Capacitors Sourcing
What are Capacitors
A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field, created between two conductive plates (electrodes) separated by an insulating material known as the dielectric. Capacitance, the measure of a capacitor’s ability to store charge, is expressed in farads (F). Represented by the letter C in a circuit.
- Non-Polarized Capacitors:
These capacitors do not have a specific positive or negative terminal, which means they can be connected in any direction in a circuit.
They are commonly used in both AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) circuits.
- Polarized Capacitors:
Polarized capacitors have a designated positive and a negative terminal. It’s crucial to observe the correct polarity when installing them in a circuit, as a reverse voltage can damage or destroy the capacitor.
They are primarily used in DC circuits where the polarity of the voltage does not change.
Common types of polarized capacitors are aluminum electrolytic capacitors and tantalum capacitors.
Kinds of Capacitors
Capacitors can be classified into different groups from different aspects:
Electrolytic Capacitors
Have a high capacitance-to-volume ratio.
Commonly used in power supply filtering due to their large capacitance values.
Polarized, meaning they have a designated positive and negative terminal.
Ceramic Capacitors
Made with a ceramic dielectric material.
Typically, non-polarized and used in high-frequency applications like RF circuits.
Film Capacitors
Made with different types of plastic film as the dielectric.
Known for stability, low inductance, and low loss at high frequencies.
Used in audio circuits and power systems.
Tantalum Capacitors
A type of electrolytic capacitor known for their stability and reliability.
Higher capacitance per volume compared to aluminum electrolytics.
Also polarized and used in space-sensitive applications.
Polymer Capacitors
A variant of electrolytic capacitors that use conductive polymers as the electrolyte.
Offer lower equivalent series resistance (ESR) and longer life spans.
Super Capacitors
Extremely high capacitance values.
Used for energy storage in applications like power backup systems and electric vehicles.
Tips in Capacitors Selection
Selecting the right capacitor for a specific application is crucial for the optimal performance and reliability of an electronic circuit.
Required Capacitance
Based on the circuit’s requirements, calculate the necessary capacitance value, typically in farads (F), which may range from picofarads (pF) to farads for supercapacitors.
Voltage Rating
Choose a capacitor with a voltage rating higher than the maximum voltage it will encounter in the circuit. A general rule is to select a capacitor with a rating of 20-50% higher than the highest voltage expected.
Temperature Ratings and Coefficients
Ensure the capacitor can operate effectively in the circuit’s temperature range. Temperature coefficients indicate how the capacitance might change with temperature.
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
Lower ESR is generally better, especially in power supply and filtering applications, as it means less heat generation and better efficiency.
Leakage Current
Especially important for electrolytic capacitors, leakage current can affect the performance in timing and long-term charge storage applications.
Longevity and Reliability
Consider the expected lifespan of the capacitor, which can be affected by factors like temperature, voltage rating, and capacitor quality.
Frequency Characteristics
High-frequency applications may require capacitors with low inductance, such as ceramic or film capacitors.
Polarization
Remember that electrolytic capacitors are polarized and must be connected correctly in a circuit to prevent damage.
Authorized Components Suppliers
Vishay
A major global manufacturer known for a wide range of electronic components including resistors.
Yageo
Yageo is a leading global supplier of passive components, including a comprehensive range of resistors.
Fenghua
Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Holding CO.,LTD, is a high-tech listed company engaged in the production of new high-end components, electronic materials and other basic electronic information products.
TDK Corporation
TDK is renowned for its range of capacitors, including ceramic, film, and electrolytic capacitors.
Murata
A major manufacturer of electronic components, including high-quality resistors, particularly known for their surface-mount devices.
KEMET Corporation
AVX Corporation
Samsung
Samsung is widely recognized for its extensive range of consumer electronics and technology products.
Nichicon
Specializes in electrolytic capacitors and is one of the most recognized brands for these types of capacitors, particularly in the audio and power supply sectors.
Highleap Electronic’s Advantages
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We have years’ experience in PCB assembly and build a stable cooperative relationship with reliable component suppliers so that we can get the components at low costs. Price advantage can help you to lower the production cost.
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