Botšepehi ba Pontšo ho ATE PCB: Ho nepahala ha Boenjiniere bakeng sa Teko ea Semiconductor ea lebelo le phahameng

Selelekela: Hobaneng ha Botšepehi ba Letšoao ho ATE PCB Design bo Khetholla ho Nepaha ha Teko

Botšepehi ba lets'oao moralong oa ATE PCB bo khetholla ka ho toba ho nepahala le ho pheta-pheta ha liteko tsa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. Litsamaisong tsa Lisebelisoa tsa Teko tse Iketsang, liboto tsa mojaro , liboto tsa sebopeho , le likarete tsa probe li etsa tsela ea bohlokoa ea lets'oao pakeng tsa bahlahlobi le lisebelisoa tse tlas'a teko. Maqhubung a multi-gigahertz ka linako tsa ho phahama ha boemo ba picosecond, esita le ho se tsitse ha impedance kapa litlamorao tsa ho kopanya li fetolela liphoso tsa tekanyo tse behang liphetho tsa liteko kotsing.

Mathata a mantlha a kenyelletsa ho nahanisisa ho tsoa ho li-impedance mismatch, crosstalk lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa liteko tse haufi, le ho fokotsa matšoao ka litsela tse lahlehileng tsa phetisetso. Litaba tsena li ba mpe haholo ha litlhaloso tsa liteko li hloka ho nepahala ha sub-millivolt ho likanale tse makholo tse bapileng. Ho fapana le li-PCB tse tloaelehileng tse sebetsang ka maqhubu a tlase, ho boloka botšepehi ba matšoao lits'ebetsong tsa ATE PCB ho hloka taeo e matla ea moralo oa motlakase moo ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka tsela, sekhutlo se seng le se seng, le phetoho ea sehokelo e tlamehang ho boloka botšepehi ba matšoao ho pholletsa le spectrum ea li-gigahertz tse ngata.

Mathata a Botšepehi ba Letšoao ho Likopo tse Phahameng tsa ATE PCB

Moralo oa PCB o lebelo le phahameng bakeng sa ATE o hloka taolo e tiileng ea impedance ho fokotsa ho bonahatsa le ho buisana ka tsela e fapaneng ho pholletsa le liteishene tsa liteko. Lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa semiconductor li sebetsa ka lebelo la oache le fetang 5 GHz, ka sekhahla sa moeli oa lets'oao se ka tlase ho li-picosecond tse 100. Ka lebelo lena, litlamorao tsa mohala oa phetisetso lia busa, 'me ho se tsoele pele ho hong le ho hong ha' mele ho sebetsa e le mohloli o ka bang teng oa ho bonahatsa kapa mokhoa oa ho kopanya.

Ho Khaotsa ho Nahana le ho Impedance

Ho nahanisisa ho etsahala ha impedance ea sebopeho e fetoha tseleng ea matšoao. Mehloli e tloaelehileng ea ho bonts'a meralo ea ATE PCB e kenyelletsa:

• Li-connector tsa connector - Liphetoho lipakeng tsa tester le load board li etsa mehato ea impedance e bonts'ang likarolo tsa lets'oao la maqhubu a phahameng.

• Ka diphetoho - Diphetoho tsa lera di hlahisa dikgeo tsa capacitive ntle le haeba di entswe hantle ka jiometri ya pad e laolwang.

• Liphetoho tsa bophara ba ho latela - Mamello ea tlhahiso le lithibelo tsa ho tsamaisa li baka ho kheloha ha impedance litseleng tsa matšoao.

• Ho se tsamaisane ha ho fediswa ha motlakase – Marangrang a ho fediswa ha motlakase a sa sebetse hantle a hloleha ho monya matla a letshwao la ketsahalo, e leng se etsang hore maqhubu a eme.

Phapang ea 10-ohm impedance frequency frequency signal ea 5 GHz e hlahisa likhakanyo tse fetang 10% ea leqhubu la ketsahalo, e leng se bakang ts'ebetso e fosahetseng le ho hloka botsitso hoa tekanyo.

Crosstalk Between Test Channels

Crosstalk ka har'a meralo ea ATE PCB e hlaha ho tsoa ho khokahanyo ea motlakase lipakeng tsa matšoao a mats'oao a haufi. Capacitive coupling e busa ka maqhubu a phahameng, ha inductive coupling e matlafala ha matšoao a arolelana litsela tsa morao-rao tsa ho khutla. Mehahong e teteaneng ea liboto tse nang le sebaka sa 0.1mm sa trace, crosstalk e haufi-ufi e ka fihla −30 dB kapa ho feta ntle le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho itšehla thajana, e bakang liphoso tse fosahetseng litekanyong tse tebileng tsa analoge.

Attenuation le Tahlehelo ea Dielectric

Ho fokotsa matšoao ho eketseha ka makhetlo a mabeli le bolelele ba ho latela mohlala. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa FR-4 li bonts'a lintlha tsa ho senya ho pota 0.02, tse bakang tahlehelo ea ho kenya 1-2 dB ka inch ho 5 GHz. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ATE tse hlokang litsela tsa mats'oao a 24-inch ho tloha ho sehokelo sa tester ho ea ho khokahanyo ea sesebelisoa, cumulative attenuation e nyenyefatsa bophahamo ba mats'oao le ho sotha mats'oafo a waveform, e ama ka kotloloho moeli oa nako le menyako ea motlakase.

Ground Bounce le Return Return Path Botšepehi

Moralo o sa lekaneng oa sefofane sa fatše le litsela tse sitisoeng tsa ho khutla li etsa hore banyalani ba etse lerata la likanale. Ka liphetoho lipakeng tsa lera la mats'oao li tlameha ho boloka litsela tsa morao-rao tse khutlang ka tsela e haufi. Ntle le ts'ebetso ena, maqhubu a khutlang a kheloha litseleng tse telele, a eketsa loop inductance le ho hlahisa lerata le tloaelehileng ho likanale tse ngata.

Mekhoa ea ho Rala bakeng sa Botšepehi ba Letšoao ho ATE PCB Layouts

Moralo o sebetsang hantle oa boto ea liteko o kopanya taolo ea impedance, litsela tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ho khutla, le lisebelisoa tsa tahlehelo e tlase ho boloka botsitso ba matšoao. Mekhoa e latelang ea boenjiniere e sebetsana le mekhoa ea mantlha e nyenyefatsang boleng ba matšoao libakeng tsa ATE tse lebelo haholo.

Impedans e Laolang le Trace Geometry

Moralo oa impedance o laoloang o boloka impedance e sa fetoheng e ikhethang ho pholletsa le tsela ea lets'oao. Bakeng sa li-trace tsa 50-ohm tse fellang ka motsotso o le mong, jiometri ea microstrip e hloka taolo e nepahetseng ea bophara ba trace, botenya ba dielectric, le boima ba koporo. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso e sebelisa li-trace tsa 5-mil ho feta sebaka sa dielectric sa 5-mil ho ea lifofaneng tsa fatše, ka mamello ea impedance ea ±10%.

Litlhophiso tsa stripline li fana ka karohano e ntle bakeng sa matšoao a bohlokoa empa li hloka sebaka sa dielectric se lekanang lipakeng tsa lifofane tsa litšupiso. Khetho ea thepa e ama botsitso ba impedance haholo. Li-laminate tse nang le tahlehelo e tlase joalo ka Panasonic Megtron 6 (Dk=3.6, Df=0.002 ho 5 GHz) kapa laminate e ikhethang e nang le tahlehelo e tlase (Dk=3.48, Df=0.0037) li boloka thepa ea dielectric e tsitsitseng ho pholletsa le liphetoho tsa mocheso le maqhubu.

Crosstalk Suppression Strategies

Khatello ea Crosstalk ka har'a ATE PCB e kopanya sebaka sa geometri, mekhoa ea ho sireletsa, le pontšo ea phapang. Ho boloka sebaka sa bophara ba 3× ba trace lipakeng tsa matšoao a haufi ho fokotsa khokahanyo ea capacitive ka tlase ho −40 dB bakeng sa litlhophiso tse tloaelehileng tsa stripline. Mesaletsa e katiloeng lipakeng tsa liteishene tse bobebe e fana ka sebaka sa ho itšehla thajana empa e sebelisa sebaka sa bohlokoa sa ho tsamaisa meralo ea boto ea thepa e teteaneng.

Litsela tse fapaneng tse fapaneng li fana ka ho hana lerata bakeng sa matshwao a dijithale a lebelo le phahameng. Ho kopanya ka thata lipakeng tsa mesaletsa e fapaneng (spacing ≤ trace wide) ho eketsa ho hana mokhoa o tloaelehileng ha ho ntse ho fokotsa phapano ea impedance. Ka har'a liboto tsa litebelisoa tse ngata, ho feto-fetoha ha lera la polarities ho fokotsa li-crosstalk tse hole ka ho sebelisa litlamorao tsa ho hlakola masimo lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo e haufi.

Tsela ea ho Khutlela le Tsamaiso ea fatše

Tsoelo-pele ea tsela ea ho khutla e etsa qeto ea boholo ba ho putlama ha mobu le ho tšepahala ha lets'oao la maqhubu a holimo ho meralo ea ATE PCB. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea matšoao e hloka sefofane se haufi, se sa sitisoeng ho fana ka litsela tsa morao-rao tsa ho khutlela morao. Liphetoho lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa matšoao li tlameha ho kenyelletsa fatše ka ho roka ka har'a sebaka sa λ/20 ho boloka tsoelo-pele ea tsela ea ho khutla ho pholletsa le liphetoho tsa lera.

Sefofane sa fatše se petsoha ka tlas'a matšoao a lebelo le phahameng se theha litsela tse khutlang tse eketsang loop inductance le tšitiso ea mahlaseli a motlakase. Meralo ea boto ea meroalo e lokela ho tsamaisa mats'oao ka tsela e ts'oanang le ho arohana ho hlokahalang ha sefofane kapa ho fana ka li-capacitor tsa fatše ho koala libaka tse arohaneng.

Ntlafatso ea Sehokelo le Sehokelo

Likhokahano tsa ATE lipakeng tsa mohlahlobi le boto ea mojaro li emela ho emisoa ho matla ho hlokang ts'ebetso e hlokolosi. Lihokelo tse lebelo le phahameng li tlameha ho boloka tšitiso e laoloang sebakeng sa ho ikopanya, hangata li sebelisa meralo ea coaxial kapa twinaxial contact. Ntlafatso ea li-interface e kenyelletsa ho fokotsa bolelele ba li-stub ho tloha ho li-pads tsa sehokelo, ho kenya tšebetsong ho phunya ka morao bakeng sa li-vias tsa lesoba, le ho ts'oanela ho ts'oanela ho ts'oara sehokelo ho litlhaloso tsa sehokelo.

Sistimi ea sejoale-joale ea liteko e sebelisa likhokahano tsa compression tse phahameng tse nang le likhokahano tse kopaneng tsa fatše. Moralo o nepahetseng oa sebopeho sa ho nyalana o hloka geometry ea pad e laoloang, tlhaloso ea mask ea solder, le pheletso ea khauta e holimo ho netefatsa hore ho na le khanyetso e tsitsitseng ea ho ikopanya le tšitiso.

Ketsiso le netefatso bakeng sa ATE PCB Signal Integrity

Ketsiso ea SI/PI e thusa baenjiniere ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea ho se sebetse, crosstalk, le ho thuisa pele ho etsoa boto ea liteko. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa motlakase tse kang Ansys HFSS, Keysight ADS, le Siemens HyperLynx li ntša liparamente tsa phetisetso tse itšetlehileng ka maqhubu ho tsoa ho geometry ea 'mele ea PCB.

Pre-Layout Electromagnetic Analysis

Ketsiso ea pele ho moralo e theha litlhophiso tse ka khonehang tsa ho bokella le lipehelo tsa ho thibela. Li-solvents tsa masimo a mahlakore a mabeli li lekola lijeometri tsa trace ka potlako, li bala tšitiso ea sebopeho, sebopeho se sebetsang sa dielectric, le tieho ea phatlalatso bakeng sa tlhophiso e fapaneng ea lera. Tlhahlobisiso ena e tataisa khetho ea lisebelisoa le ho lekanya bophara bo sebetsang pele ho qalisoa ka botlalo.

Netefatso ea Post-Layout

Ketsiso ea poso e tiisa litsela tse felletseng tsa matšoao ho kenyelletsa lihokelo, li-vias le marang-rang a ho emisa. Li-solvents tsa masimo a mahlakore a mararo li na le sebopeho se qaqileng sa jiometry e kenyelletsang ka phetoho ea moqomo, meaho ea pad le libaka tsa ho qala lihokelo. Ketsiso ea setšoantšo sa mahlo e senola hore na matšoao a amoheloang a boloka nako e lekaneng le maemo a motlakase ka mor'a ho hasana ka mocha o felletseng.

Ho netefatsoa ha 'Mele le Teko

Netefatso ea 'mele e tiisa likhakanyo tsa papiso ka litekanyo tsa tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea vector le sebopeho sa lebelo le phahameng la oscilloscope. Litekanyo tsa S-parametha tsa liboto tse iqapetsoeng tsa liteko li netefatsa taolo ea ts'ireletso le ho lekanya tahlehelo ea ho kenya ho maqhubu a ts'ebetso. Teko ea Loop-back ka liteishene tsa ATE e netefatsa botšepehi ba lets'oao la sistimi tlasa maemo a nnete a ts'ebetso.

Lintlha tsa Thepa le Stack-up bakeng sa ATE PCB Signal Integrity

Ho khetha laminate e nepahetseng le sebopeho sa stack-up ho bohlokoa ho moralo oa ATE PCB bakeng sa phetisetso ea mats'oao a lebelo le holimo. Thepa ea thepa e khetholla ka kotloloho litšobotsi tsa phatlalatso ea mats'oao, 'me dielectric e lula e ama impedance le ho lieha ho phatlalatsoa ha dissipation factor e laola ho fokotseha ha matšoao.

Lisebelisoa tsa Dielectric tse Tlasehang

Li-laminates tsa tahlehelo tse tlase li fokotsa ho fokotseha ha lets'oao litseleng tse telele tsa phetiso e tloaelehileng ea meralo ea boto ea mojaro. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa FR-4 tse nang le lintho tse senyang tse pota-potileng 0.02 ho 1 GHz li hlahisa tahlehelo e sa amoheleheng bakeng sa matšoao a mangata a gigahertz. Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tse kang Isola Astra MT77 (Df = 0.0017 ho 10 GHz) kapa Panasonic Megtron 7 (Df = 0.0014 ho 28 GHz) e fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho kenya ka 50% kapa ho feta ha e bapisoa le substrates e tloaelehileng.

Stack-up Architecture

Moralo oa li-stack-up tse ngata bakeng sa botšepehi ba matšoao lits'ebetsong tsa ATE PCB o latela melaoana e ikhethileng ea meralo. Likarolo tsa matšoao li hloka lifofane tse haufi tsa litšupiso tse nang le sebaka se senyenyane sa dielectric ho fokotsa ts'oaetso le ho holisa ts'ebetso ea lebala. Li-stack-ups tse tloaelehileng tsa lebelo le phahameng li fetola mats'oao le likarolo tsa sefofane, ho boloka symmetry ho thibela warpage ha ho ntse ho fana ka mekhahlelo e mengata ea litsela.

Likarolo tsa matšoao a bohlokoa li sebelisa tlhophiso ea linepe lipakeng tsa lifofane tse tiileng tsa fatše bakeng sa ho itšehla thajana ho tsoa tšitiso ea kantle. Lipara tsa motlakase le tsa fatše li lokela ho boloka sebaka se haufi ka har'a lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa mantlha ho fokotsa tšitiso ea netweke ea phepelo ea motlakase.

Boima ba Koporo le Phekolo ea Bokaholimo

Botenya ba koporo bo ama bobeli ba taolo ea impedance le mekhoa ea tahlehelo e phahameng ea maqhubu. Half-ounce copper (17 μm) e fana ka ts'ebetso e lekaneng ha e ntse e thusa li-geometri tsa trace tse hlakileng bakeng sa tšitiso e laoloang. Maemong a maqhubu a ka holimo ho 5 GHz, phello ea letlalo e fella hona joale ho li-conductor, e leng se etsang hore ho betla holimo e be seabo se seholo sa tahlehelo.

Foil e hlakotsoeng ka morao e nang le profil e fokotsehileng ea ho ba mahoashe e fokotsa tahlehelo ea conductor ka 20-30% ha e bapisoa le koporo e tloaelehileng ea electrodeposited. Phapang ea botenya ba dielectric ka ho toba e fetolela ho kheloha ha impedance ho meralo e laoloang ea impedance, e hlokang taolo e tiileng ea mamello ea ± 10% kapa ho feta.

Mekhoa e Molemo ka ho Fetisisa ea Botšepehi ba Boto ea Meroalo

Meralo ea boto ea mojaro bakeng sa botšepehi ba matšoao lits'ebetsong tsa ATE PCB e tlameha ho sebetsana le ketane e felletseng ea matšoao ho tsoa ho sehokelo sa liteko ka likhokahano tsa sesebelisoa. Ts'ebetsong e atlehileng e hloka:

• Lifofane tsa litšupiso tse tsoelang pele - Lifofane tsa fatše tse sa sitisoeng tlas'a matšoao a lebelo le phahameng li boloka litsela tsa hona joale tse khutlang tse tsitsitseng.

• E laoloa ka moralo - Li-vias tse phuntsoeng ka morao li tlosa li-stub tse hlahisang lipontšo tse fetang maqhubu a 5 GHz.

• Ho se tswele pele ho fokotswa – Diphetoho tse tenyetsehang tsa trace ho di-connector pads di lefella ho jariswa ha capacitive.

• Sebaka sa teko sa maano - Bolelele bo fokotsehileng ba stub bo thibela litšitiso tsa impedance litseleng tsa tekanyo.

Via design e hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng meralong e teteaneng ea liboto. Ka li-vias tsa lesoba etsa li-stubs ka tlase ho lera la lets'oao le hlabang ka maqhubu a lekanang le bolelele ba stub. Lifofu le tse patiloeng li qoba mathata ka botlalo empa li eketsa ho rarahana ha tlhahiso.

Libaka tsa ho qala lihokelo li hloka moralo o hlokolosi ho fokotsa ho se tsoele pele ho sehokelo ho sehokelo sa liteko. Ground ka li-arrays tse potolohileng mats'oao a mats'oao a marang-rang a fana ka litsela tsa ho khutla tse nang le tšitiso e tlase le ho fokotsa ho putlama ha fatše nakong ea ho chencha ka lebelo le phahameng.

Qetello: Ho netefatsa Tlhahlobo e Tšepahalang e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa ka Pontšo ea Pontšo

Botšepehi ba pontso moralong oa ATE PCB bo etsa qeto ea ho nepahala ha litekanyetso le bokhoni ba sistimi ea liteko ho pholletsa le litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ts'ebetso ea semiconductor. Ts'ebetsong e atlehileng e kenyelletsa likhoele tse laoloang tsa phetisetso ea impedance, li-stack-ups tse ntlafalitsoeng, lisebelisoa tse lahleheloang haholo, le ketsiso e felletseng ea motlakase nakong eohle ea moralo.

Khetho ea thepa, meralo ea li-stack-up, le likhokahano tsa likhokahanyo li tlameha ho sebetsa 'moho e le sistimi e felletseng ho fapana le lipehelo tse ikemetseng tsa ntlafatso. Ketsiso e tiisa meralo pele e etsoa, ​​athe tlhahlobo ea 'mele e tiisa tšebetso ea' nete e lumellana le likhakanyo.

Highleap Electronics e fana ka ditharollo tse tswetseng pele tsa ATE PCB ka:

• Tlhahiso e laoloang ea impedance - Ho netefatsoa ha mamello ea impedance ka hare ho ± 10% karolong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mohala oa phetisetso.

• Tsebo ea thepa e nang le tahlehelo e tlase - Tšehetso e felletseng ea khetho ea laminate ho kenyeletsoa Megtron, Isola, le li-substrate tse ikhethileng tsa laminate tse nang le tahlehelo e tlase ea maqhubu a phahameng.

• Bokhoni bo felletseng ba teko - Netefatso ea S-parameter le liteko tsa motlakase li tiisa ts'ebetso ea botšepehi ba lets'oao pele le tlisoa.

• Tšebelisano-'moho ea boenjiniere - Tšehetso e tobileng ea tekheniki ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba lets'oao bakeng sa litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahlobo ea semiconductor.

Ikopanye le sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere ho buisana ka hore na re ka ntlafatsa botšepehi ba lets'oao joang morerong oa hau o latelang oa ATE PCB, ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha tekanyo ho pholletsa le sekala se felletseng sa maqhubu a ts'ebetso.