TMM PCB bakeng sa Antenna Miniaturization

Rogers TMM

Leqephe la ho fokotsa matla a antenna le moqotetsane ka boomo ho feta leqephe la tlhahiso ea lelapa la TMM. Le shebana le kamoo kaho ea dielectric le botenya bo felileng li fetolang litekanyo tsa antenna, ha ka nako e ts'oanang li boloka jeometri ea phepelo, sebopeho sa mobu le mamello ea tlhahiso li hokahane le moralo oa antenna e lokollotsoeng.

Setšoantšo sa 1. Rogers TMM

Meaho ea TMM e ka fokotsa litekanyo tse ling tsa tšobotsi ea antenna ha sehlopha se khethiloeng se fana ka botsitso bo phahameng ba dielectric, empa antenna e felileng e ntse e itšetlehile ka botenya ba dielectric, jiometri ea koporo, phetoho ea lijo, sebopeho sa mobu le mamello ea tlhahiso. Sebaka sa thepa: lebitso la sehlahisoa sa Rogers le sebelisoa ho khetholla laminate e boletsoeng bakeng sa kaho ea PCB. Highleap Electronics e fana ka tlhahiso le kopano ea PCB, ha laminate e fumanoa 'me e netefatsoa ka thoko. Kakaretso ea Tsamaiso: Leqephe lena le shebane le ho sebelisa lelapa la TMM mererong ea miniaturization ea antenna, ka khetho ea sehlopha e hokahane le fensetere e hlokahalang ea kaho ea motlakase le tlhahiso. Litokomane tsa hajoale tsa mofani li lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa kaho ea sehlopha se boletsoeng, botenya le foil ho fapana le ho tšoara boleng ba boemo ba lelapa e le sebaka sa stackup e lokollotsoeng.

1. Kgetho ya TMM Kereiti bakeng sa ho Ntshetsa Pele Di-Antena tse Nyenyane

TMM ke lelapa la li-laminate tsa microwave tsa thermoset tse sebelisoang meahong ea microstrip le stripline. Bakeng sa mosebetsi oa antenna, potso e thusang ea tlhahiso ke hore na ke sehlopha sefe le botenya bofe bo fanang ka jiometri e hlokahalang ea motlakase ha li ntse li lumellana le tsela ea ho cheka, ho tsamaisa, ho lamination le ho plating e reriloeng. Rogers o phatlalatsa tataiso e arohaneng ea tlhahiso bakeng sa lelapa la TMM, kahoo kaho e lokollotsoeng e lokela ho hlahlojoa khahlanong le litokomane tsa mofani oa hona joale pele ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB e lokela ho bapisoa le kaho eo. Hang ha sehlopha se khethiloe, ho haha ​​li-antenna holim'a li-substrate tsa TMM ho hokahanya mohlala oa phokotso ea boholo le litšoantšo, mehaho ea phepelo le tlhahlobo ea litekanyo.

Bakeng sa ho fokotsa antenna, diphetoho tse amehang ke grade-specific Dk, botenya ba dielectric, kaho ya koporo, boitshwaro ba mocheso le kamano pakeng tsa boholo ba RF feature le mamello ya tlhahiso. Boleng bona bo lokela ho nkuwa ho tsoa ho datasheet ya mofani wa hajwale bakeng sa grade e kgethilweng ho ena le ho akaretsa dihlahiswa tsohle tsa TMM. Highleap e hlahloba diphepelo tsa antenna, sebaka sa referense-plane, bophara ba mola le botenya ba boto kgahlanong le kaho e etsisitsweng. Ha boholo bo ntse bo fokotseha, ngodiso ya phanele le taolo ya etch e ba bohlokwa le ho feta, kahoo sengoloa sa pele se lokela ho lekanya dikarolo tse kgannang karabelo ya antenna. Boleng ba thepa e nepahetseng bo lokela ho hlahlojwa kgahlanong le ditokomane tsa mofani wa hajwale bakeng sa grade e boletsweng le kaho.

Kaha TMM ke thermoset, ha e nolofale ha e futhumatsoa. ​​Ho kopanya terata ho ka etsoa ntle le kotsi ea ho phahamisa mapheo kapa ho fetoha ha substrate - e leng monyetla o moholo ho feta PTFE bakeng sa lipotoloho tse kopantsoeng tsa microwave (MICs).

2. Tafole ea Thepa ea Rogers TMM Series (TMM3–TMM13i) — Litekanyetso tsa Litšupiso le Tšebeliso ea Moralo

Boleng bo ka tlase ke data ya ditshupiso ho tswa dingolweng tsa tekheniki tsa Rogers TMM tse phatlaladitsweng; netefatsa phetolelo ya hajwale le mokgwa wa teko pele o lokollwa. “Tshebetso ya Dk” e lekanngwa ho 10 GHz ka IPC-TM-650 mokgwa wa 2.5.5.5 (stripline resonator, z-axis). “Design Dk” ke boleng ba broadband bo lekantsweng ho tloha ho 8–40 GHz ka mokgwa wa bolelele ba mokgahlelo o fapaneng — sebedisa Design Dk ho ketsiso ya hao ya EM (HFSS, ADS, CST).

Property TMM3 TMM4 TMM6 TMM10 TMM10i TMM13i Maemo / Mokhoa
Dr (tshebetso) @ 10 GHz 3.27 ± 0.032 4.50 ± 0.045 6.00 ± 0.080 9.20 ± 0.230 9.80 ± 0.245 12.85 ± 0.35 mokhahlelo oa z, IPC-TM-650 2.5.5.5
Dr (moralo) 8–40 GHz 3.45 4.70 6.30 9.80 9.90 12.20 Bolelele ba karolo e fapaneng
Df @ 10 GHz 0.0020 0.0020 0.0023 0.0022 0.0020 0.0019 mokhahlelo oa z, IPC-TM-650 2.5.5.5
TCDk (ppm/°K) + 37 + 15 -11 -38 −43 * -70 -55 ho ea ho +125 °C
CTE x,y (ppm/°K) 15 16 18 21 19 19 0–140 °C, ASTM E831
CTE z (ppm/°K) 23 21 26 20 20 20 0–140 °C, ASTM E831
Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.76 0.76 - mothapo oa z, 80 °C, ASTM C518
Khoheli e tobileng 1.78 2.07 2.37 2.77 2.77 3.00 ASTM D792
Letlalo la koporo (lb/in) 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.0 Kamora ho phaphamala ha solder, koporo ea 1 oz ED
Td (°C) 425 425 425 425 425 425 TGA, ASTM D3850
E lumellana le lead E E E E E E -

* TMM10i TCDk e hakanngoa ho ya ka leqephe la data la Rogers. TMM13i conductivity ya mocheso ha e a phatlalatswa. Ho monya metsi ho fapana ho ya ka botenya ba substrate — bona leqephe la data la Rogers bakeng sa boleng bo ikgethang ba botenya (ASTM D570). Botenya bo tlwaelehileng: 0.015″–0.500″ (15–500 mil). Boholo ba diphanele bo tlwaelehileng: 18 × 12″ le 18 × 24″. Sekwahelo sa koporo: ½ oz, 1 oz, 2 oz electrodepositioned; sekwahelo sa tshepe e boima se a fumaneha.

Mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea data: Df e lula e le tlase (0.0019–0.0023) ho mefuta eohle ho sa tsotelehe Drk — baqapi ba ka khetha Drk e phahameng bakeng sa miniaturization ntle le kotlo e kholo ea tahlehelo. CTE xy le CTE z li haufi mofuteng o mong le o mong (ho fapana le FR4, moo z-CTE e leng 3–5× e phahameng ho feta xy), e leng motheo oa masoba a tšeptjoang a poleiti.

Ts'ebetso ea Dk khahlanong le Design Dk: Litekanyetso tsena tse peli lia fapana hobane li lekanngoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng maemong a fapaneng a maqhubu. Mohlala, TMM4 e na le ts'ebetso ea Dk = 4.50 empa moralo oa Dk = 4.70. Sebelisa ts'ebetso ea Dk feela bakeng sa taolo ea boleng ba tlhahiso. Hlokomela hore moralo oa Dk (12.20) oa TMM13i o tlase ho feta ts'ebetso ea ona Dk (12.85) - kamehla netefatsa hore na sesebelisoa sa hau sa ketsiso se lebeletse boleng bofe.

3. TMM3 le TMM4: Low-Dk bakeng sa Li-filter, Oscillator, le Li-substrate tsa Calibration

TMM3 (Dk = 3.27 ts'ebetso / moralo oa 3.45). TMM3 e haufi le RO4350B ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng oa dielectric. TCDk ea eona ea +37 ppm/°K e bolela hore mokhoa o sa fetoheng oa dielectric o eketseha hanyane ka mocheso - ho kheloha ho ka lebelloang, ho khetholloang hantle ho ka lefelloang ka moralo. Ho feta mocheso oa sesole oa −55 ho isa ho +125 °C, phetoho eohle ea Dk e ka ba 0.7%, e boloka maqhubu a setsi sa filthara a tsitsitse ntle le ho lokisoa kamora tlhahiso. TMM3 e sebelisoa ho li-filter tsa transponder tsa satellite, li-substrate tsa oscillator tse laoloang ke voltage (VCO), le lisebelisoa tsa liteko moo Dk e lokelang ho tsejoa ka ho nepahala ho holimo le ho phetoa libakeng tsohle tsa tlhahiso.

TMM4 (Dk = 4.50 tshebetso / moralo wa 4.70). TMM4 e na le boholo bo bonyenyane ka ho fetisisa ba TCDk lelapeng lohle la TMM: +15 ppm/°K. Ho feta −55 ho isa ho +125 °C, ho kgarakgatshega ha Dk ho ka ba 0.27% - kgetho e tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa mochesong wa Rogers. Moralo wa yona wa Dk wa 4.70 o haufi le FR4 (4.2–4.5), kahoo meralo e hlahisitsweng ho FR4 e ka fetela ho TMM4 ntle le ho fetola ditekanyo tsa potoloho. TMM4 ke kgetho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa difilthara tsa combline le interdigital ditsamaisong tsa puisano le diradio tsa sesole moo ho nepahala ha maqhubu ho lokelang ho dula ho tsitsitse ho tloha ho −55 ho isa ho +125 °C.

4. TMM6 le TMM10: High-Dk bakeng sa Li-Antenna tsa GPS le Liteishene tsa Base Station

Dk e Phahameng e fokotsa bolelele ba leqhubu bo tataiswang, e fokotsa meaho e thothomelang ka ho lekana. Antena ya patch ho TMM6 (Dk = 6.00) e nyane ka hoo e ka bang ka 35% ho feta antena e tshwanang ho TMM3 (Dk = 3.27). Ho TMM10 (Dk = 9.20), phokotso ya boholo e fihla ho hoo e ka bang 50%.

TMM6 (Dk = 6.00 process / 6.30 design). TMM6 ke mofuta wa TMM o sebediswang haholo. Di-antenna tsa GPS L1 (1.575 GHz) ho TMM6 di fihlella kgato ya 25 × 25 mm — e nyane ka ho lekaneng bakeng sa di-module tsa marulelo a dikoloi le di-receiver tse tshwerweng ka letsoho. TCDk ya −11 ppm/°K (e leng TCDk e nyane feela e mpe ka lapeng) e ka ba mokgethi ya matla ha ho hlokahala botsitso ba miniaturization le mocheso. TMM6 hape ke thepa e tloaelehileng bakeng sa diphanele tsa antenna tsa lekala la cellular base station, moo phokotso ya boholo ba 35% ka karolo e nngwe le e nngwe e dumella di-radiator tse ngata sebakeng sa phanele e tsitsitseng bakeng sa di-array tsa 5G massive-MIMO.

TMM10 (Dk = 9.20 ts'ebetso / moralo oa 9.80). TMM10 e sutumelletsa miniaturization ho ea pele - phokotso ea boholo ba 50% khahlanong le TMM3. Lisebelisoa li kenyelletsa meralo ea dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) le li-compact arrays bakeng sa Wi-Fi le 5G. TMM10 le TMM10i li ka nkela li-substrate tsa ceramic tsa alumina sebaka ha li ntse li ka sebetsoa lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa PCB - Rogers o hlokomela bokhoni bona ka ho khetheha leqepheng la data la TMM. Phapanyetsano: CTE xy e eketseha ho fihlela ho 21 ppm/°K 'me thepa e fetoha e pshatlehang habonolo ha e jarisoa ka bongata. Bakeng sa miniaturization e matla, kaho ea TMM13i high-Dk e lokela ho hlahlojoa khahlanong le phetoho e lumelletsoeng ea maqhubu le mamello ea ho fata.

5. TMM10i le TMM13i: Li-Laminate tsa Rogers tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa bakeng sa Li-Antenna tse Nyenyane

Sehlomathiso sa "i" se supa mefuta e fapaneng ea isotropic-CTE. TMM10i (Dk = 9.80) le TMM13i (Dk = 12.85) li na le CTE e tšoanang haufi-ufi li-axes tsohle tse tharo: ka bobeli li lekanya 19/19/20 ppm/°K (x/y/z) - katoloso e tsitsitseng ea mocheso ea laminate efe kapa efe ea Rogers.

TMM10i (Dk = 9.80 tshebetso / moralo wa 9.90). TMM10i e kgethwa ho feta TMM10 bakeng sa mananeo a tshepahalang haholo. Matla a yona a ikgethang (2.77) a tshwana le TMM10, empa CTE e ikgethang haholo (19/20 khahlano le TMM10's 21/20) e fokotsa kgatello e fapaneng pakeng tsa koporo ka dibarele le dielectric tse e potileng nakong ya potoloho ya mocheso. Ditshebediso di kenyeletsa dikarolo tsa antenna tse nang le mekhahlelo bakeng sa radar ya sefofane , difilthara tsa cavity tse jereng dielectric bakeng sa disathelaete tsa puisano, le marangrang a karohano ya motlakase moo ho tshepahalang ha PTH ho feta dipotoloho tsa mocheso tse 1,000+ ho sa buisanweng.

TMM13i (Dk = 12.85 process / 12.20 design). TMM13i e fana ka miniaturization e matla ka ho fetisisa ho portfolio ea Rogers — likarolo tsa antenna li nyane ka hoo e ka bang 60% ka tekanyo ho feta ho TMM3. Ke thepa ea niche bakeng sa li-antenna tsa GNSS tse nyane haholo, li-patch tsa ceramic tse nyane tse entsoeng ka ceramic, le li-oscillator tsa dielectric resonator (DROs). Litšebelisano-'moho: bongata bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa (3.00 g/cm³), TCDk ea −70 ppm/°K (ho sisinyeha ho hoholo ha mocheso lelapeng la TMM), matla a tlase a peel ea koporo (4.0 lb/in vs 5.7 bakeng sa TMM3), le conductivity ea mocheso e sa phatlalatsoang ke Rogers. Ha ho hlokahala Dk e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e nang le thermoset processability, TMM13i ke eona feela khetho ea laminate e haellang li-substrate tsa ceramic tse ikhethileng.

6. Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Li-PCB tsa TMM: Ho Cheka, ho Plata le ho Lamination

Matrix ea thermoset ea TMM e bolela hore e sebetsa lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa FR4 - molemo o moholo ho feta PTFE. Setlatsetso sa ceramic se hlahisa liphetoho tse itseng, 'me ho robeha ha bonolo hoa eketseha ka Dr.

Mohato oa Ts'ebetso Motheo oa FR4 Phetoho ea TMM
Lamination mocheso 175-185 ° C E tšoanang — pheko ea thermoset mochesong o tloaelehileng oa FR4
Ho cheka — bophelo ba hanyane Lipina tse fetang 1,000 TMM3/4/6: Litlhaselo tse 500–700. TMM10/10i/13i: Litlhaselo tse 300–500
Sekhahla sa ho cheka — ho fepa Standard Fokotsa 20% bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea TMM
Desmear Permanganate Permanganate e tloaelehileng — ha ho hlokahale plasma kapa sodium etch
Matla a khetla ea koporo > 6 lb/in 5.0–5.7 lb/in (TMM3–TMM10i); 4.0 lb/in (TMM13i)
Meaho e kopantsoeng N / A E lumellana le mefuta e meng ea FR4 prepreg le TMM
Ho hlakisa Tsela kapa V-score Sephetho sa V se kgethwa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya Dk e nang le di-Dk tse ngata — sehlwekisi sa depanels sa thepa e brittle
Khokahano ea mohala Ha e khothaletsoe E tshehetswa — thermoset ha e nolofale tlasa mocheso o kopanyang

Bakeng sa TMM10, TMM10i, le TMM13i, ho kgothaletswa ho tjheka ka laser bakeng sa di-microvia — thepa e robehang habonolo e ka petsoha ho potoloha masoba a manyane a tjhekilweng ka mechine. Rala bophara bo fokolang ba trace ho 4 mil bakeng sa TMM3/TMM4/TMM6 le 5 mil bakeng sa TMM10/TMM10i/TMM13i. Kenya di-coupon tsa teko ya impedance phanele e nngwe le e nngwe.

Highleap e hlahisa li-PCB tsa TMM ho mefuta eohle e tšeletseng. TMM3, TMM6, le TMM10i li bolokiloe ka botenya bo tloaelehileng (25 le 50 mil). TMM4, TMM10, le TMM13i li fumaneha ka odara ka nako ea libeke tse 2-4 ea ho etella pele thepa. Meaho ea li-TMM tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata ho fihlela ho 8 le li-stackup tsa TMM/FR4 tse kopantsoeng lia tšehetsoa. ​​Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e felletseng ea tlhahiso e akaretsang malapa 'ohle a thepa ea Rogers, bona tataiso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea Rogers PCB.

7. Rogers TMM khahlanong le RO4000 khahlanong le RO3000: Tataiso ea Khetho ea Lintho

Tlhokahalo ea Moqapi Motlatsi Ke hobane'ng ha
Tahlehelo e tlase ka ho fetisisa (Df < 0.001) RT/duroid 5880 Motheo oa PTFE o fana ka Df = 0.0009; TMM Df ≈ 0.002 e phahame ka 2×
Mokhethoa oa litšenyehelo/ts'ebetso bakeng sa RF e akaretsang 1–30 GHz RO4350B / RO4003C Litšenyehelo tse tlase, mefuta e tšoanang ea Dr, e tletse haholo
Mokhethoa oa botsitso ba mocheso oa Dr TMM4 (TCDk = +15 ppm/°K) Boholo bo tlase ka ho fetisisa ba TCDk lelapeng lefe kapa lefe la Rogers
High Dk bakeng sa miniaturization (Dk > 6) TMM6 / TMM10 / TMM10i / TMM13i Ke lelapa la thermoset feela le fanang ka Drk ho fihlela ho 12.85
Phetolo ea substrate ea ceramic ea Alumina TMM10 / TMM10i Ho tšoana le Drk le alumina, e ka sebetsoa joalo ka PCB e tloaelehileng
Isotropic CTE bakeng sa ts'epo TMM10i / TMM13i xyz CTE e bapisitsoe haufi le koporo
Motsoako o bonolo o nang le FR4 RO4000 kapa TMM3/TMM4 Thermoset ka bobeli, potoloho e tšoanang ea khatiso le FR4
Leqhubu la millimeter > 40 GHz RO3003 / RT/duroid Tahlehelo ea PTFE e tlase ho feta TMM maqhubung a mmWave

Nyeoe e hlakileng ka ho fetisisa ea tšebeliso bakeng sa TMM ke ha moralo o hloka Dr kaholimo ho 6.0 hammoho le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho sebetsa oa PCB — ha ho na letoto le leng la Rogers le fanang ka sena ka sebopeho sa thermoset. Nyeoe ea bobeli e matla ea tšebeliso ke ts'ebetso ea mohato o tsitsitseng mocheso: TCDk ea TMM4 ea +15 ppm/°K ke boholo bo tlase ka ho fetisisa ho portfolio ea Rogers, e leng se etsang hore e be tekanyetso bakeng sa li-filter tsa puisano tsa sathelaete tse nang le narrowband le marang-rang a nepahetseng a radar feed moo botsitso ba maqhubu ho pholletsa le −55 ho isa ho +125 °C bo leng bohlokoa.

TMM ha se kgetho e nepahetseng ha ho hlokahala tahlehelo e fokolang ka ho feletseng ya ho kenngwa (sebelisa RT/duroid 5880), ha o sebetsa haholoholo ka hodima 40 GHz (PTFE e feta TMM ho mmWave), kapa ha theko e le yona e ka sehloohong e kgannang RF e akaretsang ka tlase ho 10 GHz (RO4350B e theko e tlase ebile e tletse haholo).

Kopa khotheishene ea TMM PCB ho Highleap → Romela lifaele tsa Gerber le litlhoko tsa stackup. Keletso ea boenjiniere mabapi le litšebelisano tsa TMM khahlanong le RO4000 khahlanong le RO3000 li kenyelelitsoe mahala. Bakeng sa khotheishene ea antenna e nyane, fana ka sehlopha sa maqhubu, jiometri ea antenna, stackup, moralo oa boto, koporo le tlhoko ea teko ea RF. Sena se lumella moetsi ho lekola hore na boholo ba tšobotsi bo hlokahalang bo lumellana le kaho e reriloeng.

 

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A re tsamaiseng tlhahlobo ea DFM/DFA bakeng sa hau 'me re khutlele ho uena ka tlaleho. U ka kenya lifaele tsa hau ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka webosaete ea rona. Re hloka tlhahisoleseling e latelang ho u fa khotheishene:

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Ntle le tlhahiso ea PCB, re fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebeletso tsa elektroniki, ho kenyeletsoa moralo oa PCB, PCBA, le tharollo ea turnkey. Hore na o hloka thuso ka prototyping, netefatso ea moralo, ho fumana likarolo, kapa tlhahiso e ngata, re fana ka ts'ehetso ea ho qetela ho netefatsa katleho ea morero oa hau.

Bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa PCBA, ka kopo fana ka BOM ea hau (Bill of Materials) le litaelo tse itseng tsa kopano. Re boetse re fana ka tlhahlobo ea DFM/DFA ho ntlafatsa meralo ea hau bakeng sa tlhahiso le kopano, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e boreleli.






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