Tataiso ea Sebopeho sa PCB ea SMPS bakeng sa Liboto tsa Matla tse Tšepahalang

Moralo oa phepelo ea motlakase oa PCB o etsa qeto ea hore na SMPS ea hau e fana ka lilemo tsa ts'ebeletso e tšepahalang kapa e fetoha ho hloleha ho theko e boima. Phapang hangata e theohela ho limilimithara ho beha likarolo kapa ho khetha mofuta o nepahetseng oa capacitor. Ntlafatsa phepelo ea motlakase ea mochini oa switch oa PCB ka mekhoa e sebetsang ea sebopeho, phokotso ea EMI, le maano a taolo ea mocheso bakeng sa li-SMPS tse tšoarellang nako e telele, tse sebetsang hantle. Mona ke tataiso e sebetsang ea ho etsa likete tsa meralo ea SMPS ho pholletsa le topology le boemo ba matla.

SMPS Primary Side PCB Layout Design Melao

Lehlakore la mantlha la phepelo ea motlakase ea mochini oa switch PCB le sebetsana le li-voltages tse kotsi ha li ntse li fetoha ka maqhubu a phahameng. Motsoako ona o hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho sebaka sa polokeho le ho fokotsa likokoana-hloko.

Qala ka loop ea mantlha ea switching: switch ea mantlha, sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa transformer, le capacitor ea ho kenya. Lupu ena e tlameha ho ba nyane kamoo ho ka khonehang — ka tlase ho 400mm² bakeng sa 100W flyback converter. Sesentimithara se seng le se seng se eketsehileng se eketsa mahlaseli a EMI mme se fokotsa ts'ebetso. Beha capacitor ea ho kenya ka kotloloho lipakeng tsa drainage ea switch le mobu oa mantlha, ka mesaletsa e ka tlase ho 10mm bolelele.

Marangrang a snubber a switch ea mantlha a hloka tlhokomelo e lekanang. Beha likarolo tsa snubber ka ho toba holim'a switch, eseng ho transformer. Sebelisa li-resistor tse lekantsoeng ka 2kV bakeng sa li-snubbers—li-resistor tse tloaelehileng li arc holim'a li-voltage tse phahameng. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa PCB tsa AC-DC Converter tse kaholimo ho 75W, kenya tšebetsong lipotoloho tse sebetsang tsa clamp ho fapana le li-snubbers tse senyang. Mekhoa ena e boetse e sebetsa ho meralo ea mahlakoreng a mantlha a Power Converter PCB.

Moo u ka Behang Transformer ho SMPS PCB Board

Boemo ba Transformer bo ama EMI, ts'ebetso ea mocheso, le sebaka sa polokeho. Li-transformer tse nang le lithapo tsa mantlha tse shebaneng le likarolo tsa ho kenya le lithapo tsa bobeli tse lebisang ho liphetho. Karohano ena ea tlhaho e thusa ho boloka libaka tse hlokahalang tsa creepage.

Qoba liphoso tsena tsa transformer:

• Ho beha li-IC tsa taolo ka kotloloho tlasa li-transformer (ho kopanya ha makenete ho baka ho hloka botsitso)
• Letšoao la maikutlo la ho tsamaisa haufi le li-transformer pins (ente ea lerata)
• Tlhaloso e sa lekaneng bakeng sa ho phalla ha moea o pholileng
• Lithebe tse sieo lipakeng tsa lifensetere tsa mantlha le tsa bobeli

Bakeng sa meralo e sa hlahellang haholo, nahana ka li-transformer tse planar tse kopantsoeng le PCB. Bokhoni ba rona ba ho etsa PCB bo kenyelletsa mapolanka a mekato e 20 bakeng sa li-winding tse rarahaneng tsa transformer tse planar. Mekhoa ena e tsoetseng pele e boetse e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea PCB ea Matla a Phahameng.

Mokhoa oa ho Rala SMPS Output Rectifier Circuit Layout

Ponahalo ea lehlakore la bobeli e ama ts'ebetso, ripple, le taolo e fapaneng ho lisebelisoa tse ngata tse hlahisoang. Li-diode tse nchafatsang kapa li-MOSFET tse lumellanang li tlameha ho hokela ka kotloloho ho li-transformer tse nang le bolelele bo fokolang. Le 10mm ea trace e eketsehileng e eketsa inductance e lekaneng ho baka li-spikes tsa voltage le ho lla.

Ho beha li-output capacitor ho latela melao e ts'oanang le lehlakoreng le ka sehloohong-e behile ho fokotsa sebaka sa hona joale sa loop. Bakeng sa meralo e nang le liphetho tse ngata, fumana li-capacitor tsa sephetho se seng le se seng haufi le li-rectifiers, li sa hlophisoa sehokelong.

Ho sefa tlhahiso ya mokgwa o tlwaelehileng ho fokotsa mesi e tswang empa ho hloka ho kenngwa tshebetsong ho nepahetseng. Di-capacitor tsa Y ho tloha mobung wa bobedi ho ya ho wa mantlha di tlameha ho sebedisa dikarolo tse lekantsweng ka polokeho. Beha di-choke tsa mokgwa o tlwaelehileng moo dithapo tsa tlhahiso di tswang boto, eseng ka mokhoa o sa reroang bohareng ba sebopeho. Maano ana a ho sefa a tshwana le a sebediswang meralong ya PCB ya Sefahla sa Phepelo ya Matla.

Ho lokisa SMPS Oscillation le Mathata a ho hloka botsitso

Botsitso ba SMPS bo ipapisitse le matshwao a hlwekileng a maikutlo a se nang lerata la ho tjhentjha. Maikutlo a litsela a tloha hole le libaka tsohle tse fetohang, li-transformer, le litsela tse phahameng tsa hona joale. Sebelisa lifofane tsa fatše bakeng sa ho sireletsa, empa u se ke ua etsa liloko tsa fatše.

Litaelo tsa bohlokoa tsa taolo ea potoloho:

• Optocoupler placement e etsa qeto ea creepage ea mathomo-sekondari
• Litemana tsa TL431 li hloka motlakase o tsitsitseng le matšeliso a nepahetseng
• Lipontšo tsa hona joale tsa kutlo li hloka likhokahano tsa Kelvin le ho sefa
• Li-capacitor tse qalang tse bonolo li le haufi le li-IC tsa molaoli

Bakeng sa SMPS ea taolo ea dijithale e sebelisang DSP kapa li-microcontroller, kenya tšebetsong lifofane tse arohaneng tsa fatše tsa analog le tsa dijithale tse hokahantsoeng ntlheng e le 'ngoe. Lerata la dijithale litseleng tsa karabelo ea analog le baka ho thothomela le ho se tsitse. Mehopolo e tšoanang e sebetsa ho marang-rang a karabelo ea PCB ea Taolo ea Matla.

Mokhoa oa ho Rala Filter ea EMI bakeng sa Phepelo ea Matla a Mokhoa oa Switch

Mofuta o mong le o mong oa phepelo ea motlakase oa PCB o hloka ho sefa EMI ho fihlela litlhoko tsa taolo. Empa ho kenyelletsa li-filters hangata ho mpefatsa lintho. Utloisisa mehloli ea lerata le litsela tsa phatlalatso pele u rala lihloela.

Maano a sebetsang a EMI filter:

• Li-filters tsa mekhahlelo e 'meli li fana ka phokotso e ntle ho feta ea mohato o le mong
• Li-inductors tsa mofuta o tloaelehileng li ea pele ho li-inductors tsa mefuta e fapaneng
• Ho beoa ha X le Y capacitor ho ama katleho ea sefe
• Kenya damping ho thibela resonance ea filthara ka SMPS input impedance

Khetho ea likarolo ea bohlokoa—li-capacitor tsa X2 bakeng sa mola ho ea ho mola, Y1 bakeng sa mola ho ea ho mobu lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea motlakase. Sebelisa li-choke tse lefelloang ke hona joale bakeng sa ho sefa mokhoa o tloaelehileng ntle le ho tlala ho tsoa maqhubung a fapaneng. Litharollo tsena tsa EMI li boetse li thusa meralo ea Power Electronics PCB e nang le liphephetso tse tšoanang tsa lerata.

Tsamaiso ea Thermal ea SMPS PCB Ntle le Fans

Tsamaiso ea mocheso e qala ka sebopeho sa PCB, eseng li-heatsinks. Ho beha likarolo tse bohlale ho ka fokotsa mocheso ka 20°C ntle le ho eketsa lisebelisoa tse pholileng. Likarolo tse fehlang mocheso li hloka sebaka se lekaneng bakeng sa phallo ea moea, 'me li lokela ho qoba ho futhumatsa likarolo tse thata.

Mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa mocheso:

• Sebelisa 2oz kapa koporo e boima ho feta bakeng sa ho hasana ha mocheso
• Kenya ts'ebetsong li-vias tsa mocheso tlas'a likarolo tse chesang
• Beha li-capacitor tsa electrolytic hole le mehloli ea mocheso
• Nahana ka mekhoa ea convection sebakeng sa ho beha likarolo

Bakeng sa meralo e se nang fene, ho kenya PCB e otlolohileng ho ntlafatsa convection ea tlhaho. Kenya li-cutout kapa li-slots ho khothaletsa ho pholisa ka phello ea chimney. Maano ana a pholiso a sa sebetseng a bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'epo ea PCB ea Power Amplifier.

Lintlha tsa Teko tsa SMPS PCB le Tataiso ea Tlhahiso

Li-PCB tsa SMPS li tlameha ho etsetsoa tlhahiso le liteko tse tšepahalang. Qoba likaroloana tsa molumo o hlakileng libakeng tse nang le motlakase o moholo moo sebaka se leng bohlokoa. Fana ka lintlha tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa li-voltage tse bohlokoa le li-waveforms.

Lintlha tsa tlhahiso:

• Boloka mehele e tlase ea 0.5mm bakeng sa li-pass tsa morao-rao tse phahameng
• Sebelisa marotholi a likhapha holim'a mesaletsa ea matla ho thibela ho phahamisa
• Kenya li-fiducials bakeng sa tokiso ea kopano e ikemetseng
• Hlalosa katoloso e nepahetseng ea mask a solder bakeng sa likarolo tsa matla

Ts'ebetso ea rona ea ho kopanya PCB e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea ka hare ho potoloho le netefatso ea ts'ebetso tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a mola le mojaro. Rala lintlha tsa liteko tse fumanehang kapele - ho li kenya bocha ho sitisa ntlafatso ea sebopeho.

Sebelisana le Highleap Electronics bakeng sa boiphihlelo ba litšebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea elektroniki tlhahisong ea SMPS. Re utloisisa lintlha tse fapaneng tse arolang phepelo ea motlakase e tšepahalang ho ho hloleha ha tšimo.