Litšenyehelo tsa PCB tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: Bakhanni ba Bohlokoa le Maano a Ntlafatso

Selelekela

Ditshebediso tsa PCB tse nang le maqhubu a hodimo di atolohile ka potlako ho pholletsa le meralo ya motheo ya 5G, ditsamaiso tsa puisano tsa RF, le mahlale a radar a dikoloi. Diboto tsena tse ikgethang tsa potoloho di na le ditheko tse hodimo haholo ho feta diboto tsa setso tsa FR4 ka lebaka la ditlhoko tsa tsona tse hlokang thepa, mamello e thata ya tlhahiso, le ditlhaloso tse nepahetseng tsa taolo ya impedance.

Litsenyehelo tsa PCB tsa High-Frequency li ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata tse amanang tse kang khetho ea thepa, ho nepahala ha tlhahiso, le ho rarahana ha moralo. Ho utloisisa lits'enyehelo tsena ho thusa baenjiniere le lihlopha tsa ho reka thepa ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng tse leka-lekaneng litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso le mathata a lichelete.

Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba lintlha tsa mantlha tse susumetsang litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa PCB 'me se fana ka maano a ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ntle le ho senya botšepehi ba matšoao kapa ho tšepahala lits'ebetsong tsa bohlokoa tsa RF.

Bakhanni ba Litšenyehelo tsa Bohlokoa ho Lihlahisoa tsa PCB tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa

1. Khetho ea Lintho

Lisebelisoa tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng joalo ka PTFE, Rogers laminate, Taconic substrates, le litsamaiso tsa Megtron li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo ho feta FR4 e tloaelehileng ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ikhethang ea dielectric le ho rarahana ha tlhahiso. Litšenyehelo tsa thepa ea PCB tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng lia eketseha ka mamello e thata ho botsitso ba dielectric constant (Dk) le dissipation factor (Df) ho pholletsa le maemo a mocheso le maqhubu.

Khetho ea foil ea koporo pakeng tsa mefuta ea rolled annealed (RA) le electroposited (ED), hammoho le litlhaloso tsa ho rarahana ha bokaholimo le litlhoko tsa ho lumellana ha prepreg, li ama phapang ea theko ea PTFE khahlanong le FR4. Liqeto tsa khetho ea thepa ea Rogers PCB li tlameha ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea motlakase khahlanong le linnete tsa tekanyetso, kaha thepa ea premium e ka ikarabella bakeng sa liphesente tse mashome a mane ho isa ho tse mashome a tšeletseng tsa litšenyehelo tsohle tsa boto. Ha u bapisa litheko tsa liboto tsa TMM , lokisa boemo ba thepa, ts'ebeliso ea phanele, boholo ba teko le likhakanyo tsa phano pele u tšoara theko e tlase ea yuniti e le e lekanang.

2. Stackup le Layer Count

Meralo ea PCB ea maqhubu a mangata e hloka taolo e ikhethang ea dielectric ea mekhahlelo e fapaneng le ho hokahanya ka nepo lamination e eketsang ho rarahana ha tlhahiso ka ho lekana le palo ea mekhahlelo. Ho foufala le ho patoa ka meaho, hammoho le ho kopanya ka hloko lera la lets'oao ho tloha fatše bakeng sa taolo ea impedance, ho eketsa mehato ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso le litlhoko tsa taolo ea boleng.

Litlhophiso tsa mekhahlelo e tšeletseng ho isa ho tse leshome tse tloaelehileng lits'ebetsong tsa RF hangata li bitsa makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mahlano ho feta meralo e bonolo ea mekhahlelo e 'meli ho isa ho e mene ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea lisebelisoa le nako e telele ea ts'ebetso. Litsenyehelo tse laoloang tsa li-impedans stackup li nyoloha ka sekhahla ha lifensetere tsa mamello li tiea ka tlase ho liperesente tse hlano, tse hlokang tlhokomelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso le phokotso e ka bang teng ea chai.

3. Ho rarahana ha Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso

Li-geometri tse nang le mela e metle e ka tlase ho li-micrometer tse mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano, mekhoa ea ho phekola koporo e nang le ho se tsitse ha maemo a holimo, le mamello e tiileng ea impedance li hlalosa litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB tse phahameng tse khethollang liboto tsa RF ho lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng. Lisebelisoa tsa PTFE li hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho cheka le lisebelisoa tsa ho kena/ho tsoa ho thibela ho arohana le ho laola tšekamelo ea thepa ea ho smear nakong ea ts'ebetso ea machining.

Likhetho tsa ho qetela tse kang electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) kapa silevera e qoelisoang e eketsa likarolo tse sireletsang tse fokotsang tahlehelo ea ho kenngoa empa li eketsa tšusumetso ea litšenyehelo tsa bokaholimo ka liperesente tse leshome le metso e mehlano ho isa ho tse mashome a mararo ha li bapisoa le liphekolo tse tloaelehileng tsa HASL.

4. Kotulo le Mamello ea Ts'ebetso

Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa maqhubu li bonts'a botsitso bo tlase ho feta FR4, e leng se bakang ho eketseha ha warpage nakong ea potoloho ea lamination e fokotsang litefiso tsa pele tsa lihlahisoa bakeng sa li-stackups tse rarahaneng. Mathata a ho cheka a PTFE a kenyelletsang ho etsoa ha burr le koporo e setseng ka tsela e phahamisang litheko le maemo a likhechana, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa le basebetsi ka kotloloho.

Lintlafatso tse phahameng tsa PCB li fana ka liperesente tse hlano ho isa ho tse leshome li fetolela ho phokotso e kholo ea litšenyehelo, kaha boto e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e lahliloeng e jara moroalo o felletseng oa lisebelisoa tse turang tsa substrate le mehato e mengata ea ts'ebetso. Taolo ea mamello ea ts'ebetso ea PCB e ntse e mpefala le ho feta ha maqhubu a ts'ebetso a phahama ho feta li-gigahertz tse leshome, moo ho kheloha ho fokolang ho botenya ba dielectric kapa boima ba koporo ho ama ts'ebetso ea motlakase haholo.

5. Ketane ea Thepa le Bolumo

Dikgetho tse fokolang tsa bafepedi bakeng sa thepa e ikgethang ya RF di baka dipotoloho tse atolositsweng tsa theko le ho fokotsa matla a ditherisano a eketsang ditjeo tsa theko ya RF PCB ha di bapiswa le thepa ya thepa. Diodara tse nyane tse ikgethang hangata di tlisa dipremiamo tsa theko tsa diperesente tse mashome a mabedi a metso e mehlano ho isa ho mashome a mane hodima tlhahiso e phahameng moo tshebediso ya thepa le ditjeo tsa ho seta di arolelanwang ka bongata bo boholo. Dintlha tsa theko ya boto ya potoloho ya Rogers di kenyeletsa letoto la laminate, tlhahiso ya phanele e ka sebediswang, ho rarahana ha dibopeho le boholo ba tlhahlobo, kahoo dikhoutu di hloka motheo o tshwanang wa botekgeniki.

Taolo ea mahlale a thepa le litokisetso tsa ho reka thepa esale pele li thusa ho fokotsa tieho ea phepelo le ho fokotsa litheko tse tlase tsa PCB ka ho fumana litheko tse betere ka boitlamo ba bongata. Ho theha likamano le bahlahisi ba bolokang thepa e tloaelehileng ea maqhubu a holimo ho khutsufatsa linako tsa ho etella pele 'me ho fana ka phihlello ea meaho ea litheko e nang le tlholisano.

Mekhoa e Sebetsang ea ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo

1. Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

Tšebelisano ea pele lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa meralo le baetsi ba masela e nolofalletsa mekhoa e phahameng ea PCB DFM e felisang likarolo tse theko e boima ha e ntse e boloka ts'ebetso ea motlakase. Ho theha mamello ea 'nete ea "impedance", bonyane ba bophara ba trace, le ka meaho e ipapisitseng le bokhoni ba moetsi ho thibela tlhaloso e fetelletseng e phahamisang litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ho sa hlokahale.

Ho qoba ho foufala le ho patoa ka likoti moo likoti li lekaneng, le ho fokotsa palo ea lera ka ho tsamaisa mats'oao a nepahetseng, ho emela mekhoa e otlolohileng ea ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo tse bolokang litlhoko tsa ponts'o ea matšoao. Litlhahlobo tsa moralo oa moetsi pele ho tlhahiso ea mohlala li supa mathata a ka bang teng a tlhahiso le mathata a ho sebetsana le mathata a ka eketsang litšenyehelo mekhahlelong ea tlhahiso.

2. Boemo ba Lintho

Ho beha thepa pele ka liketane tse tsitsitseng tsa phepelo le boiphihlelo bo netefalitsoeng ba moetsi, joalo ka Rogers 4350B, ho fokotsa ho hloka botsitso ha theko le ho etsa li-curves tsa ho ithuta tse phahamisang litšenyehelo. Khetho ea thepa ea PCB e nang le litšenyehelo tse phahameng e kenyelletsa ho bapisa thepa ea dielectric le litlhoko tsa 'nete tsa ts'ebeliso ho fapana le ho ikamahanya le li-premium substrates bakeng sa phaello ea ts'ebetso e fokolang.

Ho bapisa litšenyehelo tsa Rogers 4350B vs 4003C hammoho le litlhaloso tsa motlakase hangata ho senola menyetla ea ho fumana ts'ebetso e lekaneng ea RF ka litšenyehelo tse tlase tse mashome a mabeli ho isa ho tse mashome a mararo. Ho beha maemo holim'a phalete e nyane ea thepa ho pholletsa le lihlahisoa ho ntlafatsa theko ea thepa le ho thusa bahlahisi ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona bakeng sa litšobotsi tse itseng tsa substrate.

3. Stackup Nolofatsa

Ho ntlafatsa lets'oao le ho ajoa ha sefofane ho fokotsa likarolo tse sa hlokahaleng ho theola ka kotloloho ts'ebeliso ea thepa le ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso ho liteko tse phahameng tsa PCB. Mehaho ea li-symmetric stackup e ntlafatsa ho lumellana ha lamination le ho fokotsa kotsi ea warpage, ho fetolela lihlahisoa tse phahameng le liphanele tse fokolang tse lahliloeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea boleng.

Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlositsoeng ho moralo oa multilayer hangata e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa boto ka liperesente tse leshome le metso e 'meli ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e robeli ha ka nako e ts'oanang e khutsufatsa nako ea potoloho ea tlhahiso. Mekhoa e mengata ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo e tlameha ho leka-lekanya litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea motlakase khahlanong le lekhetho la ho rarahana le behiloeng ke likarolo tse ling tsa dielectric le meaho ea khokahano.

4. Taolo ea Ts'ebetso le Tsamaiso ea Lihlahisoa

Ho hloekisa methati ea ho cheka, k'hemistri ea etching, le tatelano ea kalafo ea holim'a metsi ho fokotsa mefokolo le lipotoloho tse kopanyang litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso ea PCB. Ho kenya ts'ebetsong liprothokholo tse matla tsa tlhahiso ea taolo ea impedance ka tlhahlobo ea kamehla ea li-coupon ho netefatsa hore liboto li kopana le litlhaloso ntle le ho hlakoloa kapa ho hlakoloa.

Matsapa a ntlafatso a lihlahisoa tsa PCB a phahamisang sekhahla sa katleho ea pele ho tloha ho mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano ho isa ho liperesente tse mashome a robong a fokotsa litšenyehelo ka liperesente tse mashome a mane ka tšebeliso e ntle ea thepa. Taolo ea ts'ebetso ea lipalo-palo le ho lekola maemo a bohlokoa ho fana ka temoso ea pele ea maemo a ho hoholeha pele a hlahisa liboto tse ngata tse sa lumellaneng.

5. Tšebelisano ea Leano le Baetsi

Ho arolelana diparamente tsa moralo le mefuta ya ditjeo tse rerilweng nakong ya mekhahlelo ya pele ya projeke ho thusa bahlahisi ho hlahisa mekgwa e meng ya boenjiniere ba boleng e bolokang tshebetso ha ka nako e ts'oanang e fokotsa ditjeo. Ho sebelisana mmoho le baetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo ba ho sebetsana le maqhubu a phahameng le ho boloka lenane la thepa e tlwaelehileng ya RF ho potlakisa kemiso ya tlhahiso mme ho ntlafatsa ho bolela esale pele ditjeo. Khakanyo ya ditjeo tsa PCB ya maqhubu a phahameng e lokela ho hlwaya sehlopha sa laminate, stackup, bongata le boholo ba teko, ho ena le ho tshwara diboto tsohle tsa RF e le tse lekanang.

Ho Highleap Electronics, sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere se sebelisana haufi-ufi le bareki ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso ea RF le katleho ea litšenyehelo ka moralo o ntlafalitsoeng oa li-stackup le ho fumana thepa. Mokhoa ona oa tšebelisano-'moho o hloaea menyetla ea ho phomola ha lintlha libakeng tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa ha ho ntse ho tiisa taolo moo ts'ebetso ea motlakase e hlokang ho lokafatsa matsete a eketsehileng.

fihlela qeto e

Litsenyehelo tse phahameng tsa PCB li bonts'a tšebelisano e rarahaneng ea khetho ea thepa, ho rarahana ha moralo, litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, le katleho ea taolo ea lihlahisoa. Litšenyehelo tsa thepa bakeng sa li-substrates tse khethehileng tsa RF hangata li emela karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea theko e le 'ngoe, empa litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahiso le litefiso tse tlase tsa poelo li holisa kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa projeke. Tšebelisano ea pele lipakeng tsa meralo le lihlopha tsa tlhahiso, e kopantsoeng le maemo a thepa le ntlafatso ea li-stackup, e fana ka tsela e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ntle le ho senya botšepehi ba matšoao.

Ho Highleap Electronics, re sebelisa boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse mashome a mabeli ba tlhahiso ea boto ea potoloho ea RF ho thusa bareki ho tsamaisa lits'ebetso tsena tsa ho khanna litšenyehelo ha ba ntse ba fana ka litharollo tse tšepahalang tsa maqhubu a phahameng. Ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere ho buisana ka hore na ntlafatso ea moralo oa maano le boiphihlelo ba ts'ebetso li ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa hau tsa PCB tsa maqhubu a phahameng joang ha li ntse li boloka ts'ebetso ea motlakase eo lits'ebetso tsa hau li e hlokang.