Litlhoko tsa Lifaele tsa Kopano ea PCB

Ho Highleap Electronics , liphutheloana tse felletseng tsa lifaele li nolofalletsa ts'ebetso e potlakileng le lipotso tse fokolang tsa boenjiniere. Re sebelisa Gerbers + drill ea hau ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso, le litšoantšo tsa hau tsa kopano tsa BOM + pick-and-place + ho hlophisa sebaka sa SMT le ho netefatsa polarity/orientation. Tataiso ena e u thusa ho lokisa data e tsamaeang hantle tlhahisong.

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1) Sephutheloana se Felletseng sa Faele

1.1 Lethathamo la Lifaele tsa Bohlokoa

Kamehla ho hlokahala:

• ☐ Lifaele tsa Gerber (mealo eohle e hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso)
• ☐ Lifaele tsa ho phunya (mokhoa oa Excelon)
• ☐ Bili ea Thepa (BOM)
• ☐ Khetha le ho beha faele ea centroid (ho beha karolo)
• ☐ Setšoantšo sa kopano (Holimo/Tlase, polarity, li-refdes)

Hangata ho hlokahala (ho latela boto le kaho):

• ☐ Litšoantšo tsa tlhahiso/lintlha tsa tlhahiso
• ☐ Tlhaloso ea stackup (haholo-holo bakeng sa impedance kapa dielectric e laoloang)
• ☐ Litlhoko tsa teko (AOI/ICT/e sebetsang)
• ☐ Litaelo tse khethehileng (ho etsa mananeo, ho apesa, ho a sebetsana)
• ☐ Tlhahisoleseding ea ho kenya liphanele (haeba li entsoe ka liphanele kapa li hloka li-rails)

1.2 Ho lumellana ha Tokiso ea Faele

Bohlokoa: Lifaele tsohle li tlameha ho tsoa ntlafatsong e tšoanang ea moralo (li-Gerber, drill, BOM, pick-and-place, litšoantšo).

Liphetoho tse tsoakiloeng hangata li baka:

• Likarolo tse behiloeng holim'a li-pad tse fosahetseng (matšoao a maoto a fetotsoe empa faele ea sebaka ha ea ntlafatsoa)
• Ho se tsamaisane ha BOM/kabelo (likarolo tse sieo kapa bongata bo fosahetseng)
• Mehato e fosahetseng e hahiloeng (Gerber khahlano le ho taka khahlano le ho se tsitse ha BOM)

Mokhoa o motle ka ho fetisisa: kenyelletsa sesupo sa tlhahlobo-phetoho mabitsong ohle a lifaele le litokomaneng (mohlala, RevA / RevB, setempe sa letsatsi, nomoro ea ECO).

1.3 Kakaretso ea Sebopeho sa Faele

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2) Litlhoko tsa Lintlha tsa Tlhahiso

2.1 Lifaele tsa Gerber

Mealo e hlokahalang (e tloaelehileng):

• Koporo e holimo
• Koporo e ka tlase
• Mealo ea koporo ea ka hare (haeba e na le mealo e mengata)
• Maske e koahetsoeng ka hodimo
• Maske ea solder e ka tlase
• Sekirini sa silika se holimo
• Sekirini sa silika se ka tlase (haeba se sebelisitsoe)
• Kemiso ea boto / profil (e hlokahala)

E khothaletsoa (haeba e sebetsa):

• Mealo ea mechini bakeng sa li-cutout, li-slots, botebo ba routing, lintlha tsa ho betla ka bohale
• Litšupiso tsa lera la tlhahiso / litšoantšo (haeba CAD ea hau e li hlahisa e le li-gerber)

Litlhaloso tsa Gerber:

• Sebopeho: RS-274X (masoba a kentsweng) kapa Gerber X2
• Diyuniti: Metric e khethoa; e amoheleha ka borena (o se ke wa kopanya diyuniti ho pholletsa le lera)
• Netefatsa hore polarity e tsitsitse le ho reha mabitso a lera ka nepo
• Kenya lera la moralo oa boto le hlakileng, le sa hlakang

2.2 Lifaele tsa ho phunya

hlokahalang:

• E pentiloe ka masoba (PTH)
• Masoba a sa kengoang ka poleiti (NPTH) e le faele e arohaneng (e kgothaletswa)
• Tafole ea lisebelisoa (boholo ba ho phunya le palo)

Haeba ho hlokahala:

• Foufatsa ka lifaele tsa ho phunya
• E patiloe ka lifaele tsa ho phunya
• Lifaele tsa ho phunya ka morao
• Litlhaloso tsa li-slots / routing (haeba li sa tšoaroe sebakeng se seng)

2.3 Setšoantšo sa Tlhahiso / Lintlha (PDF)

Fana ka setšoantšo sa tlhahiso (PDF) se bontšang:

• Litekanyo tsa boto le mamello
• Ho bokellana ha lera le botenya
• Litlhaloso tsa thepa (mohlala, FR-4, high-Tg, laminate e ikhethang e nang le tahlehelo e tlase)
• Litlhoko tsa ho thibela ho hloleha (haeba ho le teng)
• Qetello ea bokaholimo (ENIG, HASL, OSP, joalo-joalo)
• 'Mala oa maske oa solder le 'mala oa silika-skrine (haeba ho hlokahala)
• Litlhoko tse ikhethang (ho betla ka mahlakoreng, ka ho tlatsa/ho kenya, ho laola botebo ba ho tsamaisa, jj.)

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3) Litlhoko tsa ho Kopanya Lintlha

3.1 Faele ea Khetho le Sebaka / Centroid

Bakeng sa ho hlophisa le ho beha melao ka botlalo, sheba ditlhoko tsa faele ya pick-and-place.

Likholomo tse hlokahalang:

• Moqapi oa litšupiso (o tlameha ho lumellana le BOM)
• Khokahano ea X
• Khokahano ea Y
• chenchana
• Lehlakore (Holimo/Tlase)

Kenya lintlha tsa sehlooho (ho qoba ho hloleha ho tloaelehileng):

• Diyuniti (mm kapa mils)
• Sebaka seo u simolohileng ho sona (ka tlase ho le letšehali la kemiso kapa boto bohareng—e bolele ka ho hlaka)
• Tumellano ea potoloho (CCW e ntle kapa e seng joalo)
• Ho sebetsana le lehlakore le ka tlase (ho bontšitsoe kapa che)
• Tlhahlobo ea boto e bapisang Gerbers le BOM

Sheba hape: Litlhaloso tsa faele ea Centroid.

3.2 Li-gerber tsa Solder Peista (Stencil)

• Lera le ka hodimo la ho peista (lea hlokahala bakeng sa SMT)
• Lera le ka tlase la peista (haeba le le ka tlase ho SMT)

Hlokomela: Mealo ea ho peista e hlalosa masoba a stencil. Masoba a stencil a ka fetoloa bakeng sa boleng ba khatiso le tlhahiso ho latela litataiso tsa masoba a stencil.

3.3 Setšoantšo sa Kopano (PDF)

Fana ka setšoantšo sa kopano (PDF) se bontšang:

• Sebaka sa likarolo (litšoantšo tsohle tsa litšupiso lia bonahala)
• Mehlala ea likarolo
• Lipontšo tsa polarity (Pin 1, matšoao a cathode, polarity ea electrolytic)
• Maikutlo a holimo le a tlase
• Lintlha life kapa life tse khethehileng tsa kopano (sesebelisoa sa letsoho, sekhomaretsi, sesebelisoa se khethiloeng, jj.)

Romela Sephutheloana sa Faele ea Hao

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4) Litlhaloso tsa Bili ea Lisebelisoa (BOM)

4.1 Likholomo tsa BOM tse Hlokahalang

4.2 Likholomo tse Ikhethelang Empa tse Thusang

• Tlatsa (Y/Ha e fumanehe) or DNP/DNI: tšoaea ka ho hlaka likarolo tse sa lokelang ho kopanngoa
• MPN e 'ngoe (AVL/AML): likarolo tse ling tse amohetsoeng le lintho tsa bohlokoa
• Distributor 'me Moabi oa PN: mohloli o khethiloeng
• latela boleng ba: boleng ba karolo (10K, 100nF)
• Notes: litaelo tse khethehileng (lithibelo tsa ho shebana, sesebelisoa sa ho rekisa ka letsoho, jj.)

4.3 Mekhoa e Metle ea BOM

• Mohala o le mong ka karolo e ikhethang (likarolo tse tšoanang tsa sehlopha)
• Sebelisa linomoro tse felletseng tsa likarolo tsa moetsi (qoba likhoutu tse sa fellang)
• Tšoaea lintho tsa DNP/DNI ka ho hlaka ('me u netefatse hore le tsona lia tlosoa moo li behiloeng teng haeba ho hlokahala)
• Hlalosa mekhoa e meng e amohetsoeng (kapa u bolele hore "ha ho na mekhoa e meng")
• Bapisa litšupiso tse khethollang lifaele hantle le lifaele tse ling

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5) Litokomane tse Tšehetsang

5.1 Litlhoko tsa Teko

Hlalosa litebello tsa liteko:

• Litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea pono/AOI
• Teko ea ICT kapa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tse fofang
• Litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso (mokhoa oa ts'ebetso, mekhoa ea ho pasa/ho hloleha, lisebelisoa haeba li le teng)
• Tlhahlobo ea X-ray (bakeng sa BGA/QFN ha ho hlokahala)

Sheba Moralo bakeng sa Teko bakeng sa litataiso tsa DFT.

5.2 Litaelo tse Ikhethang

Ngola litlhoko life kapa life tse khethehileng:

• Litlhoko tsa mananeo (ea fanang ka firmware, mokhoa oa mananeo, sehlooho sa mananeo)
• Litlhaloso tsa ho roala tse lumellanang (mofuta, botenya, libaka tse koahetsoeng ka maske)
• Litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ho sebetsana le tsona (ESD, ho utloa mongobo, ho baka)
• Sehlopha sa mosebetsi (IPC-A-610 Sehlopha sa 2 kapa Sehlopha sa 3; haeba ho sa totobatswa, netefatsa hore ke sa kamehla bakeng sa moaho wa hao)

5.3 Tlhahisoleseding ea ho Kopanya Batho ka Sehlopha

Haeba ho na le phanele ea bareki, fana ka:

• Li-Gerber tsa Panel (eseng boto e le 'ngoe feela)
• Tlhophiso ea sehlopha sa phanele (mela/likholomo, li-rails, li-fiducial)
• Mokhoa oa ho tlosa li-panels (V-score, li-tab, router) le li-keep-out life kapa life

Sheba litlhoko tsa ho kenya liphanele bakeng sa SMT.

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6) Mekhoa e Metle ea ho Romela Lifaele

6.1 Tlhophiso ea Lifaele

Sebopeho sa foldara se kgothaletswang:

ProjectName_RevA/
├── Gerbers/
│   ├── ProjectName_Top.gbr
│   ├── ProjectName_Bottom.gbr
│   ├── ProjectName_Drill_PTH.drl
│   ├── ProjectName_Drill_NPTH.drl
│   └── [all layer files]
├── Assembly/
│   ├── ProjectName_BOM.xlsx
│   ├── ProjectName_PnP.csv
│   └── ProjectName_Assembly.pdf
└── Documentation/
    ├── ProjectName_Fab.pdf
    └── ProjectName_Notes.txt

6.2 Tumellano ea ho Reha Lifaele

Kenya mabitso a lifaele:

• Lebitso la projeke kapa nomoro ea karolo
• Sesupo sa ntlafatso
• Sesupo sa mofuta oa lera/faele

Mohlala: ControlBoard_RevC_Top.gbr

6.3 Khatello le ho Itlhahisa

• Hatella lifaele tsohle polokelong e le 'ngoe ea ZIP
• Kenya buka e khutšoanyane ea ho bala (ha ho hlokahale) e hlalosang lifaele tsa bohlokoa, tšimoloho/liyuniti, le lintlha tse khethehileng
• Netefatsa hore lifaele tsohle li bulehile hantle ho sebali pele o li romela
• Sebelisa phetiso ea lifaele bakeng sa liphutheloana tse kholo (>25MB)

6.4 Lethathamo la Lintlha tsa Pele ho Thomello

• ☐ Lifaele tsohle ke phetolelo e tšoanang
• ☐ Litlhaloso tsa litšupiso lia tšoana lifaeleng tsohle
• ☐ Palo ea likarolo tsa BOM e tsamaellana le faele ea sebaka (likarolo tse behiloeng)
• ☐ Li-gerber li netefalitsoe ka har'a sebali (tlhahiso, polarity, maske)
• ☐ Lifaele tsa ho phunya li kenyelletsa tafole ea lisebelisoa le karohano e hlakileng ea PTH/NPTH
• ☐ Diyuniti le tšimoloho di boletswe (haholo-holo bakeng sa ho kgetha le ho beha)
• ☐ Litlhoko tse khethehileng tse tlalehiloeng (mananeo, ho koahela, sehlopha, teko)

6.5 Ts'ebetso ea Lifaele tsa Highleap

Ha o romela difaele ho Highleap Electronics:

1. Lifaele tse amohetsoeng le tse kentsweng
2. Tlhahlobo ea mahala ea DFM e etsoe
3. Tlaleho ea DFM e fanoeng
4. Lipotso li hlakisitsoe pele ho tlhahiso
5. Tlhahiso e tsoela pele ka data e netefalitsoeng

Lifaele tse felletseng, tse hlophisitsoeng hantle li potlakisa ts'ebetso ena. Hlahloba lethathamo la rona la PCB DFM le melao ea moralo oa kopano pele o romelloa.

Ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le litlhoko tsa faele bakeng sa projeke ea hau e ikhethileng.