantle. Liphutheloana tse kholoanyane joalo ka 5050 li hloka liphaephe tsa 2.2mm × 3.0mm tse nang le liphallelo tsa mocheso tse behiloeng haufi le lipampiri ha u sebelisa li-substrates tsa aluminium.

Botenya ba "stencil" ea solder hangata bo fapana ho tloha ho 0.12-0.15mm ho latela boholo ba sephutheloana le litlhoko tsa profil ea reflow. Thermal ka li-arrays e lokela ho atolosa 2-3mm ho feta lethathamo la sephutheloana ho hapa mocheso o hasang ka lifofane tsa koporo ho SMD LED PCB.

SMD LED PCB vs COB LED PCB: Technology Comparison

Theknoloji ea Chip-on-Board (COB) e hlahisa mokhoa o mong moo li-die tse ngata tsa LED li kengoang ka ho toba holim'a li-substrate ntle le sephutheloana se le seng. Ho utloisisa hore na u lokela ho khetha PCB ea LED ea SMD neng khahlanong le COB ho hloka ho hlahloba liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso:

Litaelo tsa Khetho

• COB bakeng sa mabone a lekanang – E loketse lits'ebetso tse hlokang mabone a boreleli, a se nang moriti joalo ka mabone a meralo, lisebelisoa tsa high-bay, le mabone a phanele. Letoto le teteaneng la die le ntlafatsa phetiso ea mocheso mme le tlosa lintho tse bonahalang tse tsoang mohloling oa lintlha.

• SMD bakeng sa ho hola le taolo - E molemohali bakeng sa merero e hlokang ho kopanngoa ka potlako, tlhokomelo e bonolo, kapa taolo ea 'mala. Tlhahiso ea ho kenya holim'a metsi e lumellana le mela e teng ea SMT, 'me RGB kapa litsamaiso tse ka alafshoang li itšetlehile ka li-PCB tsa SMD bakeng sa tsamaiso e ikemetseng ea kanale.

• Lintho tse lokelang ho nahanoa ka mocheso – Meralo e matla a mahareng ho isa ho a maholo e ka sebelisa li-PCB tsa SMD tse thehiloeng ho aluminium tse nang le li-vias tsa mocheso ho atamela ts'ebetso ea COB ha ka nako e ts'oanang li boloka ho tenyetseha. Ha boima ba matla bo feta ~3 W/cm² kapa ho hlokahala ho pholisa ka mafolofolo, COB e ba khetho e khethiloeng.

Mefuta ea SMD LED PCB: Likhetho tsa Boitsebiso le Tlhophiso

Substrate Material Classification

• FR-4 SMD LED PCB - Laminate ea khalase ea epoxy e sebelisetsoang li-LED tse nang le matla a tlase tlas'a 0.5W. E loketse lits'oants'o, mabone a morao, le mabone a khabiso a nang le mocheso o ka tlase ho 80°C. Likhetho tsa li-multi-layer li lumella ho rarahana ha potoloho empa li fana ka phallo e fokolang ea mocheso.
• Metal Core PCB (MCPCB) - Li-substrates tsa Aluminium (1.0-2.0 mm) li fana ka mocheso o betere oa ho hasana bakeng sa li-LED tsa 0.5-5W. Lera la mocheso oa mocheso le 1-3 W / mK conductivity e thusa ho fetisetsa mocheso ho tloha potolohong ea koporo ho ea motheong oa tšepe.
• Keramic Substrate PCB - Alumina le aluminium nitride li fana ka conductivity e phahameng ea mocheso (20-170 W / mK) le CTE e lumellana le li-chips tsa LED. E loketse bakeng sa tšebeliso ea likoloi, sefofane, le indasteri e hlokang -55 ° C ho ea +150 ° C ts'ebetso le ts'epo e phahameng.

Likarolo tse sebetsang tsa potoloho

• Li-PCB tsa LED tsa SMD tsa 'mala o le mong - E sebelisoa ka mabone a akaretsang le matšoao a mantlha. Li-LED li kentsoe ka li-circuits tse bonolo kapa li-circuits tse bapileng tse nang le li-resistors kapa li-linear regulator. Li-converter tse fetohang li ka eketsoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntle le taolo ea mocheso.
• RGB / RGBW modules - Seteishene se seng le se seng sa mebala se sebelisa mokhanni oa sona maemong a tloaelehileng a anode kapa a tloaelehileng a cathode. Taolo e nepahetseng ea hajoale le calibration ea microcontroller e netefatsa motsoako o nepahetseng oa mebala le ho lefella liphetoho tse sebetsang hantle le botsofali. Litlhophiso tsa PCB li arola bakhanni ba analog ho tsoa ho matšoao a dijithale ho fokotsa lerata.
• Matrix le Sistimi ea Pontšo - Kenyelletsa sekeno sa mela/kholomo, lirekoto tsa li-shift, kapa li-IC tsa mokhanni ho PCB. Meetso ena e laola mefuta e meholo ea LED e nang le likhokahano tse fokolang. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa khanyetso ea trace, ho tšoana ho khanyang, le taolo ea EMI.

Tekano le Meralo e Ikhethileng ea Tšebeliso

• Meetso ea mohloli oa lintlha - Sebelisa li-LED tse le 'ngoe kapa lihlopha tse nyane bakeng sa matšoao, mabone a molumo le matšoao. Litlhophiso tsa PCB li etelletsa pele ho beoa ha LED ka nepo le ho itšehla thajana. Liboto tse nang le lehlakore le le leng li tloaelehile bakeng sa litšenyehelo le bonolo.
• Linear LED Strips - Ka tloaelo li-LED tse 30-120 ka mithara li sebelisa liphutheloana tsa 2835, 3528, kapa 5050. Li-PCB tse feto-fetohang li lumellana le lits'ebetso tse kobehileng, ha liboto tse thata li fana ka phallo e ntle ea mocheso. Liqapi li ikarabella bakeng sa ho theoha ha motlakase ka litsela tse pharaletseng le lintlha tse ekelitsoeng tsa ente ea matla.
• Liphanele tsa Leseli tsa Sebaka - Li-LED li ajoa ho pholletsa le libopeho tse bataletseng kapa tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho khantša morao, ho bonesa mosebetsi, kapa tšebeliso ea meralo. Matla a phahameng a matla a hloka taolo e matla ea mocheso ka vias kapa pholile e sebetsang. Li-diffuser kapa litataiso tse bobebe li netefatsa khanya e ts'oanang.

Mehopolo ea Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso

• Kopano ea SMT Reflow - Boholo ba li-PCB tsa LED tsa SMD li sebelisa reflow e se nang lead ka mocheso o phahameng oa 240-250 ° C bakeng sa metsotsoana e 20-40. Nitrogen reflow e fokotsa oxidation mme e ntlafatsa manonyeletso a solder, haholo-holo libotong tsa aluminium moo ho futhumatsa ho lokelang ho laoloa.
• Mekhoa ea Tšireletso le ea Bobeli - Potting, ho roala ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, le sehokelo sa lense ho eketsa mongobo le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Likhomaretsi tsa UV li sireletsa li-optics, ha ho roala ho khethehileng ho qoba ho thibela litsela tsa mocheso. Meralo ea IP65-IP68 e sebelisa li-gaskets le li-vias tse tlatsitsoeng tsa mocheso bakeng sa ho tiisa ka botlalo.

SMD LED PCB Moralo le Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa ea Tlhahiso

Tsamaiso ea Thermal bakeng sa SMD LED PCB

Litsela tse sebetsang hantle tsa mocheso li tlameha ho fetisa mocheso ho tloha ho lebone la LED ho ea tikolohong e haufi ka sephutheloana, motsoako oa solder, pad ea koporo, vias le heatsink.

• Botenya ba koporo - Ho sebelisa 2-3 oz (70-105 μm) koporo e fokotsa ho hanyetsa mocheso khahlanong le 1 oz e tloaelehileng. Mesaletsa e pharaletseng e ntlafatsa ho ata ha mocheso.
• Litsela tsa mocheso – Ka bophara ba 0.3–0.4 mm le 0.6–1.0 mm tshebetso e leka-lekaneng ya sebaka le bokgoni ba ho etsa. Li-arrays tse behiloeng sebakeng sa mocheso oa mocheso li sebetsa e le tsela e kholo ea ho tsamaisa. Litsela tse tlatsitsoeng li felisa likheo tsa moea.

Moralo oa Motlakase bakeng sa SMD LED PCB

Bakhanni ba kamehla ba netefatsa ts'ebetso e tšepahalang le khanya e ts'oanang, ho fapana le meeli e thehiloeng ho resistor.

• Moqapi oa likhoele tsa LED - Likhoele tsa Series li theola hona joale empa li hloka voltage e phahameng. Lithapo tse tšoanang li tšehetsa li-voltage tse tlase empa li hloka ho leka-lekanya ha joale. Litlhophiso tse tsoakiloeng li ntlafatsa kabo ea matla.
• PWM e fokotsehile - Maqhubu a kaholimo ho 200-300 Hz a thibela ho fifala. Li-capacitor tse tlase tsa ESR tse haufi le lits'oants'o li fokotsa lerata, 'me lifofane tse arohaneng li fokotsa tšitiso ea matšoao a taolo.

Mokhoa oa Kopano bakeng sa SMD LED PCB

• Solder peista - SAC305 e lumellana le litšebeliso tse ngata; SAC405 e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ho liboto tsa aluminium ka mocheso o phahameng.
• Hlahisa boemo bo bocha - Li-substrates tsa aluminium li hloka liprofaele tse hlophisitsoeng. Lipotoloho tse tloaelehileng li sebelisa 60-90 s preheat ho 150-180 ° C le 240-245 ° C tlhoro ka 20-30 s ka holim'a liquidus.
• Ho nepahala ha ho beoa - Sistimi ea ho khetha le ho beha sebaka hangata e fihlella ± 0.05 mm. Meetso ea Optical-critical e kanna ea hloka tataiso ea pono kapa tokiso ea post-reflow.

Moralo oa Netefatso ea Tlhahiso

Sephutheloana se felletseng sa litokomane se kenyelletsa:

• BOM e nang le sephutheloana sa LED, voltage, khanya, le meqomo ea mebala
• Lintlha tsa boqapi tse nang le boima ba koporo, pheletso (ENIG kapa OSP), le ka lintlha
• Litlhoko tsa kopano: peista ea solder, profil ea reflow, le alignment ea optical
• Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea mocheso le litekanyetso
• Morero oa ts'epo o koahelang HTOL, libaesekele tse futhumatsang, le liteko tsa mongobo

Ho khetha molekane ea nepahetseng ke senotlolo sa ts'ebetso le ts'epo ea nako e telele. Ikopanye le rona ho hlahisa litharollo tsa SMD LED PCB tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa hau tsa tekheniki le tlhahiso.

Teko ea ho Tšepahala bakeng sa SMD LED PCB

Ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le ho tšoarella, li-PCB tsa SMD LED li etsa liteko tse ngata tsa ho ts'epahala tse etselitsoeng ho etsisa maemo a nnete a ts'ebetso le maemo a khatello ea maikutlo:

• Ho potoloha ha mocheso ka lebelo – -40°C ho isa ho +85°C/+105°C bakeng sa lipotoloho tse 500–1000 ho netefatsa ts'epo ea manonyeletso a solder le botsitso ba thepa.

• Tekanyo-leeme la mocheso-mongobo (THB) – 85°C/85% RH ka leeme la motlakase ho lemoha kotsi ea mongobo le ho hloleha ha lik'hemik'hale tsa motlakase.

• Teko ea bophelo bohle ba ts'ebetso - E sebetse maemong a lekantsoeng ho lekanya tlhokomelo ea lumen le ho fumana ts'ebetso ea L70.

• Teko ea ho ntša metsi ka motlakase (ESD) - E etsoa ho latela ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 ho netefatsa ho hanyetsa tšenyo ea ho sebetsana le eona.

• Teko ea mechini - Ho thothomela le ho tšoha ho latela maemo a IEC bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea likoloi, indasteri le lipalangoang.

• Tlhahlobo ea manonyeletso a solder - Tlhahlobo ea karoloana e nyenyane e netefatsa boleng ba ho hokela le ho thehoa ha fillet.

Liprothokholo tsena tsa tlhahlobo li thusa bahlahisi ho netefatsa hore likopano tsa SMD LED PCB li fihlela litlhoko tsa kopo le ho boloka ts'ebetso ho feta bophelo ba bona ba ts'ebeletso.

fihlela qeto e

Theknoloji ea SMD LED PCB e nolofalletsa mabone a ts'ebetso e phahameng le ho hlahisa tharollo ka khetho e nepahetseng ea likarolo, taolo ea mocheso le tlhahiso. Katleho e itšetlehile ka ho leka-lekanya tlhahiso ea optical, meeli ea mocheso, moralo oa motlakase le litšenyehelo. Baenjiniere ba tlameha ho hlalosa litlhoko tsa binning, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea mocheso ka liteko, le ho sebetsa le barekisi ba tšepahalang ho netefatsa boleng le botsitso.

Highleap Electronics SMD LED PCB Bokhoni ba

Highleap Electronics e fana ka litharollo tse felletseng tsa SMD LED PCB ho tsoa ho prototype ka tlhahiso ea molumo:

• Tšehetso ea boenjiniere - Moralo oa mocheso optimization, tataiso ea khetho ea likarolo, le tlhahlobo ea DFM e netefatsang ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ka bongata bakeng sa merero ea SMD LED PCB.
• Tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele - Ho etsoa ha aluminium substrate ka tlung, kopano ea SMT e nepahetseng haholo e nang le tlhahlobo ea mahlo, le tlhahlobo ea tikoloho e netefatsang ts'ebetso maemong a ts'ebetso.
• Ho fumana likarolo - Likamano le barekisi ba etellang pele ba LED ba nolofalletsang phihlello ea mahlale a morao-rao a liphutheloana le likhetho tsa tlholisano bakeng sa likopano tsa SMD LED PCB.
• Litifikeiti tsa boleng - ISO 9001 le ISO 13485 lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea boleng tse netefalitsoeng tse nang le litokomane tse hlakileng le tse tšepahalang tse tšehetsang lits'ebetso tsa likoloi, tsa bongaka le tsa indasteri.
• Tsebo ea kopo - Boiphihlelo bo netefalitsoeng ho pholletsa le likopano tse bonolo tsa matšoao, lipontšo tse rarahaneng tsa RGB matrix, le mabone a meralo a matla a phahameng a sebelisang theknoloji ea SMD LED PCB.

Na u se u loketse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le bokhoni ba ho e etsa? Ikopanye le Highleap Electronics bakeng sa tšehetso ea boenjiniere le khotheishene ea tlholisano. Sehlopha sa rona se u tataisa ho tloha khopolo-taba ho ea tlhahisong, se u thusa ho fihlela lipheo ka nako le ka har'a tekanyetso.